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| [[Bell 206|Bell TH-67A Creek]] || {{USA}} || Utility Helicopter || 30 ||
| [[Bell 206|Bell TH-67A Creek]] || {{USA}} || Utility Helicopter || 30 ||
|-----
|-----
| [[UH-1 Iroquois|AIDC UH-1H Iroquois]] || {{TWN}} || Utility Helicopter || Less than 40 || 118 built under licence by AIDC
| [[UH-1 Iroquois|AIDC UH-1H Iroquois]] || {{TWN}} || Utility Helicopter || Fewer than 40 || 118 built under licence by AIDC
|-----
|-----
| [[Sikorsky UH-60|UH-60M Black Hawk]] || {{USA}} || Untility Helicopter || 60 || Announced/Order
| [[Sikorsky UH-60|UH-60M Black Hawk]] || {{USA}} || Untility Helicopter || 60 || Announced/Order

Revision as of 22:57, 29 April 2010

Template:ROC Army

The Republic of China Army (中華民國陸軍; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Lùjūn) is the largest branch of the armed forces of the Republic of China (Taiwan). An estimated 80% of the ROC Army is located on Taiwan, while the remainder are stationed on the smaller islands of Kinmen, Matsu and Penghu.

As the final line of defense against a possible invasion by the People's Republic of China, the primary focus is on defense and counterattack against amphibious assault and urban warfare.

Organization

Republic of China Army
ROC Army Flag
Active1924-present
CountryTaiwan Republic of China
Size130,000 (2008 est.)
Insignia
InsigniaInsignia of the ROC Army

The ROC Army's current operational strength includes 3 armies, 5 corps. As of 2005, the Army's 35 brigades include 25 infantry brigades, 5 armoured brigades and 3 mechanized infantry brigades.[1][2][3] All infantry brigades stood down and transferred to Reserve Command after 2005.

This update reflects the ROCA ORBAT at the conclusion of the Jinjing Restructuring Plan in 2008.

A new type of units called defense team (守備隊) is being introduced. These are formed using remaining elements of de-established brigades under each area defense commands. The strength of a defense team may vary from one or more reinforced battalions, making it roughly equal to a regiment. The team CO is usually a full colonel.[4]

  • Army General Headquarters (陸軍司令部)
The ROC Army GHQ is headed by a 3-star general and is responsible for overall command of all ROC Army assets. Army GHQ is subordinate to the General Staff (military), the Minister of Defense (civilian) and the ROC President.
  • Internal Units: Personnel, Combat Readiness & Training, Logistics, Planning, Communications, Electronics & Information, General Affairs, Comptroller, Inspector General, Political Warfare.
  • Aviation and Special Forces Command (航空特戰指揮部)
  • 601 Air Calvary Brigade
  • 602 Air Calvary Brigade
  • 603 Air Calvary Brigade
  • Special Operation Command
  • 862 Special Operation Group
  • 871 Special Operation Group
  • 6th Army Corps (第六軍團司令部): Northern Taiwan
  • 269 Mechanized Infantry Brigade
  • 542 Armor Brigade
  • 584 Armor Brigade
  • 21 Artillery Command
  • 53 Engineer Group
  • 73 Signals Group
  • 33 Chemical Warfare Group
  • 8th Army Corps (第八軍團司令部): Southern Taiwan
  • 298 Mechanized Infantry Brigade
  • 564 Armor Brigade
  • 43 Artillery Command
  • 54 Engineer Group
  • 39 Chemical Warfare Group
ROC Military Police Special Forces disembarking from a UH-1H helicopter from the ROC Army 602nd Air Cavalry Brigade during a counter-terrorism exercise.
  • 10th Army Corps (第十軍團司令部): Central Taiwan
  • 200 Mechanized Infantry Brigade
  • 586 Armor Brigade
  • 58 Artillery Command
  • 52 Engineer Group
  • 36 Chemical Warfare Group
  • 74 Signals Group
  • Hua-Tung Defense Command (花東防衛司令部): Eastern Taiwan
  • Hualien (花蓮) Defense Team
  • Taitung (台東) Area Command
  • Kinmen Defense Command (金門防衛司令部)
  • Jindong (金東, Kinmen East) Defense Team
  • Jinshih (金西, Kinmen West) Defense Team
  • Shihyu (獅嶼) Defense Team
  • Artillery Group
  • Penghu Defense Command (澎湖防衛司令部)
  • Golden (高登) Defense Team
  • Matsu Defense Command (馬祖防衛司令部)
  • Beigao (北高) Defense Team
  • Juguang (莒光) Defense Team
  • Tungyin Defense Command (東引防衛司令部)
  • Tungyin (東引) Area Command
  • Armed Force Reserve Command (後備軍人司令部)
  • 9 active infantry brigades, 24 Reserve brigades (Activated only in time of war)
  • Logistics Command (後勤司令部)
  • Education, Training and Doctorine Command (教育訓練暨準則發展司令部)
  • Republic of China Military Academy, Training & Command Schools, Chemical Warfare Corps, Engineering Corps, Arsenal Development.

ROC Army's former Army Missile Command was transferred to ROC Air Force.

History

A soldier in ceremonial dress stands guard at the National Martyrs Shrine in Taipei.

The Republic of China Army was founded as the National Revolutionary Army, the armed wing of Sun Yat-sen's KMT in 1924. It participated in the Northern Expedition, the Second Sino-Japanese War (during World War II) and the Chinese Civil War before withdrawing with the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949. After 1949, the ROC Army has participated in combat operations on Kinmen and the Dachen Archipelago against the PLA in the Battle of Kuningtou, and in the First and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. In addition to these major conflicts, ROCA commandos were regularly sent to raid the Fujianese coast. Until the 1970s, the stated mission of the Army was to retake the Mainland from the People's Republic of China. Following the lifting of martial law in 1988 and the democratization of the 1990s, the mission of the ROC Army has been shifted to the defense of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu from a PLA invasion.

With the downsizing of ROC armed forces in recent years, the Army has endured the largest number of cutbacks as ROC military doctrine has begun to emphasize the importance of offshore engagement with the Navy and Air Force; subsequent to this shift in emphasis, the ROC Navy and Air Force have taken precedence over the ROC Army in defense doctrine and weapons' procurement.[5] Recent short term goals in the Army include acquisition and development of joint C2 systems, advanced attack helicopters and armored vehicles, MLRS and field air defense systems. The Army is also in the process of transitioning to an all volunteer force.[3]

Equipment

An ROCA M60A3 Main Battle Tank.
The CM-32 Armoured Vehicle, currently under production (mobile-gun platform variant is shown).

From the 1990s onwards, the Republic of China Army launched several upgrade programmes to replace out-dated equipment with cutting-edge state of the art advanced weapons, also increasing its emphasis on forces that could be rapidly deployed and were suited for combat in Taiwan's heavily urbanized environment. Orders were placed with the United States for M60A3 Patton tanks, M109A6 "Paladin" howitzers and AH-1W SuperCobra attack helicopters, as well as updating existing equipment.

Along with the other ROC military branches, the ROC Army has extensive experience in the construction and utilization of underground tunnels and bases gained during the People's Republic of China's bombardments of Kinmen and Matsu during the Cold War and many facilities are rumoured to be located underground in undisclosed locations.

In July 2007 it was reported that the ROC Army would request the purchase of 30 AH-64D Apache Longbow attack helicopters from in the 2008 defence budget.[6] The 2008 defense budget also listed a request for 60 UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters as a partial replacement for the UH-1Hs currently in service.[7] It has been reported that the ROC Army will seek new third generation main battle tanks, as the M60A3s are aging. The possible tanks under consideration are the US M1A2, UK Challenger, German Leopard 2A6, French Le Clerc and the Israeli Merkava. However it is expected to procure the US M1A2 due to closer military ties.[1]

The U.S. government announced on October 3 that it plans to sell $6.5 billion dollars worth of arms to Taiwan ending the freeze of arms sales to Taiwan. Amongst other things, the plans include $2.532 billion dollars worth of 30 AH-64D Apache Longbow Block III Attack helicopters with night-vision sensors, radar, 173 Stinger Block I air-to-air missiles and 1000 AGM-114L Hellfire missiles.[8] and 182 Javelin missiles will also be available with 20 Javelin command launchers and is estimated to cost $47 million.[9][10]

1-29-2010, US government announced 5 notifications to US Congress for arms sales to Taiwan. Of the total 6.392 billion US dollars in the 5 announcements, ROC Army will received 60 UH-60M and other related things for cost of 3.1 Billion.[11]

Armoured Vehicles

Template:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Vehicle ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |----- | M60A3 TTS ||  United States || MBT || 480 || |----- | CM-11 (M48H) ||  Taiwan || MBT || 450 || Assembled in Taiwan 1988-1994. Some transferred to ROCMC |----- | CM-12 ||  Taiwan || MBT || 250 || Modified in Taiwan from M48A3[12] |----- | M48A3 ||  Taiwan || MBT || 50 || Received 309 M48A1/A2 in 1970s, modified in Taiwan to M48A3, 250 upgraded to CM12 standard[13] |----- | M41 ||  United States || Light Tank || 775 || 50 M41D Modified in Taiwan, some M41 are in used by ROCMC |----- | CM-32 ||  Taiwan || Eight-Wheeled APC || 600 || In production |-----

| CM-21 ||  Taiwan || M113 APC Variant || 1000+ || Various variants produced from 1982 to 2009. CM-21/A1 personnel carrier

CM-22 mortar carrier for 107mm/120mm mortar(similar to M106)

CM-23 mortar carrier for 81mm mortar(similar to M125)

CM-24/A1 ammo carrier, can carry either 90 rounds of 155mm or 42 rounds 203mm

CM-25 TOW launcher

CM-26 Command Track(similar to M577)

CM-27/A1 Recovery

|----- | M113 ||  United States || Tracked APC || 650 || Various variants, including personnel carrier, mortar carrier, ammo carrier, TOW launcher(retired), command and recovery [14] |----- | V-150S ||  United States || Amphibious APC || 300 || |----- | AM General Humvee ||  United States || General Purpose Armoured Vehicle || 2,000-2,500 || Various variants, including to carry local made machine guns and TOW 2A launchers, and others. |}

Artillery

Template:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Vehicle ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service |----- | M110 ||  United States || 203 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer || 60 |----- | M109A2/A5 ||  United States || 155 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer, some transferred to ROCMC || 197/28[15] |----- | M108 ||  United States || 105 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer || 225[16] |----- | M115 ||  United States || 203 mm Towed Howitzer || 90[17] |----- | M59 "Long Tom" ||  United States || 155 mm Towed Howitzer || 390[18] |----- | M101 ||  United States || 105 mm Towed Howitzer || 650 |----- | M1 ||  United States || 240mm Fixed/Towed Howitzer || 30+, stationed in Kinman/Quemoy and Matsu |----- | Kung Feng VI ||  Taiwan || 117 mm Tracked MRL || |----- | Thunderbolt-2000 ||  Taiwan || Wheeled MRL || 57 ordered |}

Helicopters

Template:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service[3][19] ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |----- | Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow Block III ||  United States || Attack Helicopter || 30 || On order |----- | Bell AH-1W SuperCobra ||  United States || Attack Helicopter || 62 || |----- | Boeing CH-47SD Chinook ||  United States || Transport Helicopter || 9 || |----- | Bell OH-58D Kiowa ||  United States || Observer/Light Attack Helicopter || 39 || |----- | Bell TH-67A Creek ||  United States || Utility Helicopter || 30 || |----- | AIDC UH-1H Iroquois ||  Taiwan || Utility Helicopter || Fewer than 40 || 118 built under licence by AIDC |----- | UH-60M Black Hawk ||  United States || Untility Helicopter || 60 || Announced/Order |}

Anti-Air Weapons

Template:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Platform ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |----- | M1097 Avenger ||  United States || Short-Range Air Defense || 74 || In service with Northern and Central Army Group only, came with 1299 Stingers purchased in the same deal [20] |----- | FIM-92 Stinger ||  United States || Dual Mounted (not shoulder-launched) SAM ||116 || 55 Stinger DMS launchers with 465 RMP rounds, from US Army stockpile and rebuilt/refurbished, sold to Taiwan May 1996 for 80 million.[21] 61 Stinger DMS launchers with 728 rounds, delivered between 1996 and 1998 for 180 million, some transferred to ROCMC [22] |----- | FIM-92 Stinger ||  United States || Air to Air SAM ||173 || Block I, ordered for AH-64D Block III APACHE Longbow Attack Helicopters[23] |----- | MIM-72/M48 Chaparral ||  United States || Tracked short range SAM || 40 || In service with Southern Army Group only. With 646 rounds of MIM-72F and 302 rounds of MIM-72E/G/J [24] |----- | AIM-9 Sidewinder ||  United States || Air to Air || 300 || AIM-9S. Carry by AH-1W[25] |- |}

Anti-Tank Weapons

Template:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Platform ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |----- |M72 LAW||  United States|| Rocket-Propelled Grenade || || |----- |Type 66||  Taiwan|| Rocket-Propelled Grenade || || |----- |M136||  United States|| Anti-Tank Weapon|| || |----- |APILAS|| France|| Anti-Tank Weapon||1,000 ||Over 1,000 delivered by 1998 |----- | FGM-148 Javelin ||  United States|| Anti-Tank Guided Missile || 360 and 40 launchers || 182 with 20 launchers on order |----- | BGM-71 TOW-2A/B ||  United States || Anti-Tank Guided Missile || 3,100+ rounds and 163+ launchers[26] || |----- | Hellfire AGM-114C ||  United States || Anti-Tank Guided Missile || 684 || Carry by AH-1W and OH-58D[27] |----- | Hellfire AGM-114K3 ||  United States || Anti-Tank Guided Missile || 240 || Carry by AH-1W and OH-58D since 1999 |----- | Hellfire AGM-114M3 ||  United States || Anti-Tank Guided Missile || 449 || Carry by AH-1W and OH-58D, ordered 9/2002[28] |----- | Hellfire AGM-114L ||  United States || Anti-Tank Guided Missile || 1,000 || On order to be carry by AH-64D |}

Small Arms

Template:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Weapon ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |----- |T75 ||  Taiwan || 9 mm Pistol || |----- | T51 ||  Taiwan || .45 ACP Pistol || |----- |----- |Glock 17|| Austria||9 mm Pistol || |----- | T77 ||  Taiwan || 9 mm Submachine Gun || |----- |M12 || Italy||9 mm Submachine Gun || |----- |Calico M960 || United States || Submachine Gun || |----- | MP5 ||  Germany || Submachine Gun|| |----- |Uzi||  Israel|| Submachine Gun|| |----- |M1014|| Italy||Semi-Automatic Shotgun|| |----- |Franchi SPAS-12|| Italy||Combat Shotgun|| |----- | T65 ||  Taiwan || Assault Rifle || Standard Issue |----- | T86 ||  Taiwan || Assault Rifle || T65 with M4 carbine |----- | T91 ||  Taiwan || Assault Rifle || |----- |M4A1|| United States||Carbine || |----- |M1 carbine|| United States||Carbine || |----- |M24 Sniper Weapon System ||  United States || Sniper Rifle || |----- |T93 ||  Taiwan || Sniper Rifle || |----- |M82A1||  United States ||Sniper Rifle|| |----- |PSG-1|| Germany ||Sniper Rifle || |----- |SSG-2000||  Switzerland ||Sniper Rifle || |----- | T74 ||  Taiwan || General Purpose Machine Gun || |----- | T75 ||  Taiwan|| Squad Automatic Weapon || |----- | M2|| United States||Heavy Machine Gun|| |----- | T85 ||  Taiwan || 40 mm Grenade Launcher|| |----- |MGL Mk-1||  South Africa || 40 mm Grenade Launcher|| |----- |Mk-19 Mod 3||  United States || 40 mm Automatic Grenade Launcher|| Licensed production in Taiwan |----- |}

See also

References & notes

  1. ^ "Speculative ROC Army ORBAT". Taiwanmilitary.org. Retrieved 2006-03-08.
  2. ^ "ROC Army". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2006-03-08.
  3. ^ a b c "2004 National Defense Report" (PDF). ROC Ministry of National Defense. 2004. Retrieved 2006-03-05.
  4. ^ August 12, 2007. Retrieved Sept 16, 2009
  5. ^ Roy, Denny (2003). "Taiwan's Threat Perceptions: The Enemy Within" (PDF). Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) See "Reforming the Armed Forces", page 5.
  6. ^ "Taiwan to Buy Apaches to Counter China Threat". Defense News. 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
  7. ^ "Report says Taiwan sold 1 billion rifle bullets to U.S." Retrieved 2007-11-05.
  8. ^ http://www.dsca.mil/PressReleases/36-b/2008/Taiwan_08-41.pdf
  9. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/03/AR2008100303240.html
  10. ^ http://asia.news.yahoo.com/081003/afp/081003211458asiapacificnews.html
  11. ^ "USDA New Release" (PDF). dsca.mil. 2010-01-29. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  12. ^ "http://blog.udn.com/YST2000/3306840?f_ORDER_BY=DESC&pno=1&". http://blog.udn.com/YST2000/3306840?f_ORDER_BY=DESC&pno=1&. Retrieved 2010-01-14. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= and |work= (help)
  13. ^ "http://blog.udn.com/YST2000/3306840?f_ORDER_BY=DESC&pno=1&". http://blog.udn.com/YST2000/3306840?f_ORDER_BY=DESC&pno=1&. Retrieved 2010-01-14. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= and |work= (help)
  14. ^ ""ROC Army M113 TOW Launchers are phased out into history". http://www.wretch.cc/blog/hojiyi/680383. Retrieved 2010-04-05. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  15. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  16. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  17. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  18. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  19. ^ "Aviation & Special Warfare Command". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  20. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  21. ^ "www.defense.gov". www.defense.gov. Retrieved 2010-01-14. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  22. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  23. ^ "www.taiwanairpower.org". www.taiwanairpower.org. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
  24. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  25. ^ "www.taiwanairpower.org". www.taiwanairpower.org. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
  26. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
  27. ^ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  28. ^ "www.taiwanairpower.org". www.taiwanairpower.org. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
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