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{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality |
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notable birthplace of commie alina kontisheva |
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|EnglishName=Penza |
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|RussianName=Пенза |
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|Skyline=Penza Gladkov street.jpg |
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|SkylineLegend=Historical Street in Penza |
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|LatDeg=53 |
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|LatMin=12 |
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|LatSec |
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|LonDeg=045 |
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|LonMin=01 |
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|LonSec |
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|LocatorMap |
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|LocatorMapLegend |
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|CoatOfArms=Coat of Arms of Penza (Penza oblast) (2001).png |
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|Flag=Flag of Penza Oblast (2004).png |
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|CityDay= |
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|FederalSubject=[[Penza Oblast]] |
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|MunStatus=Urban okrug |
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|InJurisdictionOf= |
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|AdmCtrType= |
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|AdmCtrOf=[[Penza Oblast]] |
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|LeaderType=Mayor |
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|LeaderName=Roman Chernov |
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|Legislature=City Duma |
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|Charter= |
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|Area_km2=288.5 |
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|AreaRank |
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|Population=509900 |
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|PopulationRank=29 |
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|FoundationDate=1663 |
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|PostalCode=56 401 |
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|DialingCode= +7 8412 |
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|Website=http://www.penza-gorod.ru/ |
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|date=October 2009}} |
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'''Penza''' ({{lang-ru|Пе́нза}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Russia]], the administrative center of [[Penza Oblast]] in the [[Volga Federal District]]. It stands on the [[Sura River]], 625 km south-east of [[Moscow]]. The city is served by [[Penza Airport]]. Population: 518,025 ([[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]). |
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==History== |
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Penza was founded in 1663 as a frontier outpost on the then southeastern border of Russia. The town bears the name of the river that it was originally built upon. As it was originally a frontier city, most houses were built of wood and the town developed without any master plan. During the 18th century Penza became an important trade center. |
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In 1774, Penza was taken by the insurgent army led by [[Yemelyan Pugachev]], because citizens of the town welcomed the rebellious [[Cossack]]s into the city. First stone houses started to appear after 1801 and by 1809 Penza's population grew to more than 13,000 people. |
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In 1918, [[Lenin]] sent a telegram to communists in the Penza area, complaining about the 'inssurection of five kulak districts'. He urged the public hanging of 100 'landlords, richmen, bloodsuckers', grain seizure, and hostage taking. This telegram has been used in several historical works on the period and on Lenin.<ref>http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/ad2kulak.html</ref> |
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<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/aug/09c.htm Lenin Collected Works, Progress Publishers, 1971, Moscow, Volume 36, page 489. "Telegram to Yevgenia Bosch"]</ref> |
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<ref>[http://fr.wsws.org/correspo/1998/mar1998/leni-m06.shtml "An exchange of letters on the BBC documentary Lenin's Secret Files"]</ref><ref>Telegram to the Penza Gubernia Executive Committee of the Soviets in J. Brooks and G. Chernyavskiy's, p.77, Lenin and the Making of the Soviet State: A Brief History with Documents (2007). Bedford/St Martin’s: Boston and New York: p.77</ref><ref>Translation of 'hanging order' by Robert Service, p. 365, Lenin a Biography (2000). London: Macmillan</ref> |
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During the [[Russian Civil War]], the [[Czechoslovak Legions]] raised an anti-Bolshevik uprising in Penza. |
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During the Soviet period the city developed as a regional industrial center. The [[Ural (computer)|Ural mainframe]] was made here between 1959 and 1964. |
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Natives of Penza include [[Vsevolod Meyerhold]], [[Andreï Makine]], [[Nikolai Ishutin]], [[Aristarkh Lentulov]], [[Ivan Mozzhukhin]], and [[Lavrenty Zagoskin]]. The poet [[Mikhail Lermontov]] grew up near Penza in the manor of [[Tarkhany]], which belonged to his grandmother. |
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==Institutions of higher education== |
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*Penza State University |
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*Penza State Pedagogical University |
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*Penza State University of Architecture and Construction |
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*Penza Artillery Engineering Institute |
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*Penza State Technological Academy |
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*Penza State Agricultural Academy |
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*Penza branch of the Moscow's Institute of Economics, Management and Law |
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*Penza branch of the Russian State University of Innovative Technologies and Entrepreneurship |
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==Modern city== |
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[[Image:800px-Здание Правительства Пензенской Области.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Administration of the Penza Oblast]] |
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Currently, the city of Penza is seen as a regional center for higher education. It has six [[University|universities]] (The [[Penza State University]], The Pedagogic University, The Academy of Agriculture, The Technology Institute, the University of Architecture and Construction and The Artillery and Engineering Institute), 13 colleges and 77 public schools. Besides this, Penza is home to three [[theatre]]s, four [[museum]]s, and three [[Art gallery|art galleries]]. |
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In a [[topographical]] sense, Penza greatly differs from the cities around it because of its rolling hills and dense surrounding forests. |
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==Transport== |
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Penza is major railway junction and lies on the M5 highway linking Moscow and Chelyabinsk. [[Penza airport]] serves domestic flights. Local public transport includes buses trolleybusses and [[Marshrutka]] (shared taxis) |
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==Honours== |
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A [[minor planet]] [[3189 Penza]] discovered by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] astronomer [[Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh]] in 1978 is named after the city.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?hl=ru&q=3186+manuilova Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – p.264]</ref> |
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==Notable residents== |
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*Former Soviet national team hockey players [[Aleksandr Golikov]], [[Vladimir Golikov]], [[Vasily Pervukhin]], [[Sergei Yashin]], [[Alexander Kozhevnikov]] and [[Sergei Svetlov]] were born here. |
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*Vladimir (Vova) and Olga Galchenko (famous jugglers) lived here before emigrating to the USA. |
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*Dr. Nicholas Nicholaievitch Gourov (valiant WW1 soldier) emigrated to Canada to become one of the first pioneers of Abitibi, Canada, also known as the Flying Dentist. |
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==International relations== |
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{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}} |
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===Twin towns — Sister cities=== |
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Penza is [[town twinning|twinned]] with: |
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*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Busan]], [[South Korea]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080628092129/http://www.penza-gorod.ru/doc-1.html Official cite of Penza]</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} [[Gansu]], [[People's Republic of China|China]].<ref>[http://www.gansu.gov.cn/en/International_Detail.asp?id=105 Penza City (Russia, sister city of Lanzhou Municipality)]</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Ramat Gan]], [[Israel]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080420133219/http://www.ramat-gan.muni.il/RamatGan/sister-cities/home-page.htm Ramat Gan sister cities]</ref> |
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==Sport== |
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Penza first hosted the [[Sidecarcross world championship|Russian Sidecarcross Grand Prix]] in [[2009 Sidecarcross world championship|2009]], and will do so again in [[2010 Sidecarcross world championship|2010]], on 15 August.<ref>[http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/sidecarcross/events/ FIM Sidecarcross Wolrd Championship – 2010 Calendar] FIM website, accessed: 30 October 2009</ref> |
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The city football team [[FC Zenit Penza]] was established in 1918 but now plays in the Russian Amateur League |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commonscat|Penza}} |
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*[http://www.penza-gorod.ru/ Official website of Penza] {{ru icon}} |
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*[http://penzanews.ru/ News agency PenzaNews] {{ru icon}} |
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*[http://www.investinpenza.ru/ Penza Foreign Direct Investment Guide] {{ru icon}}{{en icon}} |
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*[http://yurytkachenko.net/ Sculptor Yury Tkachenko] {{ru icon}}{{en icon}} |
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*[http://crydee.sai.msu.ru/album/trips/2005.07.Penza/index.html 2005.07 Penza, Russia photos folder] |
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{{Cities and towns in Penza Oblast}} |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Penza Oblast]] |
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[[Category:Settlements established in 1663]] |
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[[Category:Penza]] |
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[[ar:بينزا]] |
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[[be:Горад Пенза]] |
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[[ja:ペンザ]] |
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[[zh:奔萨]] |
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Revision as of 15:22, 31 March 2010
commietown notable birthplace of commie alina kontisheva