Marcianopolis: Difference between revisions
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'''Marcianopolis''', or '''Marcianople''' was an ancient Roman city in [[Thracia]]. |
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|map_caption = Location of Marcianopolis in modern day Bulgaria| |
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Marcianopolis in modern day Bulgaria |
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native_name=Μαρκιανούπολις| |
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latd=43|latm=13|lats=|latNS=N|longd=27|longm=35|longs=6|longEW=E|leader_name=| |
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It was located at the site of modern day [[Devnya]], [[Bulgaria]]. |
'''Marcianopolis''' or '''Marcianople''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Μαρκιανούπολις) was an ancient Roman city in [[Thracia]]. It was located at the site of modern day [[Devnya]], [[Bulgaria]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Devnya-mosaics-museum-gorgon-medusa-1.jpg|right|thumb|A mosaic featuring an image of the [[gorgon]] [[Medusa]] in Devnya's Mosaics Museum]] |
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The city was so renamed by Emperor [[Trajan]] after his sister [[Ulpia Marciana]]<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], XXVII, 2</ref>, and was previously known as Parthenopolis. Romans repulsed a [[Goths|Gothic]] attack to this town in [[267]] (or [[268]]), during the reign of [[Gallienus]] <ref>[[Historia Augusta]], ''Claudius'', 9; [[Zosimus]], I, 42</ref>. [[Diocletian]] made it the capital of the [[Moesia Secunda]] province. |
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[[Roman Emperor]] [[Trajan]] renamed the ancient city of Parthenopolis after the [[Trajan's Dacian Wars|Second Dacian War]], which ended in 106. The city was rechristened after Trajan's sister, [[Ulpia Marciana]].<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], XXVII, 2</ref> An important strategic centre, the city was part of Roman [[Thrace]] until 187-193, and then belonged to Moesia inferior. Marcianopolis's prosperity under the [[Severan Dynasty]] was ended by a [[Goths|Gothic]] raid in 248-249 and subsequent barbarian invasions from the north. The Romans repulsed another Gothic attack to this town in [[267]] (or [[268]]), during the reign of [[Gallienus]].<ref>[[Historia Augusta]], ''Claudius'', 9; [[Zosimus]], I, 42</ref> |
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Under Emperor [[Diocletian]] Marcianopolis became the centre of the province [[Moesia Secunda]] of the Diocese of Thrace, and was rebuilt thoroughly in the late 3rd and early 4th century. It grew in importance at the expense of neighbouring Odessos (Varna) in the 4th century. The city was an important episcopal centre and a basilica from the period was excavated in the 20th century. During Emperor [[Valens]]' conflict with the Goths (366-369), Marcianopolis was a temporary capital of the empire and the largest city of Thrace according to a source from the period.<ref>Amm. Marcell., XXVII, 5; [[Theophanes the Confessor]] ''Chronographia'', A. M. 5859, 5860, 5861</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Emperor [[Justinian I]] restored and fortified it. In 587, it was sacked by the king of the [[Eurasian Avars|Avars]] but at once retaken by the Romans.<ref>Theophanes the Confessor, "Chronographia" A. M. 6079</ref> The Roman army quartered there in 596 before crossing the Danube to assault the Avars.<ref>op. cit., A. M. 6088</ref> Despite the regular barbarian attacks, Marcianopolis remained an important centre until an Avar raid finally destroyed it in 614-615, although it still continued to be mentioned on maps until much later. |
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Between 893 and 972 it was one of the most important medieval cities in south-eastern Europe. |
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As the [[Slavs]] settled in the [[Balkans]] in the 7th century, they called the ruins of the ancient city ''Devina''. At present, the remains of Roman city include the [[amphitheatre]] and many exquisite mosaics. The Mosaic Museum features some mosaics ''in situ''.<ref>http://liternet.bg/publish10/aangelov/mozaikite.htm</ref> |
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==Sources== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://scotvscapitis.blogspot.com/2006/12/severus-alexander-julia-maesa.html 3rd century CE Marcianopolis coinage] |
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[[bg:Марцианопол]] |
[[bg:Марцианопол]] |
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Revision as of 00:36, 10 May 2010
Marcianopolis
Μαρκιανούπολις |
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Marcianopolis or Marcianople (Greek: Μαρκιανούπολις) was an ancient Roman city in Thracia. It was located at the site of modern day Devnya, Bulgaria.
History
Roman Emperor Trajan renamed the ancient city of Parthenopolis after the Second Dacian War, which ended in 106. The city was rechristened after Trajan's sister, Ulpia Marciana.[1] An important strategic centre, the city was part of Roman Thrace until 187-193, and then belonged to Moesia inferior. Marcianopolis's prosperity under the Severan Dynasty was ended by a Gothic raid in 248-249 and subsequent barbarian invasions from the north. The Romans repulsed another Gothic attack to this town in 267 (or 268), during the reign of Gallienus.[2]
Under Emperor Diocletian Marcianopolis became the centre of the province Moesia Secunda of the Diocese of Thrace, and was rebuilt thoroughly in the late 3rd and early 4th century. It grew in importance at the expense of neighbouring Odessos (Varna) in the 4th century. The city was an important episcopal centre and a basilica from the period was excavated in the 20th century. During Emperor Valens' conflict with the Goths (366-369), Marcianopolis was a temporary capital of the empire and the largest city of Thrace according to a source from the period.[3]
Emperor Justinian I restored and fortified it. In 587, it was sacked by the king of the Avars but at once retaken by the Romans.[4] The Roman army quartered there in 596 before crossing the Danube to assault the Avars.[5] Despite the regular barbarian attacks, Marcianopolis remained an important centre until an Avar raid finally destroyed it in 614-615, although it still continued to be mentioned on maps until much later.
As the Slavs settled in the Balkans in the 7th century, they called the ruins of the ancient city Devina. At present, the remains of Roman city include the amphitheatre and many exquisite mosaics. The Mosaic Museum features some mosaics in situ.[6]
References
- ^ Ammianus Marcellinus, XXVII, 2
- ^ Historia Augusta, Claudius, 9; Zosimus, I, 42
- ^ Amm. Marcell., XXVII, 5; Theophanes the Confessor Chronographia, A. M. 5859, 5860, 5861
- ^ Theophanes the Confessor, "Chronographia" A. M. 6079
- ^ op. cit., A. M. 6088
- ^ http://liternet.bg/publish10/aangelov/mozaikite.htm