Barbara Leonard Reynolds

Barbara Leonard Reynolds

Not to be confused with Barbara Reynolds.

Barbara Leonard Reynolds (June 12, 1915 - February 11, 1990), was an author who became a Quaker, peace activist and educator. In 1951, Barbara and her family moved to Hiroshima with her husband, Dr. Earle L. Reynolds , who was assigned by the American government to conduct a three-year study on the effects of radiation on children who had survived the first atomic bomb (1951-54). In 1954 she and the family sailed around the world in a yacht Earle had designed.

Years later their pleasure trip became one of protest. They sailed into the American nuclear testing zone in the Pacific (1958) and to the USSR (1961) to protest nuclear testing. Stopped by a Soviet vessel off Nakhodka, they were unable to persuade the captain to receive the hundreds of written appeals for disarmament they carried with them from the survivors (hibakusha) of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Upon their return to Hiroshima, Barbara determined to hand-carry the messages to government leaders and the United Nations. She organized a Peace Pilgrimage in 1962, accompanying two hibakusha, one a schoolgirl at the time of the bomb and another a baby boy orphaned by the bomb, around the world as they shared their personal experiences of atomic war, appealing to world leaders to ban nuclear weapons. Two years later Barbara organized the World Peace Study Mission, taking 25 survivors of both cities plus 15 interpreters to every nuclear nation, including the USSR. Dr. Tomin Harada, a physician who dedicated his life to the continuing medical needs of the hibakusha due to delayed radiation sickness, and who had named a species of rose he developed after Barbara, wrote in one of his two books about her, "Through Barbara's World Peace Study Mission the survivors of the atomic bomb were introduced to the world and the anti-nuclear movement gained strength." In 1965 Barbara founded the World Friendship Center in Hiroshima so international visitors could meet hibakusha, hear their stories and discuss roads to peace.

For her humanitarian efforts helping hibakusha Barbara was given a key to the city and made an honorary citizen of Hiroshima, the second American and the first woman so honored. A monument in her honor is scheduled to be dedicated in the Peace Park (Ground Zero) in late 2010. She founded the Peace Resource Center in Wilmington, Ohio, donating to them the 3,000 books and documents she had gathered on nuclear weapons, war and peace.

Peace Pilgrimage, 1962

In 1978 Barbara moved to California and lived among refugees pouring into the United States from the Cambodian killing fields, helping them settle in their temporary country and find relief from post-traumatic stress. She spent five years persuading senators to bring Dao Phuong Mai, a young Vietnamese woman, out of Saigon with two half-American orphans whose lives Dao had saved when communists took over the orphanage where she worked. When the family, including Dao's own child, were finally permitted to come to America, Barbara housed them in her own one-bedroom apartment. For all these things, Barbara received a WonderWoman Award in 1984. She represented no organization, never received a salary and trusted God to supply all her needs.

She was born Barbara Dorrit Leonard in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the only child of Dr. Sterling Andrus Leonard, a Professor of English and Education at the University of Wisconsin and prolific author of books on English composition and literature and Minnetta Florence Sammis, an educator who evaluated the safety of new toys for children. Barbara's paternal grandmother, Eva Leonard, was a syndicated daily columnist in over 200 newspapers during World War II and later wrote advice to the lovelorn under the name Elizabeth Thompson.

Coming from a family of writers, Barbara, her husband Earle, all three of their children and two of their nine grandchildren would become published authors Books were a large part of her life and the books she read in childhood were the most formative in Barbara's attitude toward life. After reading Lucy Fitch Perkins' The Japanese Twins (1912), she played at carrying a baby on her back and eating with chopsticks. Years later, after World War II, when her husband was assigned to an American government post in Japan, she had no anti-Japanese prejudices to overcome in moving there with him, only an eager anticipation to know the people and culture firsthand. When she and Earle gravitated toward pacifism and became Quakers, it was a natural outgrowth of having read and imbibed the values of Frances Hodgson Burnett's book Editha's Burglar (1888).

Barbara was fifteen and one month from graduating when her father, 43, a popular English teacher at the University of Wisconsin, drowned in Lake Mendota. A colleague from Cambridge University, Dr. I.A. Richards , 38, had come to Madison to meet Dr. Leonard and learn more of Leonard's original perspectives on English usage. Dr. Richards had spoken at the University of Wisconsin the night before and the two were spending the afternoon canoeing together. The canoe capsized and after two hours in the cold water, Leonard lost his grip on the canoe and sank. Dr. Richards was later rescued exhausted and in shock. Dr. Leonard's death was the top story in both The (Madison, WI) Capital Times and the Chicago Daily Tribune . The failure of lifeguards on shore to see the overturned canoe and save the two professors became a local scandal, resulting in an investigation. (Dr. Leonard's body was never recovered.)

In 1935, Barbara married Earle L. Reynolds -- secretly because she was teaching at New College, Columbia, an undergraduate adjunct of Teacher's College, which forbade women teachers to marry. They were joined again in a public ceremony in 1936.

Their son Tim was born in Vicksburg, MS (1936), Ted in Madison, Wisconsin (1938) while Earle was earning his doctorate in Physical Anthropology at the University of Wisconsin. In 1943 they moved to Yellow Springs, Ohio, so Earle could work at Fels Research Institute and teach at Antioch College. Their daughter Jessica was born in Xenia in 1944.

Barbara's writing closely mirrored her family's adventures. After her first book, a murder mystery, Alias for Death, she wrote books for each of her children: Pepper, about Tim and his raccoon; Hamlet and Brownswiggle, about Ted and his hamsters; and Emily San, about an American girl living with her family in Japan. She wrote Cabin Boy and Extra Ballast about a brother and sister sailing with their family from Japan to Honolulu. After the family had sailed around the world in a yacht designed and built by her husband, Barbara switched back to adult non-fiction to co-author All in the Same Boat with him.

Earle and Barbara were at a writers' retreat when news came that the United States had dropped a uniquely devastating bomb on Hiroshima and another on Nagasaki. They remembered feeling only relief that the war was almost over. In 1951 Dr. Reynolds was sent by the Atomic Energy Commission to Hiroshima to study the effects of radiation on children exposed to the first atomic bomb. Barbara and the family went with him. They lived on an Army occupation base near Kure. During their three years there, he designed and built a 50-foot yacht, Phoenix of Hiroshima in order to realize his dream of sailing around the world. Barbara, recalling the horror of finding out that her father, who had gone canoeing for the day, had drowned, insisted Earle "build the boat big enough for all of us. I don't want to be left behind." Tim, 18, chose to go back to the States for college so Earle picked three young Japanese yachtsmen to sail with them.

In 1958, the family and one remaining crew member, Niichi (Nick) Mikami, (the other two had flown back to Japan from Panama) pulled once again up to a dock in the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor in Honolulu. After 645 days, 1222 ports and 54,000 nautical miles, Earle had realized his dream. They had sailed around the world--but they still wanted to complete the voyage in Hiroshima.

Across the dock was a 35-foot yacht, the Golden Rule, in which four Quaker men had attempted to protest American nuclear testing in the Pacific. They were arrested under an injunction put into effect while they were at sea, forbidding American citizens to enter the 390,000 square mile area of the ocean where the weapons were being tested.

In the end, the Reynolds family and Nick sailed the Phoenix into the test zone in their stead. They crossed the invisible line on July 2 and were stopped 65 miles inside the zone by the American Coast Guard ship Planetree. Dr. Earle Reynolds, as captain, was put under arrest. He was ordered to sail the Phoenix to Kwajalein, from which he, Barbara and Jessica were flown back to Honolulu by MATS plane for Earle's trial. Unable to find a third man to help Ted and Nick, who had stayed with the Phoenix, Barbara flew back to Kwajalein and the three sailed the 30-ton yacht against the wind back to Hawaii, a trip which took sixty days.

Barbara greets mother and daughter in Honolulu after 60-day sail from Marshall Islands.

Dr. Reynolds was convicted of entering the forbidden zone but after a two year appeal, during which he was never incarcerated, the conviction was overturned on a technicality and, the nuclear tests long over, the family were free to complete their circumnavigation, which made Mikami the first Japanese yachtsman to sail around the world.

On arriving in Hiroshima to an enthusiastic welcome from friends and strangers alike, the Reynolds family were surprised at the appreciation expressed by hibakusha (fire-exploded people)for their protest against nuclear weapons. Walking along a Hiroshima street one day, Barbara was stopped by a hesitant woman in full kimono. The woman pulled up her sleeve to show her gnarled keloid scars typical of atomic bomb burns. With tears in her eyes she thanked Barbara for giving her a voice to share the cry of her heart, "No More Hiroshimas," with the world. Barbara often mentioned this in talks, saying, with tears in her own eyes, "it had never occurred to us to represent anyone but ourselves."

That was a turning point for Barbara. She committed herself to speaking out against nuclear weapons and for disarmament, so that Hiroshima and Nagasaki would never again happen to anyone.

Many who had openly reacted against their unpopular anti-nuke actions had told the family, "Go tell it to the Russians!" In 1961, when the USSR resumed their own nuclear testing program, the family did. In October, they sailed to Nakhodka, as the nearest Soviet port to Vladivostok, which was iced in. They were stopped within the 12-mile limit claimed by the USSR by a Soviet Coast Guard boat. The captain and several other officers jumped aboard the Phoenix and the Reynolds family had a two-hour discussion about peace with him. Captain Ivanov would not accept the hundreds of letters from Reynolds supporters, many of them from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, begging for peace.

The family returned to Japan, feeling they had failed.

Barbara spent that cold Christmas Day in the Peace Park, at the foot of the monument to the () children killed by the A-bomb, fasting and praying for wisdom to know what to do with the hopes and entreaties of all those who looked to the Reynolds family for an end to war.

From that time of introspection, Barbara believed a survivor from Hiroshima ought to take the letters to leaders around the world. When asked why hibakusha, Barbara reportedly said, "Because they are the prophets of this present age." Offering to advance her inheritance from her mother, who had died in 1960, to cover expenses, she let a committee of Hiroshima leaders choose two survivors to represent the city. The committee chose a 29-year old woman, Miyoko Matsubara, and 18-year old student, Hiromasa (Hiro) Hanabusa. Miyoko had been 12 at the time of the bomb and had watched her best friend, her body in flames, throw herself into one of the city's rivers and disappear. Hiro had not been in the city when the bomb fell but both his parents were killed. His grandmother had raised him, carrying him on her back as she sold soap door to door. Hiro remembered his pride when at the age of four he could help support the two of them by scavenging scrap metal to sell for food.

Barbara agreed to accompany them. Over five months, the three Peace Pilgrims traveled through 13 countries, including the Soviet Union, appealing for nuclear disarmament and receiving a warm and open reception from public leaders, churches, schools and the media. During their six weeks in the United States, they spoke to 187 groups and met with many leaders in Washington D.C. and at the United Nations. In Geneva the three attended the 1962 Disarmament Conference.

In 1964 Barbara organized an even more ambitious world tour, the World Peace Study Mission. Over three months, 25 survivors from both Hiroshima and Nagasaki with 15 interpreters, visited eight countries, including all the (then) nuclear nations. Teachers went to meet with teachers, doctors with doctors and at the UN they appealed to the U.S. government to return "Hiroshima--A Documentary of Atomic Bombing," to the Japanese, who had made it. (It had been impounded and classified by the U.S. military forces soon after the occupation of Japan.)

Upon their return, Earle and Barbara divorced. Earle married his secretary, a young Japanese graduate of Hiroshima Women's College. After Barbara, in tears, shared with Hiroshima physician and friend Dr. Tomin Harada that she and Earle were divorced, Dr. Harada wrote, "For the next six months I heard nothing from her. Then in the spring of 1965 she returned to Hiroshima, once again her active, vigorous self. She reported that she had been in seclusion, reading her Bible and praying at a Zen temple on Mt. Rokko, near Kobe. The deep hurt in her heart had been healed by Jesus Christ and she was prepared for her next project, the World Friendship Center."

Since 1963 Barbara had been involved in trying to build lines of communication between hibakusha and the world. She tentatively established a "Friendship Center" in Hiroshima, a place to give orientation to foreign visitors to the city and to bring together hibakusha and others interested in various peace efforts. In 1965 a group sponsored by the Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy (SANE) came to Hiroshima for the observance of the 20th anniversary of the first atomic bomb and arrangements were made for them to stay with hibakusha families--a Hiroshima first. The World Friendship Center was formally dedicated the next day, August 7, 1965, with Barbara as Director, Dr. Harada as Chairman of a Board of ten persons who were not political and an international board of honorary sponsors, including Dr. Albert Schweitzer, who accepted in one of the last letters he wrote.

She spent the next 13 years getting to know the people who had experienced the bomb, the real experts on radiation. They lived in shacks overhanging Hiroshima's seven rivers. They were self-conscious about their scars and never appeared in public during the day, ostracized by newcomers to the city who wanted to forget the past. Many had disfigurements or compromised immune systems which prevented them from getting or keeping jobs. Barbara developed "Hibakusha Handicrafts," finding people to teach them to make simple coin purses and other things which she would bring to the States to sell for them. She often visited the Hiroshima A-Bomb Hospital where the survivors were still succumbing to lethal radiation sickness years after the war had ended. When one hibakusha died with no family member left to bury him, Barbara went to the mortuary and with long ceremonial chopsticks moved pieces of his cremated bones to an urn for burial.

Upon the death of Hiro Hanabusa's grandmother, Barbara adopted him and put him through college in the States. An orphan and a survivor of Hiroshima, Hiro's prospects for marriage were slight. Barbara went to bat for him, negotiating with the parents of Atsuko (), to arrange a marriage for Hiro with the woman he loved. Her parents accepted on the condition that he take their family name (they had no sons) and become a dental surgeon, which he did. Hiro, himself an orphan, fathered seven children.

Hiro, now Dr. Hiromasa (Hanabusa?) helped Barbara translate an important book into English. The first was Testimony of Hiroshima, an anthology of selections from primary sources in all areas of the 1945-1970 Hiroshima experiences, sociological, psychological, first person accounts of the ages, the orphans, the reconstruction of the city, the peace movement, peace education, etc. Another important work Barbara had translated, this time by four bi-lingual young people over a period of one year, was a bibliography of the more than 350 titles in Japanese which had been donated to Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In addition to the bibliography, the group translated three other books from the Japanese. Efforts to find U.S. publishers for these significant collections have not succeeded to date. (Check)

In 1969 Barbara was presented with a key to the city of Hiroshima and in 1975 she was made an honorary citizen by Mayor Araki, the first woman so honored and only the second American, the first being Norman Cousins for raising the funds to bring 25 "Hiroshima Maidens" to the States for surgery for their severe injuries from the atomic bomb.

In August 1975, she found a home for the 3,000 books and documents she had gathered regarding Hiroshima, Nagasaki, nuclear weapons and peace in both Japanese and English. During an academic symposium, "Hiroshima and Nagasaki After Thirty Years" on the Wilmington (Ohio) College campus in August, 1975, the Hiroshima Nagasaki Memorial Collection was inaugurated. It is the largest collection of materials related to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki outside of Japan.

The World Friendship Center was now under Japanese management, with American couples from Mennonite and other peace-focused churches in the States serving as unpaid directors/hosts for two-year terms. As of 2010, it has housed (thousand) people from all over the world.

Barbara moved to Long Beach, California in 1978 to be near her daughter's family. Almost immediately she was caught up in the needs of (thousands of) Cambodian refugees fleeing the "killing fields" of Pol Pot. She helped them get settled in what they hoped would be their temporary country, finding them apartments, jobs, schooling and giving them moral support. When one mother died, leaving her young family stunned with grief and unable to read or deal with the requirements for release of the body, Barbara helped them fill out the paperwork and make all necessary arrangements. She arranged for them to spend time with their mother before the body was removed and even loaned them her own lipstick to touch up the corpse.

Barbara with adopted Vietnamese family: Dao Phuong Mai and children Ahn (Annie), Diep and Yen (Jenny) c. 1983

During this time she was also working to get a young Vietnamese woman, Mai Phuong Dao, out of Ho Chi Minh City. As a child, "the left side of (Dao's) face had been torn off by a (French) bomb and her upper and lower lips and her jaws were fused together so the she could not open her mouth. Three teeth had been removed ... so that she could be fed liquids." In 1967 Barbara had met Dao in Hiroshima, where Dr. Harada performed five life-changing operations on her face, enabling her to open her mouth, eat solids and talk again. Dao returned to her job in an orphanage in Ho Chi Minh but when the American troops pulled out, the Viet Cong entered the city and took over the orphanage as a military barracks. Dao, fearing for the lives of the five half-American orphans, took two of them into her own home, with a baby of her own.

Barbara began appealing to senators and congressmen to make it possible for Dao and these orphans could be brought to the States. Cutting red tape took from 1978 until 1983 but Barbara doggedly kept at it until Dao and the children received exit visas. She arranged their flight to their new country, met them at the Los Angeles airport and, without any common language, took all four into her own one-bedroom apartment for a year, until they were able to move to a place of their own. She got the children into school and arranged with a thrift shop to hire Dao and let her help support herself with a sewing business on the side.

Indignant at having to pay taxes for war, Barbara deliberately lived below the poverty level so she wouldn't owe taxes. She vowed she would never have an easier life than the survivors of the bomb had, nor than the Cambodian refugees around her from the war in South-East Asia.

Barbara received one of 15 Wonder Woman awards in 1984. Fifteen women, all over 40, were chosen for trying to right wrongs "people don't want to talk about," according to Koryne Horbal, Executive Director of the Wonder Woman Foundation, a non-profit organization founded in 1981. "They are role models for the next generation, they are living history."

She was taken suddenly by cardiac arrest in the presence of her son Ted during an extended visit to Wilmington, Ohio. Memorial services were held in Wilmington, in Long Beach, in Philadelphia and in Hiroshima. Every Japanese TV network and major newspaper covered her life and passing. NHK-TV covered the memorial service in Long Beach. Dr. Tomin Harada, the doctor who performed surgery on Mai Phuong Dao and who had developed the "Barbara" rose in her honor, attended the service in California with his wife. He wrote afterwards, "Her obituary in the Los Angeles Times was smaller than those carried in Japanese newspapers. Although the American people are known for their generosity, it seemed that they had not understood Barbara." When he returned to Hiroshima, he organized a memorial service to her there.

Design (by Hiromu Morishita) of proposed monument to Barbara Reynolds

Since her passing, her children's book Emily San has been translated and published in Japanese. Survivors have designed a monument in Barbara's honor, featuring her statement, "I, too, am a hibakusha." They hope to have it erected in the Hiroshima Peace Park (Ground Zero) and dedicated when funds become available.

References

BOOKS BY BARBARA LEONARD REYNOLDS:

Adult Fiction: Alias for Death (mystery). New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1950 and Frederick Muller Ltd, London.

Children's Fiction: Pepper. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1952. (Jr. Literary Guild selection)

Hamlet and Brownswiggle. Ibid, 1954. (Jr. Literary Guild selection)

Emily San. Ibid, 1955. (Also published in Japanese translation by Chugoku Shimbun, 1995.)

Cabin Boy and Extra Ballast. Ibid, 1958.

Adult Non-fiction: (with Earle Reynolds), All in the Same Boat. New York: David McKay Co., Inc, 1962.

The Story of Leopons (with Dr. Hiroyuki Doi). New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1967.

The Phoenix and the Dove. Japan: Nagasaki Appeal Committee, 1986. Barbara's personal spiritual journey.

Cry to Your Heart's Content (unpublished)

Dear My Mother (unpublished)

Upwind (unpublished)

A Walk Through the Peace Park (unpublished)

CHAPTERS BY BARBARA IN BOOKS BY OTHERS: "Sailing into Test Waters," in Reweaving the Web of Life: Feminism and Nonviolence, ed. by Pam McAllister. New Society Publishers, 1982.

Quoted extensively in "The King's Treasury," in Something More by Catherine Marshall. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1974.

Reynolds, Barbara, with Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "A Little Toad Shall Lead Them?" Quaker Life, June, 1991.

Articles by Barbara in (magazines) Parents Magazine, Woman's Day, Christian Century, The Asian-American Journey, Friends Journal, Quaker Life, Mature Years, The Dial, The Rainbow Generation and (newspapers) Long Beach (CA) Press-Telegram, Mainichi Daily News (Japan).

BOOKS AND ARTICLES ABOUT BARBARA:

Harada, Tomin, MD. Moments of Peace: Two Honorary Hiroshimans: Barbara Reynolds and Norman Cousins. Garvier Products Co., Ltd. Hiroshima, 1998. (Translated by Robert L. Ramseyer)

Linner, Rachelle Linner. "The Symbolic American: Barbara Reynolds," in City of Silence: Listening to Hiroshima. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1995.

Mehren, "Winners of Wonder Woman Awards: Profiles in Courage." Los Angeles Times, Nov. 15, 1984.

Parrish, Beth. "Barbara Reynolds: Friend of the Hibakusha," in Lives That Speak: Stories of Twentieth-Century Quakers. Quaker Press of Friends General Conference, 2004

Sherman, Kris. "Longtime pacifist: Spotlight has dimmed, but Barbara Reynolds still working for peace in her own quiet way," Independent Press-Telegram (Long Beach, CA) Dec. 12, 1979

Totten, Sam and Totten, Martha Wescoat. "Barbara Reynolds," in Facing the Danger: Interviews with Twenty Anti-Nuclear Activists. Trumansburg, New York: The Crossing Press, 1984.

BOOKS ABOUT BARBARA IN JAPANESE:

Harada, Tomin, MD. Moments of Peace. Two Honorary Hiroshimans: Barbara Reynolds and Norman Cousins. Keiso-shobo Publishers, 1994.

Kotani, Mizuhoko. Pilgrimage to Hiroshima. Chikuma-shobo Publishers, 1995.

Harada, Tomin, MD. Haha-to-Kodemiru (A6): Hiroshima-ni-Ikite, Aru Geka i no Kaiso (Meditations of a Surgeon), (Publisher?),1999.

Yamakawa, Takeshi. Kibo-o-Katari, Kibo-o-Manabu: Korekara-no Heiwa Kyoiku (Talking Hope, Learning Hope). Kai-sho-sha Publishers, 2005.

BOOKS AND ARTICLES REGARDING BARBARA BY REYNOLDS FAMILY:

Reynolds, Earle. "We Crossed the Pacific the Hard Way," Saturday Evening Post, May 7, 14 and 21, 1955.

Reynolds, Jessica, Jessica's Journal. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1958. Eleven-year old's diary account of sailing from Hawaii to New Zealand in the Phoenix.

Reynolds, Earle, "The Forbidden Voyage," The Nation, 15 Nov. 1958.

Reynolds, Ted. "Voyage of Protest," Scribble, Winter, 1959.

Reynolds, Earle, The Forbidden Voyage. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1961. Non-fiction. The Reynolds family's protest voyage against American nuclear testing in the Pacific and aftermath, 1958-1960.

Reynolds, Jessica. To Russia with Love (Japanese translation). Tokyo: Chas. E. Tuttle Co., 1962. The Reynolds family's protest voyage against Soviet nuclear testing in the U.S.S.R.

Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "After the flood, a mission to 'rescue' Dad," (Long Beach, CA) Press-Telegram, Jan. 14, 1982.

Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "Healing Wounds and Playing Games," Moody Magazine, Feb. 1982.

Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "Let us spare children our nuclear fears," (Long Beach, CA) Press-Telegram, Dec. 1, 1983.

Reynolds, Jessica Shaver (sic). "Amer-Asians: a call for compassion," Long Beach (CA) Press-Telegram, Oct. 21, 1984.

Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "IRS quietly moves on a white-haired woman of peace," Long Beach (CA) Press-Telegram, Aug. 13, 1986.

Shaver, Jessica. "To the man who mugged my mother," The Orange County Register, Mar. 17, 1988.

Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "An Education I Wouldn't Trade," Home Education Magazine, May-June, 1991.

Shaver, Jessica Reynolds (with Barbara Reynolds). "A Little Toad Shall Lead Them?" Quaker Life, June 1991.

Shaver, Jessica. "Breaking the Bitterness Barrier," Friends Journal, August 1991.

Shaver, Jessica Reynolds. "Hiroshima: August 6, 1990 in memory of my mother" (poem), Japan Times, May 2, 1995.

Shaver, Jessica. "Growing up in Hiroshima," The Orange County Register, Aug. 6, 1995.

Renshaw, Jessica Shaver, New Every Morning. Enumclaw, WA: Pleasant Word 2006.

Reynolds, Jessica. To Russia with Love (English original): Wilmington, OH: Peace Resource Center, Wilmington College, due out in 2010.

External links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle_L._Reynolds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_of_Hiroshima

Peace Monuments, Japan http://peace.maripo.com

World Friendship Center, (Hiroshima, Japan) was founded on August 6th, 1965 (exactly 20 years after the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima), by Barbara Reynolds, to provide a place ... http://wfchiroshima.net/

Peace Resource Center, Wilmington College, Wilmington, OH was founded by Barbara Reynolds in August 1975 to house the largest collection of materials related to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki outside of Japan and to teach peace skills to new generations. http://drcdev.ohiolink.edu/handle/123456789/8331

In Pursuit of Peace: An Exhibit from the Earle and Akie Reynolds Collection. "It is not only the story of Earle and Akie Reynolds, but also of Barbara. . . www.clrn.org/weblinks/details.cfm?id=2101

1954-1964 letters, newspaper clippings, brochures, postcards, from Earle & Barbara Reynolds & family including information on the Yacht Phoenix and the Hiroshima-Nagasaki World Peace Study Mission (Folder 47)

Swarthmore College Peace Collection: Committee for Non-Violent Actions Records, 1958-1968 http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/DG001-025/dg017/dg017cnvamain.htm

1915 births 1990 deaths American author, children's books, Literary Guild selections humanitarian Quaker peace activist Organizer and leader, Peace Pilgrimage, 1962 Organizer and leader, World Peace Study Mission, 1964 Founder, World Friendship Center, Hiroshima Founder, Peace Resource Center, Wilmington College, OH Crew, Phoenix of Hiroshima Recipient, WonderWoman Award, 1984 Coming from a family of writers, Barbara's first book was a mystery, Alias for Death, her next four were children's books as her family grew to include Tim (1936), Ted (1938) and Jessica (1944).