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Revision as of 14:52, 17 May 2010

Survivor
File:Survivor.borneo.logo.png
Recreation of the Survivor: Borneo logo
Created byCharlie Parsons
Presented byJeff Probst
Country of originUnited States
No. of seasons20
No. of episodes273
Production
Executive producersCharlie Parsons
Mark Burnett
Running time42 minutes
Original release
NetworkCBS
ReleaseMay 31, 2000 (2000-05-31) –
present
Related
Expedition Robinson
International versions

Survivor is an American version of the Survivor reality television game show, itself derived from the Swedish television series Expedition Robinson originally created in 1997 by Charlie Parsons, and first broadcast in May 2000. Mark Burnett produces the American series. Its host is the former game show emcee and news reporter, Jeff Probst. The CBS television network broadcasts the premier run of each season, and syndication to other cable networks follows. Russ Landau composed the theme song.

The show maroons a group of strangers (as one or more tribes) in a desolate locale, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves, while competing in challenges to earn either a reward, or an immunity from expulsion from the game in the next of the successive votes for elimination. While much rarer than elimination by vote, medical conditions, such as injury or infection, have eliminated several contestants. The last two or three survivors face a jury historically comprising of at least the last seven players voted off. That jury interrogates the final few, and then votes for the winner of the title of Sole Survivor and a million dollar prize.

The American version has been very successful. From the 2000–2001 through the 2005–2006 television seasons its first eleven seasons (competitions) rated amongst the top ten most watched shows. It is commonly considered the mother of American reality TV because it was the first highly-rated and profitable reality show on broadcast television in the USA, and is considered one of the most important shows of the first decade of the 21st century.[1][2][3]

The 10th anniversary edition (and the 20th season) titled Heroes vs. Villains premiered on February 11, 2010.[4] In January 2010, CBS ordered two more seasons, the 21st and 22nd, making it television's longest-running reality competition series.[5] On February 9, 2010, Jeff Probst announced via Twitter that he has signed a contract to host the show through its 22nd cycle, which represents a one-year contract renewal. His previous renewals have been for two years, or four cycles of the show.[6]

On November 4, 2009, it was announced that the show would be turned into a video game. The Survivor game would require players to participate in various challenges like those in the reality shows in order to win.[7] A previous version of the game, in which the player could play as any of the 32 Palau Tiga and Australian Outback cast members or create a character from scratch, was released on November 13, 2001, but received poor reviews.[8]

Format and rules

Main article: Format and Rules of Survivor

The first U.S. season of Survivor followed the same general format as the Swedish series, but since then, the show has introduced several twists to the core rules to keep players on guard in newer seasons from relying on strategies present in previous seasons. These changes have included tribal switches, seasons starting with more than two tribes, the ability to exile a player from their tribe for a short time, and a hidden immunity idol that a player can use to save themselves at the tribal vote.

U.S. Survivor seasons

The United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst. It airs Thursdays on CBS. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, and lasts from 13 to 15 episodes. The first season of Survivor was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with Survivor: The Australian Outback, there have been two Survivor seasons aired during each U.S. television season.

# Name Location Original tribes Winner Runner(s)-up Vote Notes
1 Survivor: Borneo Pulau Tiga, Sabah, Malaysia Two tribes of eight Richard Hatch Kelly Wiglesworth 4-3 Only season to air on Wednesdays and have the winner revealed on location rather than live and in the U.S.
2 Survivor: The Australian Outback Herbert River at Goshen Station, Queensland, Australia Tina Wesson Colby Donaldson 4-3 Michael Skupin suffered burns and became the first contestant to be evacuated due to injuries; only season to film for more than 39 days, running 42 days.
3 Survivor: Africa Shaba National Reserve, Kenya[9] Ethan Zohn Kim Johnson 5-2 First season to feature a tribal swap.
4 Survivor: Marquesas Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia Vecepia Towery Neleh Dennis 4-3 The only time the infamous Purple Rock tie breaker has ever been used.
5 Survivor: Thailand Ko Tarutao, Satun Province, Thailand Two tribes of eight picked by the two oldest players, Jake and Jan Brian Heidik Clay Jordan 4-3 First to have castaways divide themselves into tribes, and first to feature a fake merge and a delayed merge.
6 Survivor: The Amazon Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil Two tribes of eight divided by gender Jenna Morasca Matthew Von Ertfelda 6-1 First time a Survivor contestant competed with a disability – the hearing impaired Christy Smith, and to have tribes divided by gender. Holds the record of the youngest winner in Survivor history with Jenna Morasca.
7 Survivor: Pearl Islands Pearl Islands, Panama Two tribes of eight Sandra Diaz-Twine Lillian Morris 6-1 First and only time players who had been voted out were allowed to return to the game as part of the Outcast Tribe; first season in which a player, Osten Taylor, quit the game.
8 Survivor: All-Stars Three tribes of six returning players Amber Brkich Rob Mariano 4-3 First season to feature returning contestants; First season to have more than two initial tribes; Survivor: America's Tribal Council was held four days later, and a second million-dollar prize was awarded to Rupert Boneham for being voted by the viewers as their favorite contestant.
9 Survivor: Vanuatu – Islands of Fire Efate, Shefa Province, Vanuatu Two tribes of nine divided by gender Chris Daugherty Twila Tanner 5-2 Chris was the only male remaining in the final seven; Chad Crittenden was the first amputee contestant.
10 Survivor: Palau Koror, Palau, Micronesia A schoolyard pick of two tribes of nine, starting with Ian and Jolanda; two eliminated without a tribe Tom Westman Katie Gallagher 6-1 First season in which one of the tribes, Koror, won all the immunity challenges – Stephenie LaGrossa, the last member of the defeated tribe, Ulong, was simply absorbed into Koror.
11 Survivor: Guatemala – The Mayan Empire Laguna Yaxhá, Yaxhá-Nakúm-Naranjo National Park, Petén, Guatemala Two tribes of nine, including Stephenie LaGrossa and Bobby Jon Drinkard from Palau Danni Boatwright Stephenie LaGrossa 6-1 First season to feature both new castaways and returning contestants in the same game; first season to include a hidden immunity idol, though it could be used only once.
12 Survivor: Panama – Exile Island Pearl Islands, Panama Four tribes of four divided by age and gender Aras Baskauskas Danielle DiLorenzo 5-2 First season to include Exile Island throughout the show and first to offer the hidden Immunity Idol throughout, which could only be found by being exiled to Exile Island; Bruce Kanegai became the second person to leave the game due to a medical emergency.
13 Survivor: Cook Islands Aitutaki, Cook Islands Four tribes of five divided by ethnicity: African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, and Asians Yul Kwon Ozzy Lusth Becky Lee 5-4-0 Both Exile Island and the Hidden Immunity Idol were used throughout the season; first time three castaways were involved in the final vote, with a jury composed of nine members.
14 Survivor: Fiji Macuata, Vanua Levu, Fiji Two tribes of nine divided by Sylvia, who herself joined Ravu after the first tribal council Earl Cole Cassandra Franklin Dre "Dreamz" Herd 9-0-0 First time the total number of castaways was an odd number (19), due to the last minute withdrawal of one contestant.[10] As part of the twist to this season, one tribe enjoyed many luxuries while the other had virtually nothing; first unanimous victory.
15 Survivor: China Zhelin Reservoir, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China Two tribes of eight Todd Herzog Courtney Yates Amanda Kimmel 4-2-1 A twist involving kidnapping players from the opposing tribe replaced Exile Island.
16 Survivor: Micronesia – Fans vs. Favorites Koror, Palau, Micronesia Two tribes of ten: fans against popular past contestants Parvati Shallow Amanda Kimmel 5-3 Two contestants, one from each tribe, were sent to Exile Island; second season to feature both new castaways and returning contestants in the same game; first season to have three castaways leave due to reasons other than being voted out.
17 Survivor: Gabon – Earth's Last Eden Wonga-Wongue Presidential Reserve, Estuaire, Gabon A schoolyard pick of two tribes of nine, starting with the oldest players, Bob & Gillian Robert "Bob" Crowley Susie Smith Jessica "Sugar" Kiper 4-3-0 First season shot and aired in HD.[11] The show premiered on September 25 as a two-hour event.[12] On Exile Island, the player selected could choose the clue to the Hidden Immunity Idol or take comfort of a hammock, pillows and fresh fruit. Holds the record of the oldest winner in Survivor history with Robert "Bob" Crowley.
18 Survivor: Tocantins – The Brazilian Highlands Jalapão, Tocantins, Brazil Two tribes of eight James "J.T." Thomas Jr. Stephen Fishbach 7-0 Two players were sent to exile, where one would receive a clue to the hidden immunity idol; second unanimous victory.
19 Survivor: Samoa Upolu, Samoa Two tribes of ten Natalie White Russell Hantz Mick Trimming 7-2-0 Exile Island was not used; instead, the tribe who won reward sent one of their castaways to accompany the losing tribe back to their campsite and observe them until the next immunity challenge. Only Season to not finish a challenge because of a medical problem with Russell Swan.
20 Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains Two tribes of ten returning players, deemed as "heroes" or "villains" Sandra Diaz-Twine Parvati Shallow Russell Hantz 6-3-0 First time in which two Hidden Immunity Idols were played at the same Tribal Council. The first time a previous winner, Sandra Diaz-Twine, won again. First time two previous winners competing in the final tribal council.

U.S. television ratings

Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of the United States version of Survivor on CBS.

Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.

Survivor: Borneo doesn't have a ranking because it aired in the summer of 2000. It would have ranked #2 in the 1999–2000 U.S. television season, assuming it would have attained the exact same viewership numbers as it did in the summer of 2000.

Program Timeslot (ET/PT) Premiered Ended TV Season Rank Viewers
(in millions)
Date Premiere
Viewers
(in millions) 		Date Finale
Viewers
(in millions) 		Reunion
Viewers
(in millions)
Survivor: Borneo Wednesday 8:00PM May 31, 2000[13] 15.51 August 23, 2000 51.69[13] 36.70[14] 1999–2000 #2 28.30[15]
Survivor: The Australian Outback Thursday 8:00PM January 28, 2001[16] 45.371 May 3, 2001[17] 36.35 28.01 2000–2001 #1 29.80[18]
Survivor: Africa October 11, 2001[19] 23.84 January 10, 2002[20] 27.26 19.05 2001–2002 #8 20.69[21]
Survivor: Marquesas February 28, 2002[22] 23.19 May 19, 2002[23] 25.87 17.89 #6 20.77[24]
Survivor: Thailand September 19, 2002[25] 23.05 December 19, 2002[26] 24.08 20.43 2002–2003 #4 21.21[27]
Survivor: The Amazon February 13, 2003[28] 23.26 May 11, 2003[29] 22.29 17.65 #9 19.97[27]
Survivor: Pearl Islands September 18, 2003[30] 21.50 December 14, 2003[31] 25.23 21.87 2003–2004 #7 20.72[32]
Survivor: All-Stars February 1, 2004[33] 33.541 May 9, 2004[34] 24.76 23.92 #3 21.49[35]
Survivor: Vanuatu September 16, 2004[36] 20.06 December 12, 2004[37] 19.72 15.23 2004–2005 #10 19.64[38]
Survivor: Palau February 17, 2005[38] 23.66 May 15, 2005[39] 20.80 15.48 #5 20.91[40]
Survivor: Guatemala September 15, 2005[41] 18.41 December 11, 2005[42] 21.18 15.21 2005–2006 #11 18.30[40]
Survivor: Panama February 2, 2006[43] 19.20 May 14, 2006[44] 17.07 11.65 #12 16.82[45]
Survivor: Cook Islands September 14, 2006[46] 18.00 December 17, 2006 16.42 13.53 2006–2007 #13 15.75[47]
Survivor: Fiji February 8, 2007[48] 16.68 May 13, 2007 13.63 11.43 #15 14.83[47]
Survivor: China September 20, 2007[49] 15.35 December 16, 2007 15.10 12.22 2007–2008 #8[50] 15.18[51]
Survivor: Micronesia February 7, 2008[52] 14.02 May 11, 2008 12.92 10.84 #11[50] 13.51[50]
Survivor: Gabon September 25, 2008 13.05[53] December 14, 2008 13.77 11.74 2008–2009 #16[54] 13.81[54]
Survivor: Tocantins February 12, 2009 13.80[55] May 17, 2009 12.94[56] 11.59[56] #19[57] 12.92[58]
Survivor: Samoa September 17, 2009[59] 11.66[60] December 20, 2009 13.97[61] 11.68[61] 2009–2010 #18 13.45[62]
Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains February 11, 2010[4] 14.15[63] May 16, 2010

^1 The season premieres of Survivor: The Australian Outback and Survivor: All-Stars each aired after a Super Bowl. Survivor seasons (competitions) broadcast in winter/spring have had episodes moved to Wednesdays at 8:00pm to avoid conflicts with broadcasts of the first two weeks of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. For Survivor: Marquesas and every competition beginning with Survivor: The Amazon, the finale was broadcast Sunday Night at 8:00pm. In addition, for the spring Survivor season (second competition of the television season), this finale has almost always coincided with Mother's Day in the United States (2009 and 2010 were exceptions).

Locations

Locations of the different seasons

The American version of Survivor has been shot in many locations around the world since the first season, favoring warm, tropical climates.

Continent Locations (Season number)
Africa Kenya (3), Gabon (17)
Asia Borneo (1), China (15), Thailand (5)
Oceania Australia (2), Cook Islands (13), Fiji (14), Marquesas (4), Palau (10, 16), Samoa (19, 20), Vanuatu (9)
North America Guatemala (11), Panama (7, 8, 12), Nicaragua (21)
South America Brazil (6, 18)

Post-show auctions

At the end of each U.S. Survivor series from Survivor: Africa onward, various Survivor props and memorabilia are auctioned online for charity. The most common recipient has been the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Most recently, proceeds have gone toward The Serpentine Project, a charity founded by Jeff Probst, dedicated to helping those transitioning out of foster care upon emancipation at eighteen years of age. Items up for auction have included flags, mats, tree mails, contestant torches, contestant clothing, autographed items, immunity idols and the voting urn.

Turmoil between players is commonplace for any reality series, but Survivor has had a few instances which went beyond mere intertribal squabbles. More recently, there have been debates, some even prior to the series' premiere, regarding the formatting of the show:

  • In February 2001, Borneo player Stacey Stillman filed a lawsuit claiming producers interfered in the process of the game by persuading two members of her tribe (Sean Kenniff and Dirk Been) to vote her off instead of Rudy Boesch.
  • During a reward trip, Colby Donaldson removed corals from the Great Barrier Reef. In the same trip, a helicopter involved in the production flew around protected sea bird rookeries.[64]
  • At the trivia immunity challenge for Africa's final four players, host Jeff Probst asked which female player in their season had no piercings. Kim Johnson answered Kelly Goldsmith, got the point, and went on to win the challenge, which pushed her to third and ultimately (after another immunity win) second place. Tom Buchanan was eliminated. Months later, the cast and producers (who were preparing for the live finale and reunion) watched the episode backstage. During the rebroadcast of the challenge, Lindsey Richter shouted to the TV that she had no piercings. Lex van den Berghe's answer had been Lindsey, yet the show had not awarded him a point, thus significantly changing the outcome of the game (van den Berghe was eliminated in third place). CBS later paid van den Berghe and Buchanan a settlement.[65]
  • In the fifth episode of the All-Star season, a naked Richard Hatch may or may not have come into contact with Sue Hawk after she blocked his path during an immunity challenge. Hatch was voted out that day for other reasons; Hawk quit the game a few days later (episode six). Hawk considered filing a lawsuit against the parties involved, but appeared with Hatch on The Early Show the morning after the sixth episode aired, stating she opted out of legal action because CBS had helped her "deal with the situation."[66]
  • In order to be sure to win a Reward Challenge in which the castaways competed to win a visit from their friends or loved ones, Pearl Islands Survivor Jonny "Fairplay" Dalton conspired beforehand with friend Dan Fields in what has been described by Probst as the greatest lie on Survivor to date. Fields told Dalton that his grandmother, Jean Cooke, had died, in order to win sympathy from his tribemates and subsequently the reward. In reality, Cooke had not died, a fact that only emerged to his tribemates once the episode had aired. When the show staff heard the report of Cooke's death, they called Dalton's family to offer condolences, only to have Cooke herself answer the phone. Dalton admitted in confessional after the challenge that his grandmother was alive and "probably watching Jerry Springer right now." On that season's reunion show, Jeff Probst had a short interview with Cooke, who was indeed alive and well.
  • Rupert Boneham, originally on Survivor: Pearl Islands and then part of Survivor: All-Stars was an extremely popular player with television audiences, but finished eighth and fourth, respectively, in his appearances on the show. As part of Survivor: All-Stars, a special Survivor: America's Tribal Council contest for the 18 players was created, where the winner would be selected by the viewing audience and would receive US$1 million prize; Rupert won this prize, unsurprisingly, with more than 80% of the votes cast. Many long-time Survivor fans saw this as a way of diluting the overall concept of the show, that instead of outwitting, outplaying and outlasting your fellow tribe members to win the game, a player could now play specifically to gain popularity with the show's audience, regardless of how well he played the game, and still would be rewarded with a large prize.[67]
  • Richard Hatch, the winner of the first season of Survivor, was charged and found guilty in January 2006 of failing to report his winnings to the IRS to avoid taxes. He has been sentenced to four years, three months in prison.[68]
  • The 13th season of Survivor, known as Survivor: Cook Islands, began with tribes grouped according to race. Host Jeff Probst claims the choice "came from the criticism that Survivor was not ethnically diverse enough."[69] Several long-term sponsors, including Campbell's Soup, Procter & Gamble, Home Depot, Coca Cola, and General Motors[70] dropped their support of the show shortly after this announcement, leading to speculation that the decisions were in response to the controversy. Each of the companies has either denied the link or declined to comment.[71]
  • Mark Burnett has also received criticism for reenacting scenes with actor stand-ins which he claims were used to increase production value and did not affect the outcome.[72]
  • The program angered its fan base when Jeff Probst revealed that Survivor: Fiji ignored the thousands of viewer applicants and instead used their own recruited players. It was revealed that Gary Stritesky was the only actual applicant chosen, while the rest used on the show were recruits.[73] Although, Probst defended the process by claiming they wanted to find more diverse players, 10 of the recruits were from California, while 13 players from Cook Islands also resided in California. Fans argued that these players were not apt for Survivor, and many were just young unemployed actors found in places like bars and MySpace.[74] One example was Mellisa McNulty, a Fiji recruit, who was unable to even make it to the island, quitting because of a panic attack merely five hours before departing.[75]
  • At the Survivor: China reunion show, Denise Martin told producers and the audience her unfortunate story of being demoted to a janitor from a lunch lady because of the distraction she was to students. Because of her claimed misfortune, Mark Burnett awarded Martin US$50,000. Martin ultimately recanted the story after the school district publicly stated that she had taken the custodial position before appearing on the show.[76] She also decided to donate the $50,000 to charity.[77]
  • A brief uncensored shot of Marcus Lehman's genitals during the premiere episode of Survivor: Gabon has led to the show and network being asked to apologize for the incident.[78]

Merchandise

The wild success of Survivor spawned a wide range of merchandise from the very first season. While early items available were limited to buffs, water bottles, hats, t-shirts, and other typical souvenir items, the marketability of the franchise has grown tremendously. Today, fans can find innumerable items, including computer and board games, interactive online games, mugs, tribal-themed jewelry, beach towels, dog tags, magnets, multi-function tools, DVD seasons, Survivor party kits, insider books, soundtracks, and more.

DVD releases

Best of
DVD name Release date
Season One: The Greatest and Most Outrageous Moments January 1, 2001
Season Two: The Greatest and Most Outrageous Moments September 25, 2001
Full seasons
DVD name Release date
The Complete First Season: Borneo May 11, 2004
The Complete Second Season: Australian Outback April 26, 2005
The Complete Seventh Season: Pearl Islands February 7, 2006
The Complete Eighth Season: All-Stars September 14, 2004
The Complete Ninth Season: Vanuatu December 5, 2006
The Complete Tenth Season: Palau August 30, 2006
Complete seasons on iTunes
Currently available
Season 9: Vanuatu
Season 10: Palau
Season 11: Guatemala
Season 12: Panama
Season 13: Cook Islands
Season 14: Fiji
Season 15: China
Season 16: Micronesia
Season 17: Gabon
Season 18: Tocantins
Season 19: Samoa
Season 20: Heroes vs. Villains

Other media

Video Games

Survivor (2001 video game) is a game[79] for PC, developed by Infogames, it allows players to play and creates characters for the game based on the Palau Tiga or Australian Outback cast members. The game also includes a character creation system for making custom characters.

Game play consists of choosing survivors' skills (fishing, cooking, etc.), forming alliances, developing relationships with other tribe members, and voting off competitors at tribal council.

The game was received very poorly by critics. GameSpot gave the game a 'Terrible' score of 2.0 out of 10, saying "If you're harboring even a tiny urge to buy this game, please listen very carefully to this advice: Don't do it."[79] Likewise, IGN gave the game a 'Terrible' 2.4 out of 10, stating "It is horribly boring and repetitive. The graphics are weak and even the greatest survivor fan would break the CD in two after playing it for 20 minutes." [80] The game was the recipient of Game Revolution's lowest score of all time, an F- [81]. An 'interactive review' was created specially for the game, and features interactive comments like "The Survival periods are about as much fun as" followed by a drop-down menu, "watching paint dry/throbbing hemorrhoids/staring at air/being buried alive."[81]

Online games

During the first Survivor seasons many online games based on forums were created. These are often referred to as "ORGS" (an acronym meaning Online Reality Games). More specific Survivor online games appeared later, such as Tengaged[82] developed to simulate all the Survivor experiences where several online participants form tribes which will compete with each other. Participants compete for immunity to avoid being evicted while trying to get food, water and supplies for their tribes.

Thrill ride

One of the more novel merchandising items has been the interactive Survivor: The Ride thrill ride at Great America in Santa Clara, California. The ride includes a rotating platform on which riders are divided into one of four "tribes." As the ride moves along an undulating track, riders can be sprayed by water guns hidden in oversized tribal masks while drums and other familiar Survivor musical accents play in the background. Other theming includes Survivor memorabilia throughout the queue line and other merchandise for sale in nearby gift shops.[83]

See also

Wikiquote has quotations related to Survivor (TV show).

References

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  41. ^ "Media Life Magazine: So spooky: Sci-fi me-toos start strong". September 21, 2005. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
  42. ^ "Reality TV World: 'Survivor: Guatemala' ends with a bang, delivers best finale ratings since 'Survivor: All-Stars'". December 15, 2005. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
  43. ^ "E! Online: "Survivor" Aligns with "Stars"". February 7, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
  44. ^ "Ratings for May 8–14, 2006". May 16, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
  45. ^ "Ratings for 2005–2006 season". May 31, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
  46. ^ "Mediaweek: The Programming Insider". September 20, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
  47. ^ a b "2006–07 primetime wrap". Hollywood Reporter. May 25, 2007.
  48. ^ ""Survivor" Heads For Fiji". January 12, 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
  49. ^ "Sluggish start for 'Survivor'". Variety. September 21, 2007.
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  51. ^ "Zap2it – TV ratings".
  52. ^ ""SURVIVOR: MICRONESIA-FANS VS. FAVES" AND "THE 50TH ANNUAL GRAMMY AWARDS" BOOST CBS". The Futon Critic. February 12, 2008.
  53. ^ "Overnight Nielsen TV Ratings Thursday, September 25, 2008: A Paler Shade of Grey's Boosts ABC - TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
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  59. ^ Matt Mitovich (June 24, 2009). "Fall TV: CBS Announces Premiere Dates". TV Guide Online. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
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  71. ^ General Motors also announced their discontinuation of sponsorship into the 13th seasons at nearly the same time as the announcement of the racial split, but the decision was made months prior to the announcement, and thus was purely coincidental. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14589787/
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  82. ^ "Tengaged, an online Survivor multiplayer game". tengaged.com. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
  83. ^ "Survivor: The Ride". LoveToKnow Themeparks.

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