Argead dynasty: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:KAranus.png|thumb|350px|The route of the Argeads from [[Argos]], [[Peloponnese]], to [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]].]] |
[[Image:KAranus.png|thumb|350px|The route of the Argeads from [[Argos]], [[Peloponnese]], to [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]].]] |
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The Argeads claimed descent from the Temenids of Argos, in the [[Peloponnese]], whose legendary ancestor was [[Temenus]], the great-great-grandson of [[Heracles]]. In the excavations of the royal Palace at [[Vergina|Aegae]] Manolis Andronikos discovered in the "tholos" room (according to some scholars "tholos" was the throne room) an inscription relating to that belief.<ref>Andronikos, Manolis. ''Vergina, the Royal Tombs''. Ekdotiki Athinon. The palace of Agai page 38. Inscription found in the Tholo of the palace. “Η επιγραφή αυτή είναι: «ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ», που σημαίνει στον «Πατρώο Ηρακλή», στον Ηρακλή δηλαδή που ήταν γενάρχης της βασιλικής οικογένειας των Μακεδόνων.” {“the inscription is "ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ" which means "father (more properly ancestor) Hercules" dedicated to Hercules who was the ancestor of the Royal family of the Macedonians”}.</ref> This is testified by [[Herodotus]], in ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]]'', where he mentions that three brothers of the lineage of Temenus, Gauanes, [[Aeropus]] and [[Perdiccas I of Macedon|Perdiccas]], fled from Argos to the [[Illyrians]] and then to [[Upper Macedonia]], to a town called Lebaea, where they served the king. The latter asked them to leave his territory, believing in an omen that something great would happen to Perdiccas. The boys went to another part of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], near the garden of [[Midas]], above which mount Bermio stands. There they made their abode and gradually formed their own kingdom.<ref>Herodotus. ''Histories'', [[s:History of Herodotus/Book 8|8.137]].</ref> Herodotus also relates the incident of the participation of [[Alexander I of Macedon]] in the [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] in [[504 BC|504]] or [[500 BC]] where the participation of the Macedonian king was contested by participants on the grounds that he was not Greek. The [[Hellanodikai]], however, after examining his Argead claim confirmed that the |
The Argeads claimed descent from the Temenids of Argos, in the [[Peloponnese]], whose legendary ancestor was [[Temenus]], the great-great-grandson of [[Heracles]]. In the excavations of the royal Palace at [[Vergina|Aegae]] Manolis Andronikos discovered in the "tholos" room (according to some scholars "tholos" was the throne room) an inscription relating to that belief.<ref>Andronikos, Manolis. ''Vergina, the Royal Tombs''. Ekdotiki Athinon. The palace of Agai page 38. Inscription found in the Tholo of the palace. “Η επιγραφή αυτή είναι: «ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ», που σημαίνει στον «Πατρώο Ηρακλή», στον Ηρακλή δηλαδή που ήταν γενάρχης της βασιλικής οικογένειας των Μακεδόνων.” {“the inscription is "ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ" which means "father (more properly ancestor) Hercules" dedicated to Hercules who was the ancestor of the Royal family of the Macedonians”}.</ref> This is testified by [[Herodotus]], in ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]]'', where he mentions that three brothers of the lineage of Temenus, Gauanes, [[Aeropus]] and [[Perdiccas I of Macedon|Perdiccas]], fled from Argos to the [[Illyrians]] and then to [[Upper Macedonia]], to a town called Lebaea, where they served the king. The latter asked them to leave his territory, believing in an omen that something great would happen to Perdiccas. The boys went to another part of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], near the garden of [[Midas]], above which mount Bermio stands. There they made their abode and gradually formed their own kingdom.<ref>Herodotus. ''Histories'', [[s:History of Herodotus/Book 8|8.137]].</ref> Herodotus also relates the incident of the participation of [[Alexander I of Macedon]] in the [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] in [[504 BC|504]] or [[500 BC]] where the participation of the Macedonian king was contested by participants on the grounds that he was not Greek. The [[Hellanodikai]], however, after examining his Argead claim confirmed that the Agreads were in fact Greek and allowed him to participate.<ref>Herodotus. ''Histories'', 5.22.</ref> |
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According to [[Thucydides]], in the ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'', the Argeads were originally Temenids from Argos, who descended from the highlands to Lower Macedonia, expelled the Pierians from [[Pieria]] and acquired in [[Paionia]] a narrow strip along the river [[Vardar|Axios]] extending to [[Pella]] and the sea. They also added [[Mygdonia]] in their territory by the expulsion of the [[Edoni]], [[Eordea]] and Almopia expelling the Eordians and Almopians respectively.<ref>Thucydides. ''History of the Peloponnesian War''. [[s:History of the Peloponnesian War/Book 2|2.99]].</ref> |
According to [[Thucydides]], in the ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'', the Argeads were originally Temenids from Argos, who descended from the highlands to Lower Macedonia, expelled the Pierians from [[Pieria]] and acquired in [[Paionia]] a narrow strip along the river [[Vardar|Axios]] extending to [[Pella]] and the sea. They also added [[Mygdonia]] in their territory by the expulsion of the [[Edoni]], [[Eordea]] and Almopia expelling the Eordians and Almopians respectively.<ref>Thucydides. ''History of the Peloponnesian War''. [[s:History of the Peloponnesian War/Book 2|2.99]].</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:21, 11 October 2010
| House of Argead | |
|---|---|
| Country | Ancient Greece |
| Founded | 808 BC |
| Final ruler | Antigonus I Monophthalmus |
| Titles | Basileus of Macedon |
| Estate(s) | Macedon |
| Dissolution | 310 BC |
Argead dynasty (Greek: Template:Polytonic) was the ancient Greek ruling house of Macedon from about 700 to 310 BC. Their tradition, as described in ancient Greek historiography, traced their origins to Argos, in southern Greece (hence the name Argeads).[1][2] Initially the rulers of the homonymous tribe [3], by the time of Philip II they had expanded their reign further, to include under the rule of Macedon all Upper Macedonian states. The family's most celebrated members were Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great, under whose leadership, the kingdom of Macedon gradually gained predominance throughout Greece, defeated the Achaemenid Empire and expanded as far as Egypt and India.
Origin
The Argeads claimed descent from the Temenids of Argos, in the Peloponnese, whose legendary ancestor was Temenus, the great-great-grandson of Heracles. In the excavations of the royal Palace at Aegae Manolis Andronikos discovered in the "tholos" room (according to some scholars "tholos" was the throne room) an inscription relating to that belief.[4] This is testified by Herodotus, in The Histories, where he mentions that three brothers of the lineage of Temenus, Gauanes, Aeropus and Perdiccas, fled from Argos to the Illyrians and then to Upper Macedonia, to a town called Lebaea, where they served the king. The latter asked them to leave his territory, believing in an omen that something great would happen to Perdiccas. The boys went to another part of Macedonia, near the garden of Midas, above which mount Bermio stands. There they made their abode and gradually formed their own kingdom.[5] Herodotus also relates the incident of the participation of Alexander I of Macedon in the Olympic Games in 504 or 500 BC where the participation of the Macedonian king was contested by participants on the grounds that he was not Greek. The Hellanodikai, however, after examining his Argead claim confirmed that the Agreads were in fact Greek and allowed him to participate.[6]
According to Thucydides, in the History of the Peloponnesian War, the Argeads were originally Temenids from Argos, who descended from the highlands to Lower Macedonia, expelled the Pierians from Pieria and acquired in Paionia a narrow strip along the river Axios extending to Pella and the sea. They also added Mygdonia in their territory by the expulsion of the Edoni, Eordea and Almopia expelling the Eordians and Almopians respectively.[7]
Monarchs
- Karanus 808-778 BCE
- Koinos 778-750 BCE
- Tyrimmas
- Perdiccas I 700-678 BCE
- Argaeus I 678-640 BCE
- Philip I 640-602 BCE
- Aeropus I 602-576 BCE
- Alcetas I 576-547 BCE
- Amyntas I 547-498 BCE
- Alexander I 498-454 BCE
- Perdiccas II 454-413 BCE
- Archelaus 413-399 BCE
- Craterus 399 BCE
- Orestes and Aeropus II 399-396 BCE
- Archelaus II 396-393 BCE
- Amyntas II 393 BCE
- Pausanias 393 BCE
- Amyntas III 393 BCE
- Argaeus II 393-392 BCE
- Amyntas III (restored) 392-370 BCE
- Alexander II 370-368 BCE
- Ptolemy I 368-365 BCE
- Perdiccas III 365-359 BCE
- Amyntas IV 359-356 BCE
- Philip II 359-336 BCE
- Alexander III (the Great) 336-323 BCE
- Antipater, Regent of Macedon 334-323 BCE
- Philip III Arrhidaeus 323-317 BCE, only titular king
- Alexander IV 323-310 BCE, only titular king
- Perdiccas, Regent of Macedon 323-321 BCE
- Antipater, Regent of Macedon 321-319 BCE
- Polyperchon, Regent of Macedon 319-317 BCE
- Cassander, Regent of Macedon 317-306 BCE
- Antigonus I Monophthalmus Αντίγονος A' 306-301 BCE
See also
- Duane A. March, "The Kings of Makedon: 399-369 BC". Historia (Franz Steiner Verlag) Vol. 44, No. 3 (1995), pp. 257–282.
References
- ^ Hammond, N.G.L. A History of Greece to 323 BC. Cambridge University, 1986, p. 516. "In the early 5th century the royal house of Macedon, the Temenidae was recognised as Greek by the Presidents of the Olympic Games. Their verdict considered themselves to be of Greek descent from Heracles son of Zeus."
- ^ Howatson, M.C. The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 339. "In historical times the royal house traced its descent from the mythical Temenus, king of Argos, who was one of the Heracleidae, and more immediately from Perdiccas I, who left Argos for Illyria, probably in the mid-seventh century BC, and from there captured the Macedonian plain and occupied the fortress of Aegae (Vergina), setting himself up as king of the Macedonians. Thus the kings were of largely Dorian Greek stock (see PHILIP (1)); they presumably spoke a form of Dorian Greek and their cultural tradition had Greek features."
- ^ Guy McLean Rogers. Alexander, the Ambiguity of Greatness. Random House, 2004, p. 316. "According to Strabo, 7. 1 1 ff., the Argeadae were the tribe who were able to make themselves supreme in early Emathia..."
- ^ Andronikos, Manolis. Vergina, the Royal Tombs. Ekdotiki Athinon. The palace of Agai page 38. Inscription found in the Tholo of the palace. “Η επιγραφή αυτή είναι: «ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ», που σημαίνει στον «Πατρώο Ηρακλή», στον Ηρακλή δηλαδή που ήταν γενάρχης της βασιλικής οικογένειας των Μακεδόνων.” {“the inscription is "ΗΡΑΚΛΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΩΙΩΙ" which means "father (more properly ancestor) Hercules" dedicated to Hercules who was the ancestor of the Royal family of the Macedonians”}.
- ^ Herodotus. Histories, 8.137.
- ^ Herodotus. Histories, 5.22.
- ^ Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. 2.99.
External links
- "Argead Dynasty". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 13, 2008.