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Revision as of 13:38, 28 May 2010

"Italia 90" redirects here. For the computer game, see World Cup Italia '90.
1990 FIFA World Cup
Italia '90
1990 FIFA World Cup official logo
Tournament details
Host countryItaly
Dates8 June – 8 July
Teams24 (from 5 confederations)
Venue(s)12 (in 12 host cities)
Final positions
Champions West Germany (3rd title)
Runners-up Argentina
Third place Italy
Fourth place England
Tournament statistics
Matches played52
Goals scored115 (2.21 per match)
Attendance2,516,348 (48,391 per match)
Top scorer(s)Italy Salvatore Schillaci (6 goals)
Best player(s)Italy Salvatore Schillaci
← 1986
1994 →

The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event twice. Teams representing 116 national football associations from all six populated continents entered the qualification process which began in April 1988. Twenty-two teams qualified from this process, along with host nation Italy and holders Argentina, for the finals tournament.

The tournament was won by West Germany, who claimed their third World Cup title by defeating reigning champions Argentina 1–0 in the final, a rematch of the previous final four years earlier. Hosts Italy beat England 2–1 to finish third after both lost their semi-finals in penalty shootouts.

The 1990 World Cup is regarded by ESPN sportswriter John Brewin as one of the poorest World Cups ever.[1] It generated a record low goals-per-game average and a then-record 16 red cards were handed out, including the first ever dismissal in a final.

Despite the low goalscoring, the 1990 World Cup stands as one of the most watched events in television history, garnering an estimated 26.69 billion non-unique viewers, compiled over the course of the tournament.[2] At the time it was the most watched World Cup in history in non-unique viewers, but has subsequently been bettered by the 1994 and 2002 FIFA World Cups.[3]

Host selection

Main article: FIFA World Cup hosts

The vote to choose the hosts of the 1990 tournament was held on 19 May 1984 in Zürich, Switzerland. Here, the FIFA Executive Committee chose Italy ahead of the only rival bid, the USSR, by 11 votes to 5.[4] This awarding made Italy only the second nation to host two World Cup tournaments, after Mexico had also achieved this with their 1986 staging. Italy had previously had the event in 1934, where they had won their first championship.

Austria, England, France, Greece, West Germany and Yugoslavia also submitted initial applications for the 31 July 1983 deadline.[5] A month later, only England and Greece remained in the hunt with Italy and the Soviet Union after the other contenders all withdrew.[6] All four bids were assessed by FIFA in late 1983, with the final decision overrunning into 1984 due to the volume of paperwork involved.[7] In Early 1984, England and Greece also withdrew leading to a two-horse race in the final vote. The Soviet boycott of the 1984 Olympic Games announced on the eve of the World Cup decision was speculated to have been a major factor behind Italy winning the vote so decisively,[8] although this was dismissed by FIFA President João Havelange.[4]

Qualification

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup qualification
Qualifying countries

116 teams entered the 1990 World Cup, with 114 being required to qualify (due to rejected entries and withdrawals, 103 teams eventually participated in the qualifying stages). Italy as host nation and Argentina as reigning World Cup champions were granted automatic qualification, with the remaining 22 finals places divided among the continental confederations.

Thirteen places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe), three by CONMEBOL teams (South America), two by CAF teams (Africa), two by AFC teams (Asia), and two by CONCACAF teams (North and Central America and Caribbean). The remaining place was decided by a play-off between CONMEBOL and OFC (Oceania).

Both Mexico and Chile were disqualified during the qualification process; the former for fielding an overage player in a prior youth tournament, the latter after goalkeeper Roberto Rojas faked injury from a firework thrown from the stands, which caused the match to be abandoned. Chile were also banned from the 1994 qualifiers for this offence.

Three teams qualified for the first time: Costa Rica, the Republic of Ireland and the United Arab Emirates. The United States also made it back to the World Cup after a 40-year absence.

Venues

Twelve stadia were selected to host the World Cup matches in twelve different cities. The Stadio San Nicola in Bari and Turin's Stadio delle Alpi were completely new stadia opened at the World Cup.

The remaining ten venues all underwent extensive programmes of improvements in preparation for the tournament, forcing many of the club tenants of the stadiums to vacate to alternate temporary homes. Additional seating and roofs were added to most stadiums, with further redevelopments seeing running tracks removed and new pitches laid. Due to structural constraints, several of the existing stadiums had to be virtually rebuilt in order to implement the changes required.

Most of the works cost far in excess of their original estimates, and total costs ended up being over £550 million (approximately $935 million). Rome's Stadio Olimpico which would host the final was the most expensive project overall, while Udine's Stadio Friuli, the newest of the existing stadiums (opened 14 years prior), cost the least to redevelop.

Rome Milan Naples Turin
Stadio Olimpico San Siro Stadio San Paolo Stadio delle Alpi
Capacity: 86,000 Capacity: 85,700 Capacity: 74,000 Capacity: 68,000
File:San Siro3.JPG File:SanPaolo.jpg File:Stadio delle Alpi 2.JPG
Template:1990 FIFA World Cup venues Bari Verona
Stadio San Nicola Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi
Capacity: 56,000 Capacity: 42,000
File:San nicola.jpg File:Interno dello Stadio Bentegodi di Verona 2.jpg
Florence Cagliari
Stadio Artemio Franchi Stadio Sant'Elia
Capacity: 41,000 Capacity: 40,000
Bologna Udine Palermo Genoa
Stadio Renato Dall'Ara Stadio Friuli Stadio La Favorita Stadio Luigi Ferraris
Capacity: 39,000 Capacity: 38,000 Capacity: 36,000 Capacity: 36,000
File:Stadio Renato Dall'Ara.JPG File:Genova-Stadio Luigi Ferraris-DSCF8919.JPG

Squads

Further information: 1990 FIFA World Cup squads

Squads for the 1990 World Cup consisted of 22 players, same as the previous tournament in 1986. Replacement of injured players was permitted during the tournament at FIFA's discretion. Two goalkeepers – Argentina's Ángel Comizzo and England's Dave Beasant – entered their respective squads during the tournament to replace injured players (Nery Pumpido and David Seaman).

Match officials

41 match officials from 34 countries were assigned to the tournament to serve as referees and assistant referees. Officials in italics were only used as assistants during the tournament. Referees dressed only in traditional black jerseys for the final time at a World Cup (a red change shirt was used for two Group C games in which Scotland wore their navy blue shirts, however).

Groups

Seedings

The six seeded teams for the 1990 tournament were announced on 7 December 1989.[9] The seeds were thereby allocated to the six groups in order of their seeding rank (1st Seed to Group A, 2nd Seed to Group B, etc).

The seeds were decided by FIFA based on the nations' performance in, primarily, the 1986 World Cup with the 1982 World Cup also considered as a secondary influence. Six of the final eight in 1986 had qualified for the 1990 tournament. However, Italy – who were seeded first as hosts – had not reached the final eight in 1986. This left FIFA needing to exclude one of the three (qualified) nations who were eliminated in the 1986 quarter finals: Brazil, England or Spain.

Owing to their performance specifically in 1982 but also overall World Cup record, Brazil were seeded third and not considered to drop out of the seedings. In the end, FIFA controversially opted to seed England ahead of Spain. Spain had only been eliminated in 1986 on penalties, while England had been defeated in 90 minutes (the controversial "Hand of God" game); both countries had also reached the second stage in the 1982 event, but Spain had also appeared in the 1978 event, while England had failed to qualify. FIFA President João Havelange had also reportedly earlier stated that Spain would be seeded.[10]

Spain believed the seeding was contrived to ensure England would be placed in Group F, the group to be held off the Italian mainland, in a bid to contain England's hooliganism problems. Spanish coach Luis Suárez said, "We feel we've been cheated...they wanted to seed England and to send it to Cagliari at all costs. So they invented this formula".[9] FIFA countered that "the formula was based on the teams' respective showings during the previous two World Cups. England merited the sixth position. This is in no way a concession to English hooliganism".[9]

Pot 1 Pot 2 Pot 3 Pot 4

 Italy (1st)
 Argentina (2nd)
 Brazil (3rd)
 West Germany (4th)
 Belgium (5th)
 England (6th)

 Austria
 Netherlands
 Scotland
 Spain
 Soviet Union
 Yugoslavia

 Colombia
 Czechoslovakia
 Republic of Ireland
 Romania
 Sweden
 Uruguay

 Cameroon
 Costa Rica
 Egypt
 South Korea
 United Arab Emirates
 United States

Final draw

On 9 December 1989 the draw was held in Rome, and the group assignments and order of matches were determined. The ceremony was hosted by Italian television presenter Pippo Baudo, with Italian actress Sophia Loren and opera singer Luciano Pavarotti conducting the draw alongside FIFA General Secretary Sepp Blatter.

The draw show was FIFA's most ambitious yet with Pelé, Bobby Moore and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge from the footballing world making appearances, as well as a performance of the tournament's official song, "Un'estate italiana" (produced by Giorgio Moroder) being performed by Edoardo Bennato and Gianna Nannini.

File:Italia 90 mascot.png
Ciao.

The event also featured the official mascot of this World Cup, Ciao, a stick figure player with a football head and an Italian tricolor body. Its name is an Italian greeting.

Tournament review

File:World Cup 1990 Football.jpg
The ball Etrusco Unico used in the tournament

The finals tournament of the 1990 World Cup began on 8 June and concluded on 8 July. The format of the 1990 competition remained the same as in 1986: 24 qualified teams were divided into six groups of four. The top two teams and four best third place finishers from the six groups advanced to the knockout stage, which eliminated the teams until a winner was crowned. In total, 52 games were played.

Negative tactics

The tournament generated a record low goals-per-game average and then-record of 16 red cards were handed out. Most teams relied heavily on defensive play and hard tackling, as well as aggressive intimidation of the referee. In the knockout stage, many teams would "play it safe" for 120 minutes and try their luck in the penalty shoot-out, rather than risk going forward. Ireland and Argentina were prime examples of this trend of cautious defensive play; the Irish made it to the quarter-finals after scoring just twice in five games and drawing all their matches until their defeat to Italy. Argentina, meanwhile, scored only five times en route to the final. Even eventual champions West Germany, who had begun as one of the most offense-oriented teams, became more defensive as the tournament progressed.

Largely as a result of this trend FIFA introduced the backpass rule in time for the 1994 tournament in order to make it harder for teams to time-waste by repeatedly passing the ball back for their goalkeepers to pick up. Three, rather than two, points would be awarded for victories at future tournaments to help further encourage attacking play.

Emergence of Cameroon

One of the most notable stories of the tournament was the emergence of Cameroon, who reached the quarter finals where they were narrowly defeated by England. They opened the tournament with a shock victory over reigning champions Argentina, before topping the group ahead of both them and European Championship runners-up the Soviet Union. Their unlikely success was fired by the goals of Roger Milla, a 38 year old forward who came out of international retirement to join the national squad at the last moment after a personal request from Cameroonian President Paul Biya. Milla's four goals and flamboyant goal celebrations made him one of the tournament's biggest stars as well as taking Cameroon to the last eight. In reaching this stage, they had gone further than any African nation had ever managed in a World Cup before; a feat only equaled once since (by Senegal in 2002). Their success was African football's biggest yet on the world stage, a factor likely reflected in FIFA's subsequent decision to offer the CAF qualifying zone an additional place for the next World Cup tournament.

All-Champion Final Four

Despite the shock performances of nations such as Cameroon and Costa Rica, the final four consisted of reigning champions Argentina, England, Italy and West Germany. All nations were previous World Cup winners, with a total of eight previous titles between them. Aside from the 1970 tournament, this is the only time in the history of the World Cup this has occurred. The teams eventually placed first, second and third had also contested both the two previous World Cup Finals between themselves.

Results

See also: 1990 FIFA World Cup schedule

All kick-off times local (CEST/UTC+2)

First round

The first round, or group stage, saw the twenty-four teams divided into six groups of four teams. Each group was a round-robin of six games, where each team played one match against each of the other teams in the same group. Teams were awarded two points for a win, one point for a draw and none for a defeat. The teams coming first and second in each group qualified for the Round of 16. The four best third-placed teams would also advance to the next stage.

If teams were level on points, they were ranked on the following criteria in order:

  1. Greatest total goal difference in the three group matches
  2. Greatest number of goals scored in the three group matches
  3. If teams remained level after those criteria, a mini-group would be formed from those teams, who would be ranked on:
    1. Most points earned in matches against other teams in the tie
    2. Greatest goal difference in matches against other teams in the tie
    3. Greatest number of goals scored in matches against other teams in the tie
  4. If teams remained level after all these criteria, FIFA would hold a drawing of lots

Group A

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Group A

Hosts Italy won Group A with a 100 per cent record achieved by largely cautious football. They struggled to a 1–0 success over Austria thanks to an immediate impact by substitute Salvatore 'Toto' Schillaci, who had played only one international before but would become a star during the tournament. A second 1–0 victory followed against a United States team already thumped 5–1 by Czechoslovakia, but showing much more resilience against the Italians. The Czechs ended runners-up in the group, while the USA's first appearance in a World Cup Finals since 1950 ended abruptly after three consecutive defeats.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Italy 3 3 0 0 4 0 +4 6
 Czechoslovakia 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 4
 Austria 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 2
 United States 3 0 0 3 2 8 −6 0
9 June 1990
Italy  1 – 0  Austria Stadio Olimpico, Rome
10 June 1990
United States  1 – 5  Czechoslovakia Stadio Comunale, Florence
14 June 1990
Italy  1 – 0  United States Stadio Olimpico, Rome
15 June 1990
Austria  0 – 1  Czechoslovakia Stadio Comunale, Florence
19 June 1990
Austria  2 – 1  United States Stadio Comunale, Florence
Italy  2 – 0  Czechoslovakia Stadio Olimpico, Rome

Group B

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Group B

Group B opened the tournament with a shock in the first match, as Cameroon defeated reigning champions Argentina. Despite ending the match with only nine men, the African team held on for a shock 1–0 win. In their second game the introduction of Roger Milla was the catalyst for a 2–1 over Romania, Milla scoring twice from the bench (making him the oldest goalscorer in the tournament). With progression assured, Cameroon slumped to a 4–0 defeat in their final group game to a Soviet Union side desperately, and unsuccessfully, striving to stay in the tournament on goal difference. A 1–1 draw between Romania and Argentina sent both through, the latter struggling through as one of the best third-placed teams.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Cameroon 3 2 0 1 3 5 −2 4
 Romania 3 1 1 1 4 3 +1 3
 Argentina 3 1 1 1 3 2 +1 3
 Soviet Union 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 2
8 June 1990
Argentina  0 – 1  Cameroon San Siro, Milan
9 June 1990
Soviet Union  0 – 2  Romania Stadio San Nicola, Bari
13 June 1990
Argentina  2 – 0  Soviet Union Stadio San Paolo, Naples
14 June 1990
Cameroon  2 – 1  Romania Stadio San Nicola, Bari
18 June 1990
Argentina  1 – 1  Romania Stadio San Paolo, Naples
Cameroon  0 – 4  Soviet Union Stadio San Nicola, Bari

Group C

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Group C

Another surprise team emerged from Group C. Costa Rica beat Scotland 1–0 in their first match, held Brazil to another 1–0 scoreline in their second, then saw off Sweden 2–1 to claim a place in the second round. Brazil bore little resemblance to the free-flowing, free scoring Brazilian sides of earlier years, but they still took maximum points from the group. They began with a 2–1 win over Sweden, then beat both Costa Rica and Scotland 1–0. Scotland's 2–1 win over Sweden was not enough to save them from an early return home as one of the two lowest-ranked third-placed teams.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Brazil 3 3 0 0 4 1 +3 6
 Costa Rica 3 2 0 1 3 2 +1 4
 Scotland 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 2
 Sweden 3 0 0 3 3 6 −3 0
10 June 1990
Brazil  2 – 1  Sweden Stadio Delle Alpi, Turin
11 June 1990
Costa Rica  1 – 0  Scotland Stadio Luigi Ferraris, Genoa
16 June 1990
Brazil  1 – 0  Costa Rica Stadio Delle Alpi, Turin
Sweden  1 – 2  Scotland Stadio Luigi Ferraris, Genoa
20 June 1990
Brazil  1 – 0  Scotland Stadio Delle Alpi, Turin
Sweden  1 – 2  Costa Rica Stadio Luigi Ferraris, Genoa

Group D

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Group D

Group D featured the highest amount of goals of all the groups, but a lot of them were due to the defensive inadequacies of a United Arab Emirates team that lost 2–0 to Colombia, 5–1 to West Germany and 4–1 to Yugoslavia. All three of the UAE's first round opponents reached the last 16, with West Germany topping the group after an impressive 4–1 opening victory over group runners-up Yugoslavia.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 West Germany 3 2 1 0 10 3 +7 5
 Yugoslavia 3 2 0 1 6 5 +1 4
 Colombia 3 1 1 1 3 2 +1 3
 United Arab Emirates 3 0 0 3 2 11 −9 0
9 June 1990
United Arab Emirates  0 – 2  Colombia Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna
10 June 1990
West Germany  4 – 1  Yugoslavia San Siro, Milan
14 June 1990
Yugoslavia  1 – 0  Colombia Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna
15 June 1990
West Germany  5 – 1  United Arab Emirates San Siro, Milan
19 June 1990
West Germany  1 – 1  Colombia San Siro, Milan
Yugoslavia  4 – 1  United Arab Emirates Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna

Group E

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Group E

The winners of Group E were Spain, for whom Michel hit a hat-trick as they beat South Korea 3–1 in an unbeaten group campaign. Belgium won their first two games against South Korea and Uruguay to ensure their progress, but Uruguay's advance to the second round came only with an injury time winner against group minnows South Korea to edge them through as the weakest of the third-placed sides to remain in the tournament.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Spain 3 2 1 0 5 2 +3 5
 Belgium 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 4
 Uruguay 3 1 1 1 2 3 −1 3
 South Korea 3 0 0 3 1 6 −5 0
12 June 1990
Belgium  2 – 0  South Korea Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi, Verona
13 June 1990
Uruguay  0 – 0  Spain Stadio Friuli, Udine
17 June 1990
Belgium  3 – 1  Uruguay Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi, Verona
South Korea  1 – 3  Spain Stadio Friuli, Udine
21 June 1990
Belgium  1 – 2  Spain Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi, Verona
South Korea  0 – 1  Uruguay Stadio Friuli, Udine

Group F

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Group F

Group F was one of the tightest groups in World Cup history. In its six games, featuring European champions the Netherlands, England, the Republic of Ireland and Egypt, no team managed to score more than once in a match, and only one match failed to end a draw. The decisive result was England's 1–0 victory over Egypt, thanks to a headed goal by Mark Wright, which won them the group and eliminated the Africans. For the first time in World Cup history, the drawing of lots was required to divide two teams, as Ireland and the Netherlands ended with identical results.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 England 3 1 2 0 2 1 +1 4
 Republic of Ireland 3 0 3 0 2 2 0 3
 Netherlands 3 0 3 0 2 2 0 3
 Egypt 3 0 2 1 1 2 −1 2

Note: The Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands finished with identical records. With both teams assured of progressing, they were split by the drawing of lots to determine second and third place.

11 June 1990
England  1 – 1  Republic of Ireland Stadio Sant'Elia, Cagliari
12 June 1990
Netherlands  1 – 1  Egypt Stadio La Favorita, Palermo
16 June 1990
England  0 – 0  Netherlands Stadio Sant'Elia, Cagliari
17 June 1990
Republic of Ireland  0 – 0  Egypt Stadio La Favorita, Palermo
21 June 1990
England  1 – 0  Egypt Stadio Sant'Elia, Cagliari
Republic of Ireland  1 – 1  Netherlands Stadio La Favorita, Palermo

Third place qualifiers for round of 16

Group Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
B  Argentina 3 1 1 1 3 2 +1 3
D  Colombia 3 1 1 1 3 2 +1 3
F  Netherlands 3 0 3 0 2 2 0 3
E  Uruguay 3 1 1 1 2 3 −1 3
A  Austria 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 2
C  Scotland 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 2

Knockout stage

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup knockout stage

The knockout stage was a single-elimination tournament involving the sixteen teams that qualified from the group stage of the tournament. There were four rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering that round. The successive rounds were: Round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals, final. There was also a play-off to decide third/fourth place. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by thirty minutes of extra time (two fifteen minute halves); if scores were still level there would be a penalty shootout (at least five penalties each, and more if necessary) to determine who progressed to the next round. Scores after extra time are indicated by (a.e.t.), and penalty shoot outs are indicated by (pen.).

 
Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
              
 
25 June – Rome
 
 
 Italy2
 
30 June – Rome
 
 Uruguay0
 
 Italy1
 
25 June – Genoa
 
 Republic of Ireland0
 
 Romania0 (4)
 
3 July – Naples
 
 Republic of Ireland (pen.)0 (5)
 
 Italy1 (3)
 
26 June – Verona
 
 Argentina (pen.)1 (4)
 
 Spain1
 
30 June – Florence
 
 Yugoslavia (a.e.t.)2
 
 Yugoslavia0 (2)
 
24 June – Turin
 
 Argentina (pen.)0 (3)
 
 Brazil0
 
8 July – Rome
 
 Argentina1
 
 Argentina0
 
24 June – Milan
 
 West Germany1
 
 West Germany2
 
1 July – Milan
 
 Netherlands1
 
 West Germany1
 
23 June – Bari
 
 Czechoslovakia0
 
 Czechoslovakia4
 
3 July – Turin
 
 Costa Rica1
 
 West Germany (pen.)1 (4)
 
26 June – Bologna
 
 England1 (3) Third place
 
 England (a.e.t.)1
 
1 July – Naples7 July – Bari
 
 Belgium0
 
 England (a.e.t.)3 Italy2
 
23 June – Naples
 
 Cameroon2  England1
 
 Cameroon (a.e.t.)2
 
 
 Colombia1
 

Round of 16

The second round featured some intriguing fixtures. Two of the ties – Argentina vs Brazil and Italy vs Uruguay – pitted former champion countries against each other, and West Germany met the Netherlands in a rematch of the 1974 World Cup Final.

The all-South American game turned out to be a tight, edgy affair, won for Argentina by a goal from Claudio Caniggia with ten minutes remaining after a magical run through the Brazilian defence by Diego Maradona - who later claimed that water offered to Brazilian midfielder Branco by a member of the Argentinian staff during this game contained a tranquilizer[11] - and an outstanding performance from their goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea, who also rode his luck in several Brazilian goal misses. A strong second half showing from Italy saw them beat Uruguay 2–0, thanks to another goal from Schillaci and one from Aldo Serena.

The West Germany–Netherlands clash was appropriately held in Milan, with both sides featuring several notable players from the two Milanese clubs. The match turned ugly after 22 minutes when Rudi Völler and Frank Rijkaard, in an infamous moment, were dismissed after a bizarre spitting incident. Early in the second half, Jürgen Klinsmann put the West Germans ahead and Andreas Brehme added a second with eight minutes left. A Ronald Koeman penalty for the Netherlands in the 89th minute narrowed the score to 2–1 but the Germans saw the game out to gain some revenge for their exit to the Dutch in the previous European Championship.

Meanwhile, the heroics of Cameroon and Roger Milla continued in their game with Colombia. Milla was introduced as a second half substitute with the game goalless, eventually breaking the deadlock with the game midway into extra time. Three minutes later he netted a second after Colombian goalkeeper, Rene Higuita, well-known for his penchant to join his team's attack, was dispossessed by Milla while well out of his goal, leaving the striker free to slot the ball into the empty net. Though the deficit was soon reduced to 2-1, Cameroon held on to become the first African team ever to reach the World Cup quarter-finals. The other first-round giant-killers fared less well, however, as Costa Rica were comfortably beaten 4–1 by Czechoslovakia, for whom Tomáš Skuhravý scored the tournament's second and final hat-trick.

The Republic of Ireland's match with Romania remained goalless after extra time, and the Irish side won through 5–4 on penalties. David O'Leary converted the penalty that clinched Ireland's place in the quarter-finals. Ireland thus achieved the remarkable feat of reaching the last eight in a World Cup finals tournament without actually winning a match outright. Yugoslavia beat Spain 2–1 after extra time, with Dragan Stojković scoring both the Yugoslavs' goals. England were the final qualifier against a largely dominating Belgium, but with midfielder David Platt's swiveling volley breaking the stalemate with the game moments away from a shootout to see them through.

Cameroon 2 – 1 (a.e.t.) Colombia
Milla 106', 109' Report Redín 115'
Attendance: 50,026
Referee: Tullio Lanese (Italy)
Czechoslovakia 4 – 1 Costa Rica
Skuhravý 12', 63', 82'
Kubík 75'		 Report González 54'
Attendance: 47,673
Brazil 0 – 1 Argentina
Report Caniggia 80'
Attendance: 61,381
West Germany 2 – 1 Netherlands
Klinsmann 51'
Brehme 82'		 Report R. Koeman 89' (pen.)
Attendance: 74,559
Republic of Ireland 0 – 0 (a.e.t.) Romania
Report
Attendance: 31,818

Template:Penshootoutbox

Italy 2 – 0 Uruguay
Schillaci 65'
Serena 85'		 Report
Attendance: 73,303
Spain 1 – 2 (a.e.t.) Yugoslavia
Salinas 83' Report Stojković 78', 92'
Attendance: 35,500
England 1 – 0 (a.e.t.) Belgium
Platt 119' Report
Attendance: 34,520

Quarter-finals

The first game of the last 8 saw Argentina and a Yugoslav side, reduced 10 men after only half an hour, play out a goalless stalemate. The holders reached the semi-finals after winning the penalty shoot-out 3–2, despite Maradona having his penalty saved. A second Argentine miss (by Pedro Troglio) looked to have eliminated them until goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea – only playing because first choice Nery Pumpido broke his leg during the group stage – rescued his side by stopping the Yugoslavs' final two spotkicks.

The Republic of Ireland's World Cup run was brought to an end by a single goal from Schillaci in the first half of their quarter-final with hosts Italy. Another dull match saw West Germany advance after defeating Czechoslovakia with a 25th minute Lothar Matthäus penalty.

The final quarter final was the most dramatic, as Cameroon came to within seven minutes of the semi finals. After David Platt headed England ahead in the 25th minute of their quarter-final fixture, the half time introduction of Roger Milla turned the game on its head in the space of five second half minutes. First, Cameroon were awarded a penalty, from which Emmanuel Kundé equalised, before Eugène Ekéké put them ahead. But with a semi final place on the horizon, they conceded a penalty, which Gary Lineker gratefully converted to level matters. Midway through extra time, England were awarded another penalty that Lineker again converted to send them through to the semi-finals for the first time on foreign soil.

Yugoslavia 0 – 0 (a.e.t.) Argentina
Report
Attendance: 38,971

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Italy 1 – 0 Republic of Ireland
Schillaci 38' Report
Attendance: 73,303
West Germany 1 – 0 Czechoslovakia
Matthäus 25' (pen.) Report
Attendance: 73,347
Referee: Helmut Kohl (Austria)
England 3 – 2 (a.e.t.) Cameroon
Platt 25'
Lineker 83' (pen.), 105' (pen.)		 Report Kundé 61' (pen.)
Ekéké 65'
Attendance: 55,205

Semi-finals

The first semi-final pitted the host nation, Italy, against the world champion, Argentina. 'Toto' Schillaci scored yet again to put Italy ahead in the 17th minute, but Claudio Caniggia equalised midway through the second half, the first player to breach the Italian defence in a World Cup record 517 minutes' play. After no further goals the game went to a shootout which Argentina won 4–3, after Roberto Donadoni and Aldo Serena both had their kicks saved by Sergio Goycochea. This was to be the first of three consecutive World Cup tournaments the Italians would exit on penalties. Argentina's decisive penalty had been converted by Diego Maradona, who playing in his home city of Naples had urged locals to support him rather than their homeland, creating a more muted atmosphere than the Azzurri's previous games in Rome.[9]

The second semi-final was a repeat of the 1966 World Cup Final between West Germany and England. The deadlock was broken on the hour mark when a free kick from Andreas Brehme was heavily deflected by the on-rushing Paul Parker, sending the ball looping into the net. With 10 minutes left, Gary Lineker equalised for England, forcing extra-time. In the 99th minute, England's Paul Gascoigne received his second yellow card of the competition and the English player, in perhaps the most iconic moment of the tournament, openly wept at the realisation that he would not be allowed to play in the final were England to advance. Extra-time ended without any further scoring and the game went to penalty kicks, where West Germany won their third straight World Cup shoot-out, 4–3, to take them to a third consecutive final.

Italy 1 – 1 (a.e.t.) Argentina
Schillaci 17' Report Caniggia 67'
Attendance: 59,978

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West Germany 1 – 1 (a.e.t.) England
Brehme 60' Report Lineker 80'
Attendance: 62,628

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Third place match

Italy and England, both defeated on penalties in their semi finals contested the game for the bronze medal. An uninspiring game, eventually saw three goals in a fifteen minute spell. Roberto Baggio opened the scoring after a rare mistake by England's goalkeeper Peter Shilton, in his final game before international retirement, presented a simple opportunity. A header by David Platt levelled the game 10 minutes later but Schillaci was adjudged to have been felled in the penalty area five minutes later leading to a penalty. Schillaci himself got up to convert the kick to win him the tournament's Golden Shoe for his six goal tally and give the hosts third place.

Italy 2 – 1 England
Baggio 71'
Schillaci 86' (pen.)		 Report Platt 81'
Attendance: 51,426

Final

Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Final

The final between West Germany and Argentina has frequently been cited as the most cynical and lowest quality of all World Cup Finals.[12][13][14][15][16] In the 65th minute, the game produced a World Cup first when Argentina's Pedro Monzon was sent off for a foul on Jürgen Klinsmann, becoming the first player ever to be sent off in a World Cup Final.

Argentina, weakened by suspension and injury, offered little attacking threat throughout a contest dominated by the West Germans, who struggled to create many clear goalscoring opportunities. The only goal of the contest arrived in the 85th minute when Mexican referee Edgardo Codesal Mendez awarded a penalty to West Germany, after a foul on Rudi Völler by Roberto Sensini. Andreas Brehme converted to spot kick to settle the contest. In the closing moments, Argentina were reduced to nine after Gustavo Dezotti received the second red card of the game after he hauled Jürgen Kohler to the ground during a stoppage in play. The 1–0 scoreline provided another first: Argentina were the first team to fail to score in a World Cup Final.

With its third title (and three second place finishes) West Germany – in its final tournament before national reunification – became the most successful World Cup nation for four years, until Brazil won their fourth title in 1994. West German manager Franz Beckenbauer became the only man to both captain (in 1974) and manage a World Cup winning team, and only the second man (after Mário Zagallo of Brazil) to win the World Cup as a player and as team manager.

West Germany 1 – 0 Argentina
Brehme 85' (pen.) Report
Attendance: 73,603


 1990 FIFA World Cup Winners 

West Germany
Third title

Awards

Golden Boot Winner Golden Ball Winner Best Young Player FIFA Fair Play Trophy
Italy Salvatore Schillaci Italy Salvatore Schillaci Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Robert Prosinečki  England

All-star team

Goalkeeper Defenders Midfielders Forwards

Argentina Sergio Goycochea
Costa Rica Luis Gabelo Conejo

Germany Andreas Brehme
Germany Guido Buchwald
Italy Franco Baresi

Argentina Diego Maradona
Germany Lothar Matthäus
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dragan Stojkovic
Italy Roberto Donadoni

Italy Salvatore Schillaci
Cameroon Roger Milla
Germany Jürgen Klinsmann

Goalscorers

Salvatore Schillaci received the Golden Shoe award for scoring six goals in the World Cup. This made him the second Italian footballer to have this honour, after Paolo Rossi won the award in 1982. In total, 115 goals were scored by 75 different players (none credited as own goals).

  • There were no own goals scored in the tournament.

Statistics

References and footnotes

  1. ^ "The 1990 World Cup Story on ESPNSoccernet".
  2. ^ "World Cup and Television" (PDF). FIFA. 2006. Retrieved 6 June 2007.
  3. ^ "The FIFA World Cup TV viewing figures" (PDF). FIFA. Retrieved 31 October 2007.
  4. ^ a b "Italy gain vote over Soviet rival". The Times. London. 21 May 1984. p. 21.
  5. ^ "Sports in brief". The Times. London. 3 August 1983. p. 17.
  6. ^ "Sports in brief". The Times. London. 2 September 1983. p. 20.
  7. ^ "World Cup formats". The Times. London. 12 November 1983. p. 18.
  8. ^ "Romania could join the boycott". The Times. London. 22 May 1984. p. 30.
  9. ^ a b c d "England Is Seeded Sixth In 1990 World Cup in Italy". New York Times. 8 December 1989. Cite error: The named reference "Seedings" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  10. ^ "Cup seedings revealed". New York Times. 30 November 1989.
  11. ^ "Maradona ratificó que le adulteraron el bidón a Branco". Clarin. 2005-03-01.
  12. ^ "Italy 1990". BBC Sport. 17 April 2002.
  13. ^ "World Cup 1990". ESPN Soccernet. 9 November 2009.
  14. ^ Glanville, Brian (2005). The Story of the World Cup. Faber. p. 303. ISBN 0-571-22944-1.
  15. ^ "Winning Ugly, Losing Ugly, Just Plain Ugly". New York Times. 9 July 1990.
  16. ^ "A poor display bare of class". The Times. London. 9 July 1990.
  17. ^ Figure does not include shootouts; penalties were missed during games by: Michal Bílek (Czechoslovakia v USA), Rubén Sosa (Uruguay v Spain), Faruk Hadžibegić (Yugoslavia v Colombia), Gianluca Vialli (Italy v USA) and Enzo Scifo (Belgium v Spain)
  18. ^ Figure does not include second yellow cards that lead to a red card
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