Mixed oxide: Difference between revisions
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The term is usually applied to solid [[ionic compounds]] that contain the oxide [[anion]] O<sup>2−</sup> and two or more element [[cation]]s. A typical example is the mineral [[ilmenite]] (FeTiO<sub>3</sub>), a mixed oxide of [[iron]] (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) and [[titanium]] (Ti<sup>4+</sup>) cations. The cations may be the same element in different ionization states: a notable example is [[magnetite]] Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, which contains the cations Fe<sup>2+</sup> ("ferrous" iron) and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ("ferric" iron) in 1:2 ratio. Other notable examples include the [[ferrite(magnet)|ferrite]]s,<ref name="gman">Alex Goldman (1990), ''Modern ferrite technology''</ref> [[strontium titanate]] SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (which, despite its name, contains Ti<sup>4+</sup> cations and not the TiO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> anion), [[yttrium aluminum garnet]] Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>,<ref>K. Byrappa, Masahiro Yoshimura (2001), ''Handbook of hydrothermal technology''. William Andrew. 870 pages.</ref> and many more. |
The term is usually applied to solid [[ionic compounds]] that contain the oxide [[anion]] O<sup>2−</sup> and two or more element [[cation]]s. A typical example is the mineral [[ilmenite]] (FeTiO<sub>3</sub>), a mixed oxide of [[iron]] (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) and [[titanium]] (Ti<sup>4+</sup>) cations. The cations may be the same element in different ionization states: a notable example is [[magnetite]] Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, which contains the cations Fe<sup>2+</sup> ("ferrous" iron) and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ("ferric" iron) in 1:2 ratio. Other notable examples include the [[ferrite(magnet)|ferrite]]s,<ref name="gman">Alex Goldman (1990), ''Modern ferrite technology''</ref> [[strontium titanate]] SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (which, despite its name, contains Ti<sup>4+</sup> cations and not the TiO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> anion), [[yttrium aluminum garnet]] Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>,<ref>K. Byrappa, Masahiro Yoshimura (2001), ''Handbook of hydrothermal technology''. William Andrew. 870 pages.</ref> and many more. |
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However, the term is sometimes also applied to compounds of oxygen and two or more other elements, where some or all of |
However, the term is sometimes also applied to compounds of oxygen and two or more other elements, where some or all of the oxygen atoms are covalently bound into [[oxoanion]]s.{{clarify|date=June 2009}}{{fact|date=June 2009}}; or to fine mixtures of two or more oxides.{{fact|date=June 2009}} |
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Mixed oxide minerals are plentiful in nature. Synthetic mixed oxides are components of many ceramics with remarkable properties and important advanced technological applications, such as strong [[magnet]]s, fine [[optics]], [[laser]]s, [[semiconductor]]s, [[piezoelectric]]s, [[superconductor]]s, [[catalyst]]s, [[refractory|refractories]], [[gas mantle]]s, [[MOX fuel|nuclear fuel]]s, and more. Piezoelectric mixed oxides, in particular, are extensively used in [[pressure]] and [[strain]] gauges, [[microphone]]s, [[ultrasound]] [[transducer]]s, [[micromanipulator]]s, [[delay line]]s, etc.. |
Mixed oxide minerals are plentiful in nature. Synthetic mixed oxides are components of many ceramics with remarkable properties and important advanced technological applications, such as strong [[magnet]]s, fine [[optics]], [[laser]]s, [[semiconductor]]s, [[piezoelectric]]s, [[superconductor]]s, [[catalyst]]s, [[refractory|refractories]], [[gas mantle]]s, [[MOX fuel|nuclear fuel]]s, and more. Piezoelectric mixed oxides, in particular, are extensively used in [[pressure]] and [[strain]] gauges, [[microphone]]s, [[ultrasound]] [[transducer]]s, [[micromanipulator]]s, [[delay line]]s, etc.. |
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Revision as of 17:24, 14 June 2010
In chemistry, mixed oxide is a somewhat informal name for an oxide of more than one chemical element, or of a single element in several states of oxidation.
The term is usually applied to solid ionic compounds that contain the oxide anion O2− and two or more element cations. A typical example is the mineral ilmenite (FeTiO3), a mixed oxide of iron (Fe2+) and titanium (Ti4+) cations. The cations may be the same element in different ionization states: a notable example is magnetite Fe3O4, which contains the cations Fe2+ ("ferrous" iron) and Fe3+ ("ferric" iron) in 1:2 ratio. Other notable examples include the ferrites,[1] strontium titanate SrTiO3 (which, despite its name, contains Ti4+ cations and not the TiO32- anion), yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12,[2] and many more.
However, the term is sometimes also applied to compounds of oxygen and two or more other elements, where some or all of the oxygen atoms are covalently bound into oxoanions.[clarification needed][citation needed]; or to fine mixtures of two or more oxides.[citation needed]
Mixed oxide minerals are plentiful in nature. Synthetic mixed oxides are components of many ceramics with remarkable properties and important advanced technological applications, such as strong magnets, fine optics, lasers, semiconductors, piezoelectrics, superconductors, catalysts, refractories, gas mantles, nuclear fuels, and more. Piezoelectric mixed oxides, in particular, are extensively used in pressure and strain gauges, microphones, ultrasound transducers, micromanipulators, delay lines, etc..
References
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