Jump to content

Electric vehicle charging network: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →France / Italy: linked edf
Change Polish city names to correct, non-german spelling
Line 445: Line 445:
|-
|-
| style="background: #ECC" |<small>3 Planned</small>
| style="background: #ECC" |<small>3 Planned</small>
| Warsaw, Danzig, Kattowitz, <br /> Krakau, Mielec
| Warsaw, Gdanks, Katowice, <br /> Krakow, Mielec
| GreenStream
| GreenStream
| 330
| 330
Line 455: Line 455:
|}
|}


RWE and the [http://www.gs.greenpl.org/en Green Stream Cluster] have started in June 2010 to put up a network of 130 charging stations in Warsaw.<ref name="vehiculedufutur" /> The Grean Stream Cluster project will run until mid of 2011.<ref name="greenpl09">[http://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/aussenwirtschaft/pilotprojekt-polens-autos-werden-elektrisch;2502177 "Polens Autos werden elektrisch"], Handelsblatt, 11. December 2009</ref> The Green Stream Cluster will put up overall 330 charging stations in five cities: Warsaw, Danzig, Kattowitz, Krakau and Mielec.<ref name="greenpl09" /> [http://www.ekoenergetyka.com.pl/ Ekoenergetyka-Zachod] works on an electric vehicle network in the western cities of Zielona Gora (Grünberg), Sulechow, Pila (Schneidemühl) und Sieradz.<ref name="greenpl09" />
RWE and the [http://www.gs.greenpl.org/en Green Stream Cluster] have started in June 2010 to put up a network of 130 charging stations in Warsaw.<ref name="vehiculedufutur" /> The Grean Stream Cluster project will run until mid of 2011.<ref name="greenpl09">[http://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/aussenwirtschaft/pilotprojekt-polens-autos-werden-elektrisch;2502177 "Polens Autos werden elektrisch"], Handelsblatt, 11. December 2009</ref> The Green Stream Cluster will put up overall 330 charging stations in five cities: Warsaw, Gdansk, Katowice, Krakow and Mielec.<ref name="greenpl09" /> [http://www.ekoenergetyka.com.pl/ Ekoenergetyka-Zachod] works on an electric vehicle network in the western cities of Zielona Gora (Grünberg), Sulechow, Pila (Schneidemühl) und Sieradz.<ref name="greenpl09" />


==== Portugal ====
==== Portugal ====

Revision as of 13:53, 14 October 2010

Several plug-in converted hybrids recharging at the public stations in front of San Francisco City Hall.

An electric vehicle network is a proposed infrastructure system of publicly-accessible charging stations and possibly battery swap stations to recharge electric vehicles. Government, car manufacturers, and charging infrastructure providers have entered into many agreements to create such networks.

Maps

The EV Charger Maps website is a volunteer run effort coordinated by EV Charger News that catalogs EV charging station information across the U.S. It contains information targeted for real-world use by electric vehicle owners.

The California, Arizona and Nevada along with their Automobile Clubs are funding the Clean Car Maps to list the available stations for alternative fuel. The database contains 381 charging stations in California (367 operational) in August 2010.

The LEMnet internet database is operated by the Swiss Electric Vehicle Association (the nonprofit provider of the Park & Charge charging station grid). The database does not only provide locations of the Park & Charge stations but everyone is free to register their stations. As of February 2010 the database lists 1900 active charging locations in Europe with most stations in Switzerland and Germany. This includes most of the 170 locations (February 2010) of the Drehstromnetz initiative which is specialized on privately-owned 400 V three-phase charging stations (German "Drehstromnetz" means "three-phase network") and the 200 (May 2010) charging stations of the RWE Mobility infrastructure which also offers 400 V three-phase charging. The LEMnet database does not include the 2500 charging stations (March 2010) listed in the ElektroTankstellen internet database operated by the Austrian "Eurosolar" initiative even that there is some overlap in data. All of them offer KMZ map files and POI collection files for navigation systems enhanced with information required for electric vehicle owners to find a public charging point in Europe.

In Spain Alargador.org offers an editable map of EV recharge points in which everybody who wants to share his electric outlet can do it easily at a planetary scale. All data is downloadable freely to most common GPS navigators and mapping software.

POD Point [1] is a UK based provider of electric vehicle infrastructure actually publish the live availability [2] of their charging points online, and in the near future will allow users to book charging points in advance.

Infrastructure providers

Coulomb Technologies´ ChargePoint Network includes public charging stations, a consumer subscription plan and utility grid management technology to help electric utility companies to smooth electrical demands on the grid [1][2]. Coulomb Technologies is developing their commercial ChargePoint network in the U.S., Norway, the Netherlands and Germany. The ChargePoint network does not include battery swap stations as of 2009.[3]

Better Place was started by Shai Agassi on October 29, 2007, focusing on building massive scale Electric Recharge Grids as infrastructure to support the deployment of electric vehicles (including plug-in hybrids). The company has said it is in talks with more than 25 countries around the world. Better Place calls themselves the first Electric Recharge Grid Operator (ERGO)[4] and is developing commercial electric vehicle networks in Australia,[5] Canada, China,[6] Denmark, Israel,[7] Japan,[8] the U.K., and the U.S.[9] Better Place plans to include battery switching, or swapping, stations in their network which will allow drivers to quickly exchange an electric vehicle's discharged battery pack for a fully charged pack. In Better Place's business model, the battery pack is owned by the network operator who then bills the electric vehicle owner for use of the battery based on distance traveled.

Park & Charge[10] is a European Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Park & Charge is service of the electric car club in Switzerland (ECS) since 1992. Today there is a Park & Charge at nearly 300 locations in Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Holland and Italy, offering a safe and easy way for drivers of electric vehicles to charge their car batteries. The locations of the charging stations in Europe will be published in LEMnet[11] internet database which is operated by the same association running the Park & Charge infrastructure.

Advanced Energy, in partnership with Rocky Mountain Institute has announced a Request for Information (RFI) for EVSE specific to charging stations for plug-in electric vehicles (EV).[12]

EV-Charge America of Las Vegas has developed the first networked charging stations capable of charging up to 4 vehicles simultaneously. They have sold charging stations worldwide and are working to provide the most advanced grid management software tools in the industry for utility companies and vehicle communications.

In Europe, CIRCONTROL is a European manufacturer for recharging stations for electric vehicles with one of the most advanced products and with a real production nowadays (2010)so it is supplying to municipalities with about 300 points suchs as Norway, Spain, Sweden, UK, Ireland, Italy, Poland.

POD Point [3] is a UK based provider of charging point infrastructure. They provide next generation electric vehicle charging with each POD Point able to charge two vehicles simultaneously and are compatible with all electric vehicles which can charge at the standard domestic rate. Pod Points are all linked to the network which allows integrated flexible billing, detailed usage analysis and remote management. They also provide a live availability [4] of their charging stations to update users as to the vacant charging bays. The company has also expanded into Europe with a number of charging stations being installed in Ireland.

Automobile manufacturers

The Renault-Nissan alliance has made agreements to promote emission-free mobility in France, Israel, Portugal, Denmark and the U.S. state of Tennessee.[13] Nissan plans to install 200-volt level 2 charging stations at 2,200 Nissan dealers in Japan, and level 3 fast charging stations at 200 dealers.[14]

Tesla Motors, in March, 2009, announced that they are "working with a government-affiliated partner to set up battery changing stations at various locations" to service their Model S platform cars.[15]

Initiatives by country

Australia

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Sydney, Canberra ChargePoint 2 AS 3112 (230V, 15A) SAE J1772 [16] 2010 1 additional non-public demo station
2 Under Construction Melbourne ECOtality+Exigency 2 AS 3112 (230V, 15A) SAE J1772 2010 140 William St car park
4 Proposed Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane BetterPlace 200,000 ? 2012 2008 plus 150 switch-stations

Australia currently has two electric vehicle charging stations in Sydney from Coulomb Technologies. They opened in 2010.[17] Construction is underway of two charge points from ECOtality in the car park at 140 William Street in Melbourne CBD with Exigency[18] providing project management and metering.

Construction of infrastructure has been proposed by Better Place for the major cities Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. Australia will become the third country in the world to have an electric car network in a bid to run the country's 15 million cars on batteries powered by green energy under a plan announced in October 2008.[19]

The proposal includes charging spots connected to the energy grid, located in places where cars park — home garages, shopping centres and carparks; "battery switching stations" where drivers swap batteries to get a longer range for long trips.

The project will involve Better Place partnered with AGL Energy, Australia's largest portfolio of privately-owned renewable generation and Macquarie, prominent infrastructure investment group. AGL will provide the required energy from wind and other sources to power the electric vehicles and will work with Better Place to optimise the network. Macquarie will provide financial advice to help raise AUD $1 billion for the initial construction of the network.

European Union

Denmark / Norway

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
3 Planned Oslo, Copenhangen Move About 50+ 2013 Think
4 Proposed Copenhagen BetterPlace ? 2012

Infrastructure is planned by Better Place and has been installed by Coulomb Technologies for Copenhagen. Denmark has enacted policies that create a tax differential between zero-emission vehicles and traditional cars[20] to accelerate the transition to electric cars.

Norway has a tradition in building electric vehicles based on the Think Car. It is popular in Southern Norway (Oslo), Southern Sweden (Gothenburg) and Eastern Denmark (Copenhagen). The concept of the "Move About" project will provide 60 new Think cars in a test including charging stations in 50 towns in the area until 2013.[21] The MoveAbout concept is actually derived from a car sharing system where cars are not offered for purchase but for leasing.

France / Italy

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Paris Paris 101 mains (230V, 16A) ? 2010 free of charge
2 Under Construction Lombardy Enel 150 ? ? 2011 coop. EDF, Endesa, Renault-Nissan (plus 120 private stations)
3 Planned Rome, Milan, Pise Enel 400* ? ? 2011 emobility, coop. Daimler
3 Planned Monacco 300 3x 2011
4 Proposed France EDF 400,000 ? 2015 2010

In France, Électricité de France (EDF) and Toyota are installing recharging points for PHEVs on roads, streets and parking lots.[22]

The Renault-Nissan alliance and the largest French electric utility, Electricite de France (EDF) have signed an agreement to promote emission-free mobility in France. The move aims at offering all-electric volume vehicles from 2011 — including a countrywide network of battery charging stations.[13]

The Environment Ministry of France, led by Jean-Louis Borloo has announced to promote the installation of 400,000 charging points in France up to 2015.[23][24] Jean-Louis Borloo has assigned 1.5 billion Euros in 2009 to support research and preparations of a first part of the electric vehicle network with 75,000 charging stations.[23][25]

Meanwhile the pilot project in Paris has started with the introduction of 100 Z.E. cars. The map of charging stations can be downloaded from the city website ("Bornes de recharge pour véhicules électriques") There are 101 locations with 178 charging points across the town and its suburbs (May 2010).

The Renault-Nissan group - including EDF - has enlarged its scope with partnering to the Italian utility Enel and Spanish utility Endesa in March 2010.[26] The Italian Enel company had an early agreement with Daimler to run a test with their Smart line of cars. Renault-Nissan offers a broader range by providing 60 all-electric vehicles – the Kangoo Express Z.E. and the Renault Fluence Z.E - to the new pilot project "E-Moving" in Italy. The project will start to install 270 charge points in the in Lombardy region (including the cities of Milan and Brescia) up to June 2010.[27] This "E-Moving" network will contain 150 public charging stations to be put up until the end of 2010.[28] Enel will start the "emobility Italy" program in September 2010 in cooperation with Daimler - this program will put up 400 public and private charging stations[28] The emobility test will run in Rome, Milan and Pisa.[21]

The Monacco government has sketched a plan to run a fleet test in 2011 including 300 charging stations and 3 fast-charge stations.[21]

Germany

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Berlin RWE 60 mains (230V, 16A) CEEplus (400V, 32A) 2009 E-Mobility
1 Functional Berlin Vattenfall 50 mains (230V, 16A) ? 2009 MINI E
1 Functional Berlin, Wolfsburg E.ON 11 ? ? 2009 coop. VW, BMW
1 Functional Germany 132 CEE red (400V, 32A) 2006 2009 Drehstromkiste
1 Functional Germany Park & Charge 300 CEE blue (230V, 16A) 1998 2010
2 Under Construction Baden-Württemberg EnBW 700 2012 Landesinitiative Elektromobilität
3 Planned Berlin, Rhein-Ruhr RWE 1000 mains (230V, 16A) CEEplus (400V, 32A) 2011 E-Mobility coop. Renault-Nissan
the big four transmission system operators in Germany along with their owners

Germany has four major transmission system operators being each largely owned by one of the five largest utility companies (Vattenfall↔50HERTZ, EON↔transpower, RWE↔ampirion, EnBW↔EnBWtransport). They try to set themselves into the position to sell electricity power to electric vehicle owners by becoming also the operators of the upcoming electric vehicle networks. To that avail, they offered partnerships to the German car makers, where they provided charging stations for field tests.

Carmaker Daimler AG and utility RWE AG are running a joint electric car and charging station test project in the German capital, Berlin, called "E-Mobility Berlin." [29]. The have set up 60 charging stations in Berlin (September 2009) and are in the process of extending the system to include 500 charging stations.[30] Daimler has provided for 100 e-Smart to the project. The second phase started in November 2010. The RWE subsidiary "RWE Mobility" has created cooperations with the automobilist club ADAC, car rental service Sixt and car park provider APCOA to equip all locations with charging stations.[31] since mid of 2009. Renault joined the RWE Mobility program in September 2009 whereby the project goals of erecting charging stations were enlarged to mid of 2011[32] Renault's partner Nissan has joined the RWE-mobility program on 21. June 2010 announcing that RWE will create a network of 1000 charging stations until the end of the year 2010 focusing on the Berlin and Rhein-Ruhr region.[33] The current list of RWE-mobility charging stations contains 200 locations in Germany plus two stations in Warsaw.[34]

Carmaker BMW and utility Vattenfall run a joint electric car and charging test project called "MINI E" in the German capital, Berlin. The are in the process of erecting 50 charging stations[35] and the project lends 50 BMW Mini cars to citizens. The project started in June 2009 and a second phase has been started in December 2009.[36]

Carmaker VW and utility E.ON run a joint electric car and charging station test project in the German capital, Berlin and in Wolfsburg.[37] The "Electric Mobility Fleet Test" ("Flottenversuch Elektromobilität") was started as a research project with mostly partners in German universities using the VW hybrid cars (to be tested in 2010). E.ON has later joined also in the MINI E project providing the infrastructure in Munich which was started in Juli 2009.[38] erecting 11 charging stations so far (as of May 2010).

Carmaker Daimler, the utility EnBW and the government of Baden-Württemberg have announced on 18. June 2010 to enlarge the "Landesinitiative Elektromobilität" program with the „e-mobility Baden-Württemberg“ project that includes erecting 700 charging stations in the state until the end of 2011.[39] Additionally there will be 200 electric vehicles added to the test including some electric trucks.[39] The government of Baden-Württemberg has assigned 28.5 million Euros to support EV research up to 2014.[39]

The German government has announced to support a fleet of 1 million electric cars in Germany by 2020. There are 500 million Euros assigned to the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany) to support research and pilot projects in Germany. The ministry has created a dedicated coordination office in the "Gemeinsame Geschäftsstelle Elektromobilität der Bundesregierung (GGEMO)" (Joint Agency for Electric Mobility (of the Federal Government)) which was opened in February 2010.[40]. The GGEMO has coordinated a partnership program with the German car industry named "Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität (NPE)" inaugurated on May 3, 2010 in the German Chancellery.[41] The German government has announced that it will not install a rebate system for the introduction of electric cars but that it will reshape the legal provisions to quickly create a charging station network in Germany.

The NPE partnership is supposed to report with a detailed plan for network evolution at the end of November 2010.[42] The technical standardization part is mostly concentrated in the Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik (DKE) of the Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (VDE) - the Standardization Overview on E-Mobility shows a wide range of efforts from electric grid management to the charging station infrastructure to the car charger electronics. The VDE E-mobility congress on the subject will be held in Leipzig on 8./9. November 2010.[43]

Switzerland

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Switzerland Park & Charge 120 CEE blue (230V, 16A) 1992 2010

The charging station network in Switzerland is derived from research in solar cars. In 1992 the government decided to support a charging station network. The network has since extended to neighbouring countries - in 2010 the Park & Charge network in Switzerland, Germany and Austria did encompass 500 charging locations[44], additionally there a few charging locations in the Netherlands and Italy.

Ireland

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
2 Under Construction Ireland ESB 1500 (30x) 2012 coop. Renault-Nissan

In partnership with local electric utility Electricity Supply Board (ESB) and the Irish Government, Renault-Nissan have signed a Definitive Agreement[45] that calls for the deployment of 3,500 charge points and 30 fast charge points across Ireland by December 2011, the supply of 2,000 electric cars (Nissan Leaf, Renault Kangoo Z.E. and Renault Fluence Z.E.), as a first step, by the Renault-Nissan Alliance from 2011 and the introduction of government policies and incentives to support EV use. The government is offering a €5,000 grant (US$6,796) on the purchase of new electric vehicles and an exemption from Vehicle Registration Tax. The first station of the charger network (2000 chargers are given to the 2000 first car owners, the remaining 1500 will be public stations) was put up in August 2010.[46]

Netherlands

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Amsterdam Nuon 45 2009 2010
3 Planned Amsterdam Nuon 200 2012
4 Proposed Friesland 10,000 2012 Formula E-Team

|} Amsterdam announced it will set up 200 charging stations by 2012.[47] In the first step the city will put up 45 stations from Coulomb Technologies in cooperation with Dutch utility Nuon.[47] There project "Amsterdam Elektrisch" project includes 100 street-side charging stations plus 100 charging stations at car parks[48] The first one was put up on 6. November 2009 reaching the projected 45 charging stations in June 2010.

The Amsterdam network (system provided by 365 energy group) extends to Bochum, Germany where the municipality utility Stadtwerke Bochum has started to erect charging stations - the first 3 stations were put up in Bochum town center on 29. April 2010 [49] The Bochum project blends into a larger effort by municipality utilities in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region named Ruhrmobil-E which has been originally a popular initiative of 50 local citizens.

The Dutch government created the “Formula E Team,” a working group collaborating with local governments, private companies and research institutes to create national and regional electric vehicle initiatives. The Friesland province has the ambitious plan to put up 10,000 charging points by 2012.[21] The working group helps active infrastructure providers (Eneco, Essent, Nuon, MisterGreen, Reewoud/Chargepoint, Stichting e-laad.nl) to put up a charging station network adding 65 million Euro investment support in the timeframe 2009 to 2011.[50] According to the roadmap of Formula E-Team the office has been created and the first RFI has started in August 2010; the results will be published in early November for comments and proposals with a definite guide for the infrastructure to be published in March 2011. The integration tests will run in mid of 2011 and the back office system for the networked charging stations to go live in late 2011 along with the "Charge Authority Board" for further development.[51]

The Netherlands is one of the first European markets for the Nissan Leaf;[52] Holland is also the first European country to adopt stations for the "level 3" fast-charging supported by the Leaf. Epyon has unveiled the first charging station at a gasoline station in Leeuwarden, in the northern province of Friesland.[53][54][55]

Poland

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
2 Under Construction Warsaw GreenStream 130 CEE blue (230V, 16A) 2011 RWE
2 Under Construction Zielona Gora easyPoint 130 Ekoenergetyka-Zachod
3 Planned Warsaw, Gdanks, Katowice,
Krakow, Mielec 		GreenStream 330 2020 RWE

RWE and the Green Stream Cluster have started in June 2010 to put up a network of 130 charging stations in Warsaw.[21] The Grean Stream Cluster project will run until mid of 2011.[56] The Green Stream Cluster will put up overall 330 charging stations in five cities: Warsaw, Gdansk, Katowice, Krakow and Mielec.[56] Ekoenergetyka-Zachod works on an electric vehicle network in the western cities of Zielona Gora (Grünberg), Sulechow, Pila (Schneidemühl) und Sieradz.[56]

Portugal

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
3 Planned Portugal MOBI.E 1300* 50x 2012 coop. Renault-Nissan

Renault-Nissan have signed a contract with MOBIE.Tech that was started back in 2008. There shall be 1300 new charging stations and 50 fastcharge stations within the 2011 timeframe.[21]

Spain

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
2 Under Construction Barcelona Endesa 191 2012 MOVELE
2 Under Construction Madrid Telefonica 30 2011 MOVELE
3 Planned Sevilla, Madrid, Barcelona Endesa 546 2014 MOVELE
Telefonica phone booths are offering EV recharging

The Alargador.org map has 190 (August 2010) contributors of charging stations in Spain and Portugal (May 2010). They are mainly hotels, camping sites, restaurants, commercial centers, foundations, associations, EV dealers and private individuals with most systems operated manually.

In Madrid, Spain, a trial project will convert 30 former telephone boxes into charging points for electric cars. They are considered suitable, since telephone boxes are generally located at the roadside and are already connected to the electricity supply network. They would form part of a planned network of 546 charging points in Madrid, Barcelona and Seville, subsidised by the Spanish Government.[57] The charging grid is created for the MOVELE pilot project of the Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy (Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía, IDAE) that is also providing for 2,000 electric vehicles to the field test.[58][59] The Spanish government has committed itself to have 1 million electric vehicles (fully electric and hybrid cars) in Spain by 2014.[59].

MOVELE network[60] Sevilla Madrid Barcelona TOTAL
charging points 75 280 191 546
station costs (€) 488,498 1,366,000 704,666 2,559,164
IDAE funding 144,000 586,000 287,000 1,017,000

The Chairman of Endesa, Borja Prado, together with the mayor of Madrid, Alberto Ruiz Gallardón, and the Chairman of Telefónica, César Alierta, have the phone booth in Madrid which can also be used for recharging electric vehicles. Reserved parking spaces will be located next to this and all other booths set up in Metropolitan areas where users will be able to park their EVs and recharge at no cost once they have obtained their free "zero emissions" pre-paid card from the Madrid city council.[61]

United Kingdom

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional England Elektromotive 99 BS 1363 (230V 13A) 2007 2010 99 stations, 141 charge outlets
2 Under Construction London Elektromotive 250 BS 1363 (230V 13A) 2008 coop. EDF
3 Planned London, North-East 2500 2012 plus 11,000 private stations
3 Planned London 2500 2015 plus 22,000 private stations

Électricité de France is partnering with Elektromotive, Ltd.[62] to install 250 new charging points over six months from October 2007 in London and elsewhere in the UK.[63]

The Renault-Nissan Alliance and UK company Elektromotive,[64] a provider of electric vehicle recharging stations, are collaborating in the Partnership for Zero-Emission-Mobility, with the aim of accelerating the installation of charging networks for plug-in vehicles in cities. The Alliance and Elektromotive have signed a Memorandum of Understanding.[65]

A fleet of electric cars and charge points will be rolled out across Coventry (England) as part of a multi-million pound pilot project [66].

The London mayor called for an E-revolution in March 2009 and he presented the "Electric Delivery Plan for London" in May 2009.[67] The plan projects 25,000 charging points London by 2015 including 500 on-street, 2000 off-street in car-parks and 22,000 privately-owned locations. London itself will buy 1000 electric vehicles up to 2015. Owners of the an electric car will not need to pay the Congestion Charge for the city of London being worth up to £1,700 a year. At that point (May 2009) London already had 100 charge points in public places which will be increased to 250 by 2012. Beginning 2011 20% of new lots in car parks must have access to a charging outlet. Additionally, the parking in the Westminster boroughs will be free for electric vehicles saving the user up to £6,000 a year and a flat rate of £200 electricity cost is charged for the usage of public outlets in Westminster.

The Department for Transport (DfT) announced in April 2009 that £230 million would be allocated to incentivise the market uptake of EVs in the UK. The scheme will become operational in 2011 and each EV purchaser could receive a rebate of between £2,000 -£5,000. Electric vehicles are exempt from purchase and annual vehicle tax. From April 2010, purchasers of an average new car (Band G) will pay a one off £155 showroom tax and an annual vehicle tax of £155.EVs are tax free.[67]

On the 25 February 2010, London, the North East region and Milton Keynes were selected to be the lead places for electric vehicle infrastructure. In total, their plans will result in over 2,500 charge points in the first year and over 11,000 in the next three years, at a variety of publicly accessible car parks, transport hubs and workplaces.[68]

Israel

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Tel Aviv BetterPlace 1 2010 BetterPlace demo center
4 Proposed Israel BetterPlace 220 2011 coop. Israel Railways

Better Place is building its first electric vehicle network in Israel in conjunction with French car-maker, Renault.[69] Better Place will conduct its first market tests in Israel, Denmark and Hawaii [70] as their small size also makes them suitable as test markets.[71] The company opened its first functional charging station in Israel the first week of December 2008 at Cinema City in Pi-Glilot, and additional stations in Tel Aviv, Haifa, Kfar Sava, Holon, and Jerusalem are being planned and installed.[72]

Israel has enacted policies that create a tax differential between zero-emission vehicles and traditional cars, to accelerate the transition to electric cars.[73]

Japan

Infrastructure is planned by Better Place and Nissan for Yokohama.[74]

Singapore

Infrastructure is planned by Greenlots and Keppel Energy for Singapore [75]

United States of America

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional California Tesla 15 SAE J1772 2010 SolarCity stations
1 Functional Portland Portland G. Electric 20 SAE J1772[76][77] 2008 2010
1 Functional California ChargePoint 51 SAE J1772 4x Level-II (220V) 2010 Coulomb Tech
2 Under Construction SF Bay Area 109 2010 California ARB
2 Under Construction San Diego EV Project 1500 SAE J1772 (220V) 2012 ECOtality
2 Under Construction California and others ChargePoint 1000* SAE J1772 (optional) 2011 Coulomb Tech
2 Under Construction New York ChargePoint 100 2011 Coulomb Tech
3 Planned San Diego, Arizona, Seattle,
Oregon, Tennessee, Dallas 		EV Project 6350 SAE J1772 (220V) 310x Level-3 DC 2012Q4 ECOtality
3 Planned Hawaii (Rebate Program) 200* 2010 DBEDT
3 Planned Detroit, New York, Wash.DC,
California, Washington, Austin 		ChargePoint 4600* SAE J1772 (optional) 2011 Coulomb Tech
3 Out of service California, Arizona GM EV1 500 mains (110V) MagneCharge (220V, 30A) 1996 2001 program cancelled
4 Proposed Hawaii BetterPlace 2012 DBEDT
4 Proposed California BetterPlace 2012

Infrastructure has been installed by Coulomb Technologies in Arizona; California - San Francisco, San Jose, Walnut Creek, and Sonoma; Colorado; Washington, D.C.; Florida; Chicago, Illinois; Massachusetts; Detroit, Michigan; Minneapolis, Minnesota; New York; Cary, North Carolina; Ohio; Portland, Oregon; Nashville, Tennessee; Texas; Seattle, Washington; Wisconsin. Gilbarco Veeder-Root are partnering with Coulomb to advance public charging facilities. Gilbarco exhibited Coulomb Technologies' Smartlet Charging Station at the National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS) show in October 2008 [78]. At the end of 2008, Coulomb Technologies planned to roll out five curbside charging stations in downtown San Jose that drivers can access through a prepaid plan. The company was working with entities in Las Vegas Nevada, New York and Florida to do something similar there [79]. Coulomb Technologies has announced to provide 1000 free public charging stations until December 2010.[80] They also plan to expand its ChargePoint network to 4600 free home and public level-2 charging stations until October 2011 in nine regions: Austin, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; Los Angeles, California; New York, New York; Orlando, Florida; Sacramento, California; the San Jose/San Francisco Bay Area, California; Redmond, Washington; and Washington DC.[80] The $37 million ChargePoint America program is made possible by a $15M grant funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the Transportation Electrification Initiative administered by the Department of Energy. So far 149 stations are operational according to the ChargePoint map, 51 stations are in California.[81] New York joins the ChargePoint network building more than 100 charging stations in public places until October 2011.[82][83]

Infrastructure is planned by Better Place for Hawaii, Oregon, and California - the San Francisco Bay area, Sacramento, San Jose, Los Angeles, San Diego, and the highway and freeway corridors between them.[84][85]

Other companies that are building charging stations throughout the U.S are ECOtality [86] and SolarCity [87]

In the first phase 11 cities are participating in the initial phase of the "EV Project" of ECOtality: Phoenix (AZ), Tucson (AZ), San Diego (CA), Portland (OR), Eugene (OR), Salem (OR), Corvallis (OR), Seattle (WA), Nashville (TN), Knoxville (TN) and Chattanooga (TN).[88] The contract for the "EV Project" was signed on October 1, 2009 with the US Department of Energy and it includes 8,300 Level 2 chargers installed in owner’s homes; 6,350 Level 2 chargers installed in commercial and public locations; and 310 Level 3 DC fast-chargers.[89] The EV project will run for 36 months. The public charging stations will be put up beginning in summer 2010. Texas has joined the EV Project in July 2010.[90] San Diego will take a share of 1,500 public charging stations and 1,000 home base charging points.[91][92]

Portland General Electric installs 12 electric vehicle charging stations in Portland and Salem, Oregon till September 2008[93] and it has installed 20 charging stations by 2010 as part of a demonstration project to develop the transportation infrastructure needed to support electric vehicles and plug-in cars.

Drivers can now plug in at two park-and-ride lots in King County, which includes Seattle. The county plans to add sockets at three garages under construction. There are about 30 reliable sites in the Seattle area to plug in. Most are free, others charge the same as parking a gas-powered car -- $7 an hour [79].

In recent months, the cities of Edmonds and Lacey invited drivers to plug in their electric vehicles at free public stations [79].

In Virginia, with the participation of the Town of Wytheville, and several businesses, Plugless Power inductive charging stations began field testing in March 2010.[94]

In San Antonio, TX, a downtown church (Travis Park United Methodist Church) made Level 1 charging available in its parking lot in 2009.[95]

The DBEDT ministry of Hawaii had a state rebate program "EV Ready Grant" that was funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act - the program was offering $4500 for a full-speed commercially available electric vehicle and $500 for electric vehicle chargers.[96] The "EV Ready Grant" program is followed by the "EV Ready Rebate" program offering 20% of the purchase price with a maximum of $4500 for a full-speed commercially available electric vehicle and 30% of the purchase prices with a maximum of $500 for electric vehicle chargers.[97] Charging equipment is expected follow the standards including SAE J1772.[97] The designated Transportation Working Group expects 200 charging stations to be available in 2010[98]

In California the car maker Tesla has put up 18 public charging stations.[99] Within the SF Bay Area Activities & Coalition has identified 109 locations to put up public charging stations beginning 2009 based on funding by ARRA.[100] The last California ZEV Program Review symposium was held on 23. September 2009, the next one is scheduled for late summer 2010.[101] In the past there had been a charging station network to support the General Motors EV1 that had installed 500 public charging station.[102]

See also

References

  1. ^ Plug-In 2008: California Cars Initiative
  2. ^ Coulomb Technologies, Inc
  3. ^ "Press Releases — Coulomb Technologies, Inc". 2009-10. Retrieved 2009-10-06. Installation Photos: City of Amsterdam, Netherlands City of Bochum, Germany City of Chicago, IL City of Nashville, TN City of San Francisco, CA City of San Jose, CA City of Walnut Creek, CA County of Sonoma, CA Element Hotels (Starwood), MA Madison Gas & Electric, WI McDonald's Cary, NC Sierra Nevada Brewing Co., CA {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ Daniel Roth (08.18.08). "Driven: Shai Agassi's Audacious Plan to Put Electric Cars on the Road". Wired Magazine. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "AGL, Macquarie in $1b electric car deal". The Australian. 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
  6. ^ "China Builds Electric Vehicle Charging Network". Redherring.com. 2008-09-23. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  7. ^ "Israel launches electric car program". Cnet.com.au. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  8. ^ "Japan to get electric car charging stations too". Cnet.com.au. 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  9. ^ "Home". EV Network. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  10. ^ Park & Charge website
  11. ^ LEMnet website
  12. ^ http://www.pitchengine.com/advanced-energy-and-rocky-mountain-institute-announce-request-for-information-on-electric-vehicle-supply-equipment/61158/
  13. ^ a b "Renault-Nissan, EDF to develop e-cars and infrastructure in France". EE Times Europe automotive. EETimes. 2008-10-10. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
  14. ^ "Nissan Introduces Quick EV Charger" (Press release). Nissan. 2010-05-21. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
  15. ^ Ramsey, Jonathon (2009-03-26). "Tesla Model S: $50,000 EV sedan seats seven, 300-mile range, 0-60 in 5.5s". autobloggreen. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
  16. ^ http://www.chargepoint.net.au/index.php/general/uri/faq.html#F19
  17. ^ http://www.chargepoint.net.au/index.php/device/devicelocation.html
  18. ^ http://www.exigency.com.au/
  19. ^ "Australia plans electric vehicle network". AFP. 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
  20. ^ "French Electric Car To Debut In Danish Showrooms In a Few Months". COP15 United Nations Climate Change Conference. 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
  21. ^ a b c d e f "L’ECOSYSTEME DU VEHICULE ELECTRIQUE", Laurent Meillaud
  22. ^ "EDF et Toyota annoncent un partenariat technologique en Europe relatif aux véhicules hybrides rechargeables". Électricité de France. 2007-09-05. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  23. ^ a b "EDF Collectivités territoriales > actualités > actualites marche avril 2010
  24. ^ EDF reprint of Le Journal du Dimanche, 28/03/10: "Le ministre de l'Écologie, Jean-Louis Borloo, a annoncé d'ici à 2015 la construction de 400 000 "points de rechargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Electric_vehicle_network&action=edit&section=8" dans toute la France."
  25. ^ EDF reprint of Electro Magazine, 01/03, Les Echos, 22/03/10: "Jean-Louis Borloo a présenté en 2009 un plan de 1,5 milliard d'euros afin de développer la voiture électrique et son corollaire, les infrastructures de rechange." / "La question est de savoir si le réseau de bornes de recharge sera construit par des PME ou par une filiale unique d'ERDF qui pourrait se voir confier dans un premier temps l'installation de 75 000 bornes."
  26. ^ "Renault, Nissan Expand Their Electric Vehicle Empire"
  27. ^ "Renault-Nissan e-moves into Lombardy, Italy"
  28. ^ a b "Italy joining the electric ride with new regulation", cars21.com, 9. July 2010
  29. ^ http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/apwire/3e8bc7ee811bd771be83c3bf1960bbbc.htm. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) [dead link‍]
  30. ^ Pressemeldung vom 25.11.2008 "Nationale Strategiekonferenz Elektromobilität" "... schon ab 2009 den Einsatz von mehr als 100 Elektrofahrzeugen der Marken smart und Mercedes-Benz in der Bundeshauptstadt. ... RWE stellt dafür rund 500 Ladestationen im Stadtgebiet Berlins auf."
  31. ^ Pressemeldung vom 26.10.2009 "Startschuss für Elektromobilität in Mainz" " Partner des Projekts sind der Automobilclub ADAC, der Autovermieter Sixt, Siemens und Deutschlands größter Parkraumanbieter APCOA" .. "Langfristiges Branchenziel ist ein flächendeckendes Netz mit Ladepunkten – und zwar in ganz Europa."
  32. ^ Pressemeldung vom 15.09.2009 "Renault und RWE unterzeichnen Abkommen für Stromtankstellen" "Bis Ende Juni 2011 werden weitere Stromtankstellen in deutschen Großstädten errichtet. Ab Ende 2010 werden die ersten 100 Vorserien-Elektrofahrzeuge von Renault die neue Infrastruktur nutzen."
  33. ^ "RWE und Nissan kooperieren bei der Elektromobilität", press release, 21. June 2010
  34. ^ "Standorte der RWE Ladesäulen", counting Placemark entries the KMZ map file access May 25, 2010
  35. ^ MINI E FAQ, "Wie viele Säulen werden in Berlin aufgestellt? Vattenfall plant die Bereitstellung von bis zu 50 Ladestationen an öffentlich zugänglichen Plätzen."
  36. ^ Pressemeldung vom 15.12.2009 "Die BMW Group und Vattenfall Europe zeigen Alltagstauglichkeit von Elektromobilität" "m Juni 2009 haben die BMW Group und Vattenfall Europe gemeinsam ihr Projekt "MINI E Berlin powered by Vattenfall" zur Einführung des emissionsfreien Autofahrens einschließlich erforderlicher Ladeinfrastruktur in Berlin gestartet."
  37. ^ Volkswagen 2008 VW Golf Twin Drive Plug-in Hybrid Prototype - Volkswagen cars specifications review
  38. ^ "Grüner Strom auf Münchens Straßen" "Seit Juli 2009 rollen MINI E mit E.ON-Strom durch die bayerische Landeshauptstadt und die angrenzenden Landkreise. E.ON konnte hierbei eine Infrastruktur aus öffentlichen Ladestationen aufbauen."
  39. ^ a b c „e-mobility Baden-Württemberg“ startet: Daimler und EnBW Vorreiter für emissionsfreie Mobilität, press release, EnBW, 18. June 2010
  40. ^ Pressemeldung vom 1.2.2010 "Gemeinsame Geschäftsstelle Elektromobilität der Bundesregierung (GGEMO) nimmt Fahrt auf" "um das Ziel zu erreichen, Deutschland zu einem Leitmarkt für Elektromobilität zu entwickeln und bis 2020 eine Mio. Elektrofahrzeuge in Deutschland zu haben."
  41. ^ Pressemitteilung vom 3.5.2010 "Etablierung der Nationalen Plattform Elektromobilität am 3. Mai 2010"
  42. ^ "Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität kommt mit ihrer Arbeit gut voran", press release 217/2010, German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development, 28. July 2010
  43. ^ "VDE-Studie sieht für Elektroautos noch Hürden bis zum Massenmarkt", 28. April 2010
  44. ^ http://www.park-charge.ch/e/index.htm accessed 8. August 2010
  45. ^ Moving towards zero emission mobility
  46. ^ "AA's Conor Faughnan Plugs into Green Driving", press release, Electricity Supply Board, 6. August 2010
  47. ^ a b "Amsterdam Becomes First European City to Install Coulomb ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations for Electrical Vehicles", press release, Coulomb Tech, May 27, 2009
  48. ^ "Amsterdam Amsterdam puts charging network for electric cars into use", press release, Nuon, Nov 06, 2009
  49. ^ "Parken und Strom tanken – drei neue Stromladesäulen in Bochumer Parkhäusern eröffnet", press release Stadtwerke Bochum, 30. April 2010
  50. ^ "Elektrisch Rijden Rijksoverheid", Ruud van Sloten, Formula E-Team, 5. August 2010
  51. ^ "Tweede informa-esessie (second information session)", Formula E-Team, 5. August 2010
  52. ^ "Nissan announces European prices Of Nissan Leaf, world's first mass-market, all-electric Zero-Emission Vehicle" (Press release). Nissan. 2010-05-17. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
  53. ^ http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2010/05/27/holland-ev-charging-station/
  54. ^ http://green.autoblog.com/2010/05/12/epyon-unveils-fast-charger-for-electric-vehicles-during-nissan-l/
  55. ^ http://www.epyonpower.com/About/News/First_commercial_fast_charging_station_in_Europe.aspx
  56. ^ a b c "Polens Autos werden elektrisch", Handelsblatt, 11. December 2009
  57. ^ Madrid reverses the chargers with electric car plan, The Guardian, September 08, 2009
  58. ^ "MOVELE. Electric mobility (MOVilidad ELEctrica) pilot project", accessed May 25, 2010
  59. ^ a b "Bases para la convocatoria del programa de ayudas del Proyecto MOVELE", July 3, 2009
  60. ^ "MOVELE cities", accessed May 25, 2010
  61. ^ "ENDESA AND TELEFÓNICA LAUNCH FIRST ELECTRIC VEHICLE TELEPHONE BOOTH RECHARGING STATION" (Press release). Endesa. 2010-05-10. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
  62. ^ ""Elektromotive: The ultimate zero-emission transport system"". Elektromotive, Ltd. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
  63. ^ Reynolds, L. (2007-10-11). ""UK to install 250 new public charging stations by next spring"". The Battery Vehicle Society. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  64. ^ http://www.elektromotive.com
  65. ^ http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/02/renault-nissan.html
  66. ^ Error - LexisNexis® Publisher
  67. ^ a b "Electric Delivery Plan for London".
  68. ^ http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/sustainable/olev/infrastructure/
  69. ^ Israel's Better Place and Renault partner in first mass-market electric vehicle in Israel 21c Innovation News Service. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
  70. ^ "Governor Lingle and Better Place Announce Partnership to Offer National Blueprint for Clean Energy in Transportation". 2008-12-02.
  71. ^ Clive Thompson (2009-04-16). ""Batteries Not Included". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
  72. ^ "Japan to work with Better Place on electric vehicles". Energy Efficiency News. 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
  73. ^ "Israel Leads Quest for Electric Car". The Breakthrough Institute. 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
  74. ^ "Subaru, Better Place, and Japan Team Up to Create Electric Vehicle Charging Network in Japan". Zoomi Life. 2009-01-10. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  75. ^ http://www.edb.gov.sg/edb/sg/en_uk/index/news/articles/Multi-Agency_Electric_Vehicle_Taskforce_Launch.html/
  76. ^ http://www.portlandgeneral.com/community_environment/initiatives/electric_vehicles/charging_stations/default.aspx
  77. ^ http://www.ecotality.com/pressreleases/FAQ_DOE_Ecotality_The_EV_Project.pdf
  78. ^ Roundup: BYD's PHEV; France; Charge@7-Eleven?; Energy/Water; Incentives; Austin Expo
  79. ^ a b c Detnews.com | This article is no longer available online | detnews.com | The Detroit News
  80. ^ a b "Coulomb Technologies to Provide 4,600 Free Home and Public Charging Stations Through ChargePoint America Program", 2. June 2010
  81. ^ ChargePoint America, accessed 8. August 2010
  82. ^ "Bloomberg Powers Up New Electric Car Charging Program", New York Times, July 15, 2010
  83. ^ "NYC opens charging station for cars", The Durango Herald,July 18, 2010
  84. ^ "Better Place To Build EV Infrastructure in California and Oregon". Zoomi Life. 2008-11-23. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  85. ^ "ChargePoint Charging Stations". 2009-09-16. Retrieved 2009-10-06.
  86. ^ http://www.ecotality.com/
  87. ^ http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/podcast/2010/05/how-will-electric-cars-impact-the-grid
  88. ^ "The EV Project home website: list of the 11 participating cities". EV Project. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  89. ^ "EV Project FAQ", updated 7/2/2010
  90. ^ "Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston Added to Roster of Project Cities", 15. July 2010
  91. ^ "San Diego Region To Get 2500 Charging Stations", 17. March 2010
  92. ^ "Charging Stations for Electric Cars Being Installed Around the County", 3. August 2010
  93. ^ "Oregon Utility, Readying for Waves of EVs, Installs Charging Stations in Two Cities" Green Car Advisor
  94. ^ Susan Wilson (March 1, 2010). "Evatran provides a plugless solution for EVs". Blorge.com. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
  95. ^ http://www.travispark.org/templates/System/details.asp?id=42710&PID=702257
  96. ^ "Hawai‘i EV Ready Grant Program: Deadline for Application Submission"
  97. ^ a b "Hawaii's Electric Vehicle (EV) Rebate Program"
  98. ^ "Transportation Working Group"
  99. ^ "Tesla Connector Charging Locations", EV charger news, accessed 8. August 2010
  100. ^ "Bay Area EV Corridor", California Air Resources Board, 23. September 2009
  101. ^ "ZEV Regulation Workshop", California ARB, 3. May 2010
  102. ^ "EV1 - Charging", General Motors, 15. July 2003, accessed 8. August 2010
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Electric_vehicle_charging_network&oldid=390692326"