Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways: Difference between revisions
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'''I.S.A.P.''' is the [[acronym]] for the '''Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways''' ({{lang-el|'''Η.Σ.Α.Π.''' - Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι Αθηνών-Πειραιώς}}, Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi Athinon - Pireos), the oldest urban [[rapid transit]] system of [[Athens]] metropolitan area in [[Greece]]. It is the second-oldest underground metro system in the world, after the Metropolitan Railway, of 1863, now a part of the London Underground. The current line evolved from the older ''Athens & Piraeus Railway'' and ''[[Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway]]''. Today it is often shown on maps and route diagrams as part of [[ |
'''I.S.A.P.''' is the [[acronym]] for the '''Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways''' ({{lang-el|'''Η.Σ.Α.Π.''' - Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι Αθηνών-Πειραιώς}}, Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi Athinon - Pireos), the oldest urban [[rapid transit]] system of [[Athens]]-[[Piraeus]] metropolitan area in [[Greece]]. It is the second-oldest underground metro system in the world, after the Metropolitan Railway, of 1863, now a part of the London Underground. The current line evolved from the older ''Athens & Piraeus Railway'' and ''[[Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway]]''. Today it is often shown on maps and route diagrams as part of [[Attica Metro]], comprising Line 1 (Green Line), although it is owned and operated by a separate company. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Revision as of 04:25, 18 September 2010
| File:ISAP-logo.png | |
| Company type | S.A. (corporation) |
|---|---|
| Industry | Railway |
| Predecessor | Hellenic Electric Railways (ΕΗΣ) |
| Founded | 1976 |
| Headquarters | Athens , Greece |
Area served | Athens-Piraeus metropolitan area |
| Services | Railway Athens-Piraeus-Kifissia |
| Owner | OASA S.A. |
Number of employees | 1284 |
| Website | http://www.isap.gr |
I.S.A.P. is the acronym for the Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways (Template:Lang-el, Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi Athinon - Pireos), the oldest urban rapid transit system of Athens-Piraeus metropolitan area in Greece. It is the second-oldest underground metro system in the world, after the Metropolitan Railway, of 1863, now a part of the London Underground. The current line evolved from the older Athens & Piraeus Railway and Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway. Today it is often shown on maps and route diagrams as part of Attica Metro, comprising Line 1 (Green Line), although it is owned and operated by a separate company.
History
Athens and Piraeus Railway
The line from Piraeus to Thision was inaugurated in February 27, 1869 as a steam train connecting Athens and its port, Piraeus, and was operated by Athens & Piraeus Railway Co (Template:Lang-el or Σ.Α.Π.). It was the fourth urban rapid transit system to be constructed in the world. The project was considered important, so Queen Olga and the Prime Minister Thrasyvoulos Zaimis attended the inauguration ceremony. There were 8 trains in each direction daily and 9 trains in each direction on Sundays.
In 1874 the Athens & Piraeus Railway Company was bought by the Bank of Industrial Credit (Template:Lang-el). Under the new ownership the railway procured additional rolling stock. Soon the line was extended to Omonoia Square with an underground section constructed with the cut-and-cover method.
The line was electrified in 1904 using the 600V DC, third rail, top contact system (today increased to 750V DC) by Thomson Houston.
Hellenic Electric Railways Company
In 1926 the operating company was bought by the Power and Traction Finance Ltd and renamed Ellinikoi Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi (E.I.S., Template:Lang-el or Ε.Η.Σ., translated as Hellenic Electric Railways). [1] In 1926 the sister company Ilektriki Etaireia Metaforon or H.E.M., also part of Power Group, took over the 1 Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway. This line was eventually converted to standard gauge, double track and became an extension of the existing line, reaching Attiki in 1948 and Kifissia in 1958.
In 1976 E.I.S. was nationalized and renamed Athens-Piraeus Electric Railway S.A. (I.S.A.P). [2]
Network and stations
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Network
Today the only line of ISAP connects the port of Piraeus with the northern suburb of Kifissia. As it was originally designed for steam traction, the line runs mostly above ground. However there are no level crossings. It is built to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge and is electrified using the 750V DC (originally 600V DC), third rail, top contact system, also used by Athens Metro Lines 2 and 3. The two systems (ISAP and Metro Line 2) have a physical connection at Attiki station.
From Piraeus the line runs eastwards to Neo Faliro and then north to Thision, approximately parallel to the main road connecting Athens and Piraeus. Between Monastiraki and Attiki the line runs underground. At Monastiraki passengers can change to Metro line 3 and at Omonoia and Attiki to Metro line 2. From Attiki the line continues north, following the alignment of the old "Attica Railways" through Patissia, the suburbs of Nea Ionia, Irakleio, Marousi and terminates at Kifissia. At Nerantziotissa passengers can change to the suburban line serving Athens International Airport.
Stations
- Piraeus, next to the port, is the southernmost station of ISAP. The Electric Railways Museum of Piraeus, a small museum of urban transport (ISAP and former tram lines) is located in the station, at the former Post Office. A train depot and rolling stock repair facilities are located next to the station. Part of the station and most adjacent engine sheds and works were destroyed by Allied bombing during World War II, on January 11, 1944.
- Faliro, near Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex (Peace and Friendship Stadium and Karaiskákis Stadium) and close to a terminal of Athens Tram. The station includes a rolling stock depot.
- Moschato
- Kallithea
- Tavros, with a train reversing siding.
- Petralona
- Thission - Next to the passenger station there is a train depot and the permanent way maintenance department, with some specialized departmental rolling stock.
- Monastiraki, passenger interchange with Athens Metro Line 3.
- Omonoia, passenger interchange with Athens Metro Line 2.
- Victoria
- Attiki, passenger interchange with Athens Metro Line 2. At this station there is also a railway connection with the Athens Metro system.
- Agios Nikolaos
- Kato Patissia
- Agios Eleftherios
- Ano Patissia, with a train reversing siding.
- Perissos
- Pefkakia
- Nea Ionia, with a train reversing siding.
- Heraklio, with a train reversing siding.
- Eirini, near the Athens Olympic Stadium. The signalling and control center for the ISAP line is located next to the station.
- Nerantziotissa, passenger interchange with the Proastiakos suburban services.
- Maroussi
- KAT, near the KAT Hospital
- Kifissia, the northernmost terminus.
Rolling stock
Steam locomotives
In the early period (1869-1904) the railway used 22 steam tank locomotives of about 6 different types. The majority were of 2-4-0T configuration, made in the United Kingdom by Hudswell-Clarke and Sharp-Stewart. [3]
First generation EMUs
Since electrification (1904) the railway used almost exclusively electric multiple unit (EMU) trains. The vehicles are classified in batches (or deliveries). The first four batches consisted of wooden passenger cars. Currently only a short train of two wooden railcars is preserved, modified with the addition of Scharfenberg couplers at each end and is displayed during special events.
| Batch | Year | Description | Photograph |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Locomotive hauled stock | ||
| 2nd | 1904 | 40 railcars (20 DM and 20 T) made by Thomson Houston/Desouches David & Cie. Withdrawn in 1985. | 
|
| 3rd | 1914 | 9 railcars made by Baume Marpent/Desouches David & Cie. Withdrawn in 1985. | |
| 4th | 1923 | 12 railcars of the Baume Marpent design, built at Piraeus Works. Withdrawn 1985. | |
| - | 1947-1948 | Rebuilding and modernization of damaged rolling stock |
The first generation rolling stock was numbered as in the following table:[4]
| Marking | number | type |
|---|---|---|
| A1 to A11 | 11 | DT |
| Γ417 to Γ427 | 11 | DT |
| F410 to F418 | 18 | T |
| B601 to B621 | 21 | DM |
| Total | 61 |
Second generation EMUs
The fifth (1951), sixth (1958) and seventh (1968) batches were of steel construction, made by Siemens-MAN. At the same time Scharfenberg couplers were introduced.
| Batch | Year | Configuration | Type | Numbering | Description | Photograph |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5th | 1951 | DM-DT or DM-DTL |
DM | 901-912 | 24 railcars, in 12 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn in 1995. | |
| DTL | 701-706 | |||||
| DT | 801-806 | |||||
| 6th | 1958 | DM-DT or DM-DTL |
DM | 913-928 | 32 railcars, in 16 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn. | 
|
| DTL | 707-714 | |||||
| DT | 807-814 | |||||
| 7th | 1968-1969 | DM-DT or DM-DTL |
DM | 929-937 | 18 railcars, in 8 EMU-2 trains. Some rearranged in EMU-5 trains. Withdrawn. | |
| DTL | 715-718 | |||||
| DT | 815-819 |
Third generation EMUs
Currently ISAP uses only modern trains of batches 8, 10 and 11.[5] Batch 8 (1983-1985) consists of five-car trains made by Siemens-MAN. Trains of batch 9 were made by LEW in the German Democratic Republic and have been withdrawn. The trains of the 10th batch (1994), similar to those of the 8th batch, were built by Hellenic Shipyards S.A. using Simenes-MAN design and mechanical parts. The 11th batch (2002) trains, with three phase AC motors were also constructed by Hellenic Shipyards S.A. using ADtranz-Siemens design and mechanical parts.
| Batch | Year | Configuration | Type | Numbering | Description | Photograph |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8th | 1983-1985 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | DM | 101-145 | 75 railcars made by MAN/Siemens in EMU-5 sets. | 
|
| T | 201-215 | |||||
| DT | 301-315 | |||||
| 9th | 1983-1985 | DM-M+M-DM | DM | 1101-1125 | 50 railcars made of aluminium by LEW (type GIII) in EMU-4 sets later rearranged in EMU-6 (DM-M+M-DM+M-DM). All withdrawn. | 
|
| M | 2201-2225 | |||||
| 10th | 1993-1995 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | DM | 146-175 | 50 railcars made by MAN-AEG/Siemens-Hellenic Shipyards in EMU-5 sets. | |
| T | 216-225 | |||||
| DT | 316-325 | |||||
| 11th | 2000-2004 | DM-T-DM+DM-T-DM | DM | 3101-3180 | 120 railcars coupled in 20 EMU-6 trains. Made by ADtranz-Siemens-Hellenic Shipyards. Nine railcars were destroyed by terrorists at Kifissia station on 2009-03-02. | 
|
| T | 3201-3240 |
Other rolling stock
In 1904 two electric locomotives, numbered 20 and 21, were bought from Thomson-Houston.
In 1911 the railway bought from Goossens two steeple-cab electric locomotives (numbered 31 and 32) and a self-propelled electric freight railcar (41), capable of operating from third line or overhead line. These could operate over the Piraeus Harbour tramway, the Piraeus-Perama light railway as well as on the mainline to Thision and Omonoia. Freight railcar 41 was used initially to carry bags of transcontinental mail unloaded from passenger liners in Piraeus. Locomotive 32 is still in use, with the overhead collector removed.
In addition the railway owns a road-rail Unimog car and a ballast tamper.
During 1981-1984 ISAP leased six four-car, bright yellow trains of narrow loading gauge (type G-I or Gisela) form East Berlin's metro.
Piraeus rolling stock works
Athens & Piraeus Railway, in common with most railways of the steam era, had its own rolling stock heavy maintenance works, located next to Piraeus station. In 1926 this became property of E.I.S. In addition to maintenance, repair and rebuilding, Piraeus works constructed a significant number of railway cars, mostly between 1880 and 1960. The most significant projects were the construction of 12 electric rail cars in 1923 and the rebuilding of rolling stock destroyed by allied bombing in 1944.[6] Another noteworthy project was the construction of a small number of electric trams, based on a Dick Kerr model (1939).
An excellent example of the technical skill available at Piraeus works is the Royal Saloon (1888), a present to King George I of Greece. This luxurious vehicle was much admired and it was exhibited at the 1888 "Olympia Fair" (First Athens International Exhibition) held in Zappeion. The Royal Saloon survives to date, and is exhibited in the Railway Museum of Athens.
Proposed northern extension
An extension to the north is under consideration. If approved, it shall be built in two phases, reaching Nea Erithrea by 2015 and Agios Stefanos by 2018. The proposed new stations are:
- Kifissia (current terminal). A new underground station shall be built, as the line shall sink and enter a tunnel.
- Tatoiou
- Nea Erithrea
- Kastri
- Ethniki Odos Athinon-Lamias
- Anixi (Anoixi)
- Agios Stefanos
Gallery
-
Piraeus station, a historical sample of early 20th century industrial architecture -
Preserved old ISAP rolling stock at Piraeus Depot. -
Preserved electric locomotive no 32 and ballast tamper Y at Thision station sidings. -
ISAP train at the Ancient Agora of Athens.
See also
- Piraeus-Perama light railway
- Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway
- Attica Railways
- Athens Mass Transit System
- Athens Metro
Media related to Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways at Wikimedia Commons
References
- ^ S.A.P./E.I.S. also constructed and operated the Piraeus Harbour Tramway (1908-1960) and the Piraeus-Perama light railway (1936-1977). These were also standard gauge and were used by freight and service S.A.P./E.I.S. trains.
- ^ Law 352 (Gazette Vol A, issue 147, 16 June 1976)
- ^ I. Zartaloudis, D. Karatolos, D. Koutelidis, G. Nathenas, S. Fasoulas, A. Filippoupolitis, A. (1997). Οι Ελληνικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι (Hellenic Railways) (in Greek). Μίλητος (Militos). p. 29. ISBN 960-8460-07-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ G. Nathenas, A. Kourbelis, T. Vlastos, S. Kourouzidis, V. Katsareas, P. Karamanis, A. Klonos, N. Kokkinos (2007). Από τα Παμφορεία στο Μετρό (in Greek). Vol. 2. Athens: Μίλητος (Militos). p. 616. ISBN 978-960-8460-91-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "ISAP vehicles - general information". Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ 130 Χρόνια Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι Αθηνών-Πειραιώς Α.Ε. (130 years of Athens-Piraeus electric railways). ISAP. 1999–2005. pp. 59, 132, 133. ISBN 960-86477-0-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
Further reading
- 130 Χρόνια Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι Αθηνών-Πειραιώς Α.Ε. (130 years of Athens-Piraeus electric railways). ISAP. 1999–2005. ISBN 960-86477-0-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
- G. Nathenas, A. Kourbelis, T. Vlastos, S. Kourouzidis, V. Katsareas, P. Karamanis, A. Klonos, N. Kokkinos (2007). Από τα Παμφορεία στο Μετρό (in Greek). Vol. 2. Athens: Μίλητος (Militos). ISBN 978-960-8460-91-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- I. Zartaloudis, D. Karatolos, D. Koutelidis, G. Nathenas, S. Fasoulas, A. Filippoupolitis, A. (1997). Οι Ελληνικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι (Hellenic Railways) (in Greek). Μίλητος (Militos). pp. 22–37. ISBN 960-8460-07-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Ελληνικοί Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι 1869-1969 (Hellenic Electric Railways 1869-1969) (2nd ed.). Athens, Greece: Hellenic Electric Railways. 1970 (2005). ISBN 960-86477-1-1.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|year=(help)CS1 maint: year (link)