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'''Urogynecology''' is a surgical sub-specialty of [[urology]] and [[gynecology]].
'''Urogynecology''' is a surgical sub-specialty of [[urology]] and [[gynecology]].
==History==
In 1893, [[Howard Kelly]], a gynecologist and pioneering urogynecologist, invented an air [[cystoscope]] which was simply a handheld, hollow tube with a glass partition. <ref>[[Howard Kelly | Kelly HA.]] Medical Gynecology. New York: Appleton, 1908.</ref> When the American Surgical Society, later the [[American college of surgeons | American College of Surgeons]], met in Baltimore in 1900, a contest was held between [[Howard Kelly]] and [[Hugh H. Young | Hugh Hampton Young]], who is often considered the father of modern urology. <ref>[[Hugh H. Young]]</ref> Using his air cystoscope, Kelly inserted ureteral catheters in a female patient in just 3 minutes. Young equaled this time in a male patient. <ref>[[Hugh H. Young | Young HH.]] A Surgeon's Autobiography. New York: Harcourt, 1940.</ref> So began the friendly competitive rivalry between gynecologists and urologists in the area of female urology and urogynecology.


==Education and training==
==Education and training==
Gynecologists who practice this sub-specialty are called urogynecologists and urologists who practice this sub-specialty are called female urologists. In the United States, urogynecologists have completed medical school and a four-year residency in obstetrics and gynecology and female urologists have completed medical school and a five-year residency in urology. These doctors become specialists with additional training and experience in the evaluation and treatment of conditions that affect the female pelvic organs, and the muscles and connective tissue that support the organs. The additional training focuses on the surgical and non-surgical treatment of non-cancerous gynecologic problems.<ref name="urlWhat is a Urogynecologist?">{{Citation |url=http://www.mypelvichealth.org/ToolsforPatients/WhatisaUrogynecologist/tabid/140/Default.aspx |title=What is a Urogynecologist? |author=American Urogynecologic Society |accessdate=2010-08-12}}</ref>
Gynecologists who practice this sub-specialty are called urogynecologists and urologists who practice this sub-specialty are called female urologists. In the United States, urogynecologists have completed medical school and a four-year residency in obstetrics and gynecology and female urologists have completed medical school and a five-year residency in urology. These doctors become specialists with additional training and experience in the evaluation and treatment of conditions that affect the female pelvic organs, and the muscles and connective tissue that support the organs. The additional training focuses on the surgical and non-surgical treatment of non-cancerous gynecologic problems.<ref name="urlWhat is a Urogynecologist?">{{Citation |url=http://www.mypelvichealth.org/ToolsforPatients/WhatisaUrogynecologist/tabid/140/Default.aspx |title=What is a Urogynecologist? |author=American Urogynecologic Society |accessdate=2010-08-12}}</ref>


A few practitioners have completed a board-accredited [[fellowship (medicine)|fellowship]] in [[female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery]] after completing a residency in [[urology]] or [[obstetrics]] and [[gynecology]]. The first fellowship received accreditation in 1996.<ref name="urlUrogynecology Associates Fellowship Program">{{Citation |url=http://myurogyn.com/fellowship.htm |author=Urogynecology Associates |title=Urogynecology Associates Fellowship Program |accessdate=2010-08-13}}</ref> As of January 2010, there were 30 fellowship programs approved by both the [[American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology]] and the [[American Board of Urology]]. <ref name="urlAccredited Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowships">{{Citation |url=http://abog.org/publications/FPMPROGS-1-10.pdf |title=Accredited Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowships |date=January, 2010 |author=American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology |accessdate=2010-08-12}}</ref> These fellowships are three-years for obstetrician-gynecologists and two-years for urologists. Thus, the combined duration of training for female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery is seven years after medical school for both urologists and gynecologists. The International Urogynecology Journal publishes a listing of world-wide training programs. <ref name="urlUrogynecology Fellowship Training Program Directory">{{Citation |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/0241526v6x675762/ |title=Urogynecology Fellowship Training Program Directory |date=June, 2009 |author=The International Urogynecological Association |accessdate=2010-08-13 Requires Paid Subscription}}</ref>
A few practitioners have completed a board-accredited [[fellowship (medicine)|fellowship]] in [[female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery]] after completing a residency in [[urology]] or [[obstetrics]] and [[gynecology]]. The first fellowship received accreditation in 1996.<ref name="urlUrogynecology Associates Fellowship Program">{{Citation |url=http://myurogyn.com/fellowship.htm |author=Urogynecology Associates |title=Urogynecology Associates Fellowship Program |accessdate=2010-08-13}}</ref> As of January 2010, there were 30 fellowship programs approved by both the [[American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology]] [[http://www.abog.org]] and the [[American Board of Urology]] [[http://www.abu.org]]. <ref name="urlAccredited Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowships">{{Citation |url=http://abog.org/publications/FPMPROGS-1-10.pdf |title=Accredited Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowships |date=January, 2010 |author=American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology |accessdate=2010-08-12}}</ref> These fellowships are three-years for obstetrician-gynecologists and two-years for urologists. Thus, the combined duration of training for female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery is seven years after medical school for both urologists and gynecologists. The International Urogynecology Journal publishes a listing of world-wide training programs. <ref name="urlUrogynecology Fellowship Training Program Directory">{{Citation |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/0241526v6x675762/ |title=Urogynecology Fellowship Training Program Directory |date=June, 2009 |author=The International Urogynecological Association |accessdate=2010-08-13 Requires Paid Subscription}}</ref>


==Scope of practice==
==Scope of practice==
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* [http://abog.org/publications/FPMRSGUIDE03.pdf Guide to Learning in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery] (PDF) Retrieved 2010-08-12.
* [http://abog.org/publications/FPMRSGUIDE03.pdf Guide to Learning in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery] (PDF) Retrieved 2010-08-12.
*[http://www.iuga.org International Urogynecological Association]
*[http://www.iuga.org International Urogynecological Association]
*[http://www.sufuorg.com Society for Urodynamics and Female Urology]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]

Revision as of 00:40, 15 August 2010

Urogynecologist
Occupation
NamesDoctor, Medical Specialist, Surgeon
Occupation type
Gynecology, Urology, Specialty, Surgery
Activity sectors
Medicine, Surgery
Description
CompetenciesPatient Care, Education, Research
Education required
Doctor of Medicine
Fields of
employment
Hospitals, Clinics
Related jobs
Gynecologist, Urologist

Urogynecology is a surgical sub-specialty of urology and gynecology.

History

In 1893, Howard Kelly, a gynecologist and pioneering urogynecologist, invented an air cystoscope which was simply a handheld, hollow tube with a glass partition. [1] When the American Surgical Society, later the American College of Surgeons, met in Baltimore in 1900, a contest was held between Howard Kelly and Hugh Hampton Young, who is often considered the father of modern urology. [2] Using his air cystoscope, Kelly inserted ureteral catheters in a female patient in just 3 minutes. Young equaled this time in a male patient. [3] So began the friendly competitive rivalry between gynecologists and urologists in the area of female urology and urogynecology.

Education and training

Gynecologists who practice this sub-specialty are called urogynecologists and urologists who practice this sub-specialty are called female urologists. In the United States, urogynecologists have completed medical school and a four-year residency in obstetrics and gynecology and female urologists have completed medical school and a five-year residency in urology. These doctors become specialists with additional training and experience in the evaluation and treatment of conditions that affect the female pelvic organs, and the muscles and connective tissue that support the organs. The additional training focuses on the surgical and non-surgical treatment of non-cancerous gynecologic problems.[4]

A few practitioners have completed a board-accredited fellowship in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery after completing a residency in urology or obstetrics and gynecology. The first fellowship received accreditation in 1996.[5] As of January 2010, there were 30 fellowship programs approved by both the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology [[1]] and the American Board of Urology [[2]]. [6] These fellowships are three-years for obstetrician-gynecologists and two-years for urologists. Thus, the combined duration of training for female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery is seven years after medical school for both urologists and gynecologists. The International Urogynecology Journal publishes a listing of world-wide training programs. [7]

Scope of practice

Urogynecology involves the diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence and female pelvic floor disorders. Incontinence and pelvic floor problems are remarkably common but many women are reluctant to receive help because of the stigma associated with these conditions. "There is no more distressing lesion than urinary incontinence-A constant dribbling of the repulsive urine soaking the clothes which cling wet and cold to the thighs, making the patient offensive to herself and her family and ostracizing her from society"[8] Although countless women are bothered by a loss of bladder control, bowel symptoms, and pelvic discomfort they are often not aware that these problems have a name much less how common they really are. Pelvic floor conditions are more common than hypertension, depression, or diabetes. One in three adult women have hypertension;[9] one in twenty adult women have depression;[10] one in ten adult women have diabetes;[11] and, more than one in two adult women suffer from pelvic floor dysfunction. [12]

Some conditions treated in urogynecology practice include[13]:

Diagnostic tests and procedures performed include[13]:

Specialty treatments available include[13]:

See Also

References

  1. ^ Kelly HA. Medical Gynecology. New York: Appleton, 1908.
  2. ^ Hugh H. Young
  3. ^ Young HH. A Surgeon's Autobiography. New York: Harcourt, 1940.
  4. ^ American Urogynecologic Society, What is a Urogynecologist?, retrieved 2010-08-12
  5. ^ Urogynecology Associates, Urogynecology Associates Fellowship Program, retrieved 2010-08-13
  6. ^ American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (January, 2010), Accredited Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowships (PDF), retrieved 2010-08-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ The International Urogynecological Association (June, 2009), Urogynecology Fellowship Training Program Directory, retrieved 2010-08-13 Requires Paid Subscription {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  8. ^ Howard Atwood Kelly, M.D, 1928
  9. ^ American Heart Association (2006), High Blood Pressure Statistics, retrieved 2010-08-14
  10. ^ Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (September 2008), Depression in the United States Household Population, 2005-2006, retrieved 2010-08-14
  11. ^ American Diabetes Association (2007), Diabetes Statistics, retrieved 2010-08-14
  12. ^ Goldberg et al. Delivery mode is a major environmental determinant of stress urinary incontinence: results of the Evanston-Northwestern Twin Sisters Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol (2005) vol. 193 (6) pp. 2149-53
  13. ^ a b c Mayo Clinic, Gynecology at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, retrieved 2010-08-14


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