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A '''[[nitrocellulose]] slide''' (or nitrocellulose film slide) is a [[biochemical]] research tool that is used to bind biological material, often [[protein]], for colorimetric and fluorescence detection assays. For this purpose, a nitrocellulose slide is generally considered to be superior to glass, because it binds a great deal more protein, and protects the [[tertiary structure]] of the protein (and other biological material, ie: cells). Typically, nitrocellulose slides have a thin, opaque film of nitrocellulose on a standard 25mm x 75 mm glass [[microscope slide]]. The film is extremely sensitive to contact, and to foreign material; contact causes deformation and deposition of material, especially liquids. Various configurations of the film are available.
A '''[[nitrocellulose]] slide''' (or nitrocellulose film slide) is a [[biochemical]] research tool that is used to bind biological material, often [[protein]], for colorimetric and fluorescence detection assays. For this purpose, a nitrocellulose slide is generally considered to be superior to glass, because it binds a great deal more protein, and protects the [[tertiary structure]] of the protein (and other biological material, ie: cells). Typically, nitrocellulose slides have a thin, opaque film of nitrocellulose on a standard 25mm x 75 mm glass [[microscope slide]]. The film is extremely sensitive to contact, and to foreign material; contact causes deformation and deposition of material, especially liquids. Various configurations of the film are available.


Due to their high surface roughness, conventional white nitrocellulose films scatter and reflect large amounts of excitation and emission light during the fluorescence detection in the microarray scanner. In addition, nitrocellulose exhibits a natural autofluorescence at the detection wavelengths commonly used.<ref name=Wang2009>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Wang |date=23 December 2009 |title=Re: (microarray-group) Re: arrays for protein arrays |url=http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/microarray/message/19932 |work=Yahoo microarray Group |accessdate=03 January 2010}}</ref> Both these factors lead to a high background fluorescent signal from these membrane slides. To overcome this problem, a new process has been developed to generate black membranes that absorb the scattered light, significantly reducing the background auto-fluorescence and thus offering a very low and homogenous auto-fluorescence to achieve a significantly improved dynamic range.<ref name=Hollas2006>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.055 |title=New 3D black substrate for protein microarrays with improved dynamic range |year=2006 |last1=Hollas |first1=M |last2=Jallerat |first2=E |last3=Pflanz |first3=K |last4=Praulich |first4=I |last5=Walter |first5=J |last6=Stahl |first6=F |last7=Scheper |first7=T |journal=Desalination |volume=199 |pages=230}}</ref> These slides are commercially available through [[Schott AG]].<ref name=NexterionSept2007>{{cite journal |title=SCHOTT Partners with Sartorius Stedim Biotech to Develop New Range of Nitrocellulose Coated Slides for Protein Microarrays |url=http://www.us.schott.com/nexterion/english/download/newsletter_september_2007_us.pdf |journal=The Nexterion® Newsletter |volume=3 |month=September |year=2007 |pages=4–5}}{{Self-published inline|date=December 2009}}</ref>. Nevertheless, conventional white nitrocellulose films continue to be the dominant surface for many protein microarray applications because the claims above have not proved relevant to end user requirements. Regardless, nitrocellulose slide manufacturers like [[Grace Bio-Labs]] continue to develop new nitrocellulose surfaces to further optimize their use in protein microarrays.
Due to their high surface roughness, conventional white nitrocellulose films scatter and reflect large amounts of excitation and emission light during the fluorescence detection in the microarray scanner. In addition, nitrocellulose exhibits a natural autofluorescence at the detection wavelengths commonly used.<ref name=Wang2009>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Wang |date=23 December 2009 |title=Re: (microarray-group) Re: arrays for protein arrays |url=http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/microarray/message/19932 |work=Yahoo microarray Group |accessdate=3 January 2010}}</ref> Both these factors lead to a high background fluorescent signal from these membrane slides. To overcome this problem, a new process has been developed to generate black membranes that absorb the scattered light, significantly reducing the background auto-fluorescence and thus offering a very low and homogenous auto-fluorescence to achieve a significantly improved dynamic range.<ref name=Hollas2006>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.055 |title=New 3D black substrate for protein microarrays with improved dynamic range |year=2006 |last1=Hollas |first1=M |last2=Jallerat |first2=E |last3=Pflanz |first3=K |last4=Praulich |first4=I |last5=Walter |first5=J |last6=Stahl |first6=F |last7=Scheper |first7=T |journal=Desalination |volume=199 |pages=230}}</ref> These slides are commercially available through [[Schott AG]].<ref name=NexterionSept2007>{{cite journal |title=SCHOTT Partners with Sartorius Stedim Biotech to Develop New Range of Nitrocellulose Coated Slides for Protein Microarrays |url=http://www.us.schott.com/nexterion/english/download/newsletter_september_2007_us.pdf |journal=The Nexterion® Newsletter |volume=3 |month=September |year=2007 |pages=4–5}}{{Self-published inline|date=December 2009}}</ref>. Nevertheless, conventional white nitrocellulose films continue to be the dominant surface for many protein microarray applications because the claims above have not proved relevant to end user requirements. Regardless, nitrocellulose slide manufacturers like [[Grace Bio-Labs]] continue to develop new nitrocellulose surfaces to further optimize their use in protein microarrays.


Note that a nitrocellulose slide is subtly different than a nitrocellulose membrane, which usually filters protein from solution (ie: physician's office [[pregnancy test]]s), but that it serves a similar goal: to detect the presence and/or concentration level of certain biological material.
Note that a nitrocellulose slide is subtly different than a nitrocellulose membrane, which usually filters protein from solution (ie: physician's office [[pregnancy test]]s), but that it serves a similar goal: to detect the presence and/or concentration level of certain biological material.
Nitrocellulose slides are being used mainly in [[proteomics]] to do [[protein microarray]]s with automated systems that print the slides and record results. Microarrays of cell analytes, arrays of [[cell lysate]], [[antibody]] microarrays, tissue printing,<ref name=pmid1718329>{{cite journal |author=McGrath CM, Grudzien JL, Decker DA, Robbins TO |title=Cytometrically coherent transfer of receptor proteins on microporous membranes |journal=BioTechniques |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=352–4, 356, 358–61 |year=1991 |month=September |pmid=1718329}}</ref><ref name=McGrath1995>{{cite journal |author=McGrath CM, Grudzien JL, Levine AJ |title=High-Definition Cell Analysis In Situ Using Microporous Films |journal=Cell Vision |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=499–509 |year=1995 |issn=1073-1180}}</ref> immunoarrays, etc. are also possible with the slide.
Nitrocellulose slides are being used mainly in [[proteomics]] to do [[protein microarray]]s with automated systems that print the slides and record results. Microarrays of cell analytes, arrays of [[cell lysate]], [[antibody]] microarrays, tissue printing,<ref name=pmid1718329>{{cite journal |author=McGrath CM, Grudzien JL, Decker DA, Robbins TO |title=Cytometrically coherent transfer of receptor proteins on microporous membranes |journal=BioTechniques |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=352–4, 356, 358–61 |year=1991 |month=September |pmid=1718329}}</ref><ref name=McGrath1995>{{cite journal |author=McGrath CM, Grudzien JL, Levine AJ |title=High-Definition Cell Analysis In Situ Using Microporous Films |journal=Cell Vision |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=499–509 |year=1995 |issn=1073-1180}}</ref> immunoarrays, etc. are also possible with the slide.


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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |title=Assay: Protein Microarrays on Nitrocellulose Slides |journal=Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News |volume=26 |issue=2 |date=15 January 2006 |url=http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chtitem.aspx?tid=1242&chid=1}}
*{{cite journal |title=Assay: Protein Microarrays on Nitrocellulose Slides |journal=Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News |volume=26 |issue=2 |date=15 January 2006 |url=http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chtitem.aspx?tid=1242&chid=1}}
{{Uncategorized|date=April 2010}}

Revision as of 12:09, 29 April 2010

A nitrocellulose slide (or nitrocellulose film slide) is a biochemical research tool that is used to bind biological material, often protein, for colorimetric and fluorescence detection assays. For this purpose, a nitrocellulose slide is generally considered to be superior to glass, because it binds a great deal more protein, and protects the tertiary structure of the protein (and other biological material, ie: cells). Typically, nitrocellulose slides have a thin, opaque film of nitrocellulose on a standard 25mm x 75 mm glass microscope slide. The film is extremely sensitive to contact, and to foreign material; contact causes deformation and deposition of material, especially liquids. Various configurations of the film are available.

Due to their high surface roughness, conventional white nitrocellulose films scatter and reflect large amounts of excitation and emission light during the fluorescence detection in the microarray scanner. In addition, nitrocellulose exhibits a natural autofluorescence at the detection wavelengths commonly used.[1] Both these factors lead to a high background fluorescent signal from these membrane slides. To overcome this problem, a new process has been developed to generate black membranes that absorb the scattered light, significantly reducing the background auto-fluorescence and thus offering a very low and homogenous auto-fluorescence to achieve a significantly improved dynamic range.[2] These slides are commercially available through Schott AG.[3]. Nevertheless, conventional white nitrocellulose films continue to be the dominant surface for many protein microarray applications because the claims above have not proved relevant to end user requirements. Regardless, nitrocellulose slide manufacturers like Grace Bio-Labs continue to develop new nitrocellulose surfaces to further optimize their use in protein microarrays.

Note that a nitrocellulose slide is subtly different than a nitrocellulose membrane, which usually filters protein from solution (ie: physician's office pregnancy tests), but that it serves a similar goal: to detect the presence and/or concentration level of certain biological material. Nitrocellulose slides are being used mainly in proteomics to do protein microarrays with automated systems that print the slides and record results. Microarrays of cell analytes, arrays of cell lysate, antibody microarrays, tissue printing,[4][5] immunoarrays, etc. are also possible with the slide.

Nitrocellulose coated glass slides that are suitable for protein microarray applications are available from a number of commercial vendors.[6]

References

  1. ^ Wang, Frank (23 December 2009). "Re: (microarray-group) Re: arrays for protein arrays". Yahoo microarray Group. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  2. ^ Hollas, M; Jallerat, E; Pflanz, K; Praulich, I; Walter, J; Stahl, F; Scheper, T (2006). "New 3D black substrate for protein microarrays with improved dynamic range". Desalination. 199: 230. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.055.
  3. ^ "SCHOTT Partners with Sartorius Stedim Biotech to Develop New Range of Nitrocellulose Coated Slides for Protein Microarrays" (PDF). The Nexterion® Newsletter. 3: 4–5. 2007. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)[self-published source?]
  4. ^ McGrath CM, Grudzien JL, Decker DA, Robbins TO (1991). "Cytometrically coherent transfer of receptor proteins on microporous membranes". BioTechniques. 11 (3): 352–4, 356, 358–61. PMID 1718329. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ McGrath CM, Grudzien JL, Levine AJ (1995). "High-Definition Cell Analysis In Situ Using Microporous Films". Cell Vision. 11 (3): 499–509. ISSN 1073-1180.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Fong, Tony (20 September 2007). "Schott Across the Bow– New Nitrocellulose Slides to Challenge Whatman's Dominance". ProteoMonitor. Retrieved 22 December 2009.

Further reading

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