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'''Toowoomba''' (nicknamed 'The Garden City') is a [[city]] in [[South East Queensland|South East]] [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. It is located {{convert|127|km|abbr=on}} west of Queensland's capital city, [[Brisbane]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toowoomba.org/ |title=Toowomba's home page |date=13 June 2010 |work=web page |publisher=toowoomba.org |accessdate=10 August 2010}}</ref> With an estimated district population of 128,600, Toowoomba is Australia's second largest inland city, and its largest non-capital inland city.<ref name="ABSDistPop">{{cite web|title=3218.0 Population Estimates by Statistical District, 2001 to 2009|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02008-09|date=30 March 2010|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics|ABS]]|work=3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2008-09}}</ref> It has a reputation as being the drug capital of South East Queensland <ref>{{cite web|url=www.thechronicle.com.au/story/.../drug-taker-defends-gps/|title The Ongoing Drug epidemic|date 28th September 2010|work=web page|publisher= Toowoomba Chronicle}}</ref>
'''Toowoomba''' (nicknamed 'The Garden City') is a [[city]] in [[South East Queensland|South East]] [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. It is located {{convert|127|km|abbr=on}} west of Queensland's capital city, [[Brisbane]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toowoomba.org/ |title=Toowomba's home page |date=13 June 2010 |work=web page |publisher=toowoomba.org |accessdate=10 August 2010}}</ref> With an estimated district population of 128,600, Toowoomba is Australia's second largest inland city, and its largest non-capital inland city.<ref name="ABSDistPop">{{cite web|title=3218.0 Population Estimates by Statistical District, 2001 to 2009|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02008-09|date=30 March 2010|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics|ABS]]|work=3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2008-09}}</ref> It has a reputation as being the drug capital of South East Queensland <ref>{{cite web|url=www.thechronicle.com.au/story/.../drug-taker-defends-gps/|title=The Ongoing Drug epidemic|date 28th September 2010|work=web page|publisher= Toowoomba Chronicle}}</ref>


A [[university]] and [[cathedral]] city, Toowoomba hosts the Australian Carnival of Flowers each September, and [[Easterfest]] is held annually over the Easter weekend. There are more than 150 public parks and gardens in Toowoomba.<ref name="heritage">{{Cite book |title=Heritage Trails of the Great South East |last=[[Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)]] |year=2000 |publisher=State of Queensland |isbn=0-7345-1008-X |pages=74–76}}</ref> It has developed into a regional centre for business and government services.<ref name="heritage"/>
A [[university]] and [[cathedral]] city, Toowoomba hosts the Australian Carnival of Flowers each September, and [[Easterfest]] is held annually over the Easter weekend. There are more than 150 public parks and gardens in Toowoomba.<ref name="heritage">{{Cite book |title=Heritage Trails of the Great South East |last=[[Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)]] |year=2000 |publisher=State of Queensland |isbn=0-7345-1008-X |pages=74–76}}</ref> It has developed into a regional centre for business and government services.<ref name="heritage"/>

Revision as of 08:56, 15 October 2010

For the two warships of the Royal Australian Navy named after the city, see HMAS Toowoomba. For the region, see Toowoomba Region.
Toowoomba
Error: unknown |state= value (help)
File:Toowoombacbd1.jpg
Toowoomba CBD and inner suburbs looking south
Population128,600[1] (15th)
 • Density209.4/km2 (542/sq mi)
Established1840s
Postcode(s)4350
Elevation691 m (2,267 ft)[2]
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
Location132 km (82 mi) from Brisbane
LGA(s)Toowoomba Region
CountyChurchill
State electorate(s)Toowoomba North, Toowoomba South and Condamine
Federal division(s)Groom
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
22.6 °C
73 °F		 11.4 °C
53 °F		 944 mm
37.2 in

Toowoomba (nicknamed 'The Garden City') is a city in South East Queensland, Australia. It is located 127 km (79 mi) west of Queensland's capital city, Brisbane.[3] With an estimated district population of 128,600, Toowoomba is Australia's second largest inland city, and its largest non-capital inland city.[1] It has a reputation as being the drug capital of South East Queensland [4]

A university and cathedral city, Toowoomba hosts the Australian Carnival of Flowers each September, and Easterfest is held annually over the Easter weekend. There are more than 150 public parks and gardens in Toowoomba.[5] It has developed into a regional centre for business and government services.[5]

History

Main article: History of Toowoomba, Queensland
Main Street of Toowoomba in 1897.

Toowoomba's colonial history traces back to 1816 when English botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham arrived in Australia from Brazil and in June 1827 discovered 4 million acres (16,000 km²) of rich farming and grazing land, which became known as the Darling Downs,[6] bordered on the east by the Great Dividing Range and situated 100 miles (160 km) west of the settlement of Moreton Bay. Thirteen years later when George and Patrick Leslie established Toolburra Station 56 miles (90 km) south-west of Toowoomba the first settlers arrived on the Downs and established a township of bark-slab shops called The Springs which was soon renamed Drayton. Land for the town was first surveyed in 1849, then again in 1853.[7]

Towards the end of the 1840s Drayton had grown to the point where it had its own newspaper, general store, trading post and the Royal Bull's Head Inn, which was built by William Horton and still stands today. Horton is regarded as the true founder of Toowoomba, despite the fact that he was not the first man to live there. Drovers and wagon masters spread the news of the new settlement at Toowoomba. By 1858 Toowoomba was growing fast. It had a population of 700, three hotels and many stores. Land selling at £4 an acre (£988/km²) in 1850 was now £150 an acre (£37,000/km²). Governor Bowen granted the wish of locals and a new municipality was proclaimed on 24 November 1860.

A NASA Landsat montage of Toowoomba city

The first town council election took place on 4 January 1861 and William Henry Groom won. The railway from Ipswich was opened in 1867, bringing with it business development.[5] In 1892, the Under Secretary of Public Land proclaimed Toowoomba and the surrounding areas as a township and in 1904 Toowoomba was declared a city. Pastoralism replaced agriculture and dairying by the 1900s.[5]

Toowoomba was named as Australia's Tidiest Town in 2008.[8]

Geography

Toowoomba is situated at a latitude and longitude of 27°33′S 151°57′E / 27.550°S 151.950°E / -27.550; 151.950. Toowoomba sits on the crest of the Great Dividing Range, around 700 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level. A few streets are on the eastern side of the edge of the range, but most of the city is west of the divide.

The City occupies the edge of the range and the low ridges behind it. Two valleys run north from the southern boundary, each arising from springs either side of Middle Ridge near Spring Street at an altitude of around 680 m. These waterways, East Creek and West Creek flow together just north of the CBD to form Gowrie Creek.

Gowrie Creek drains to the west across the Darling Downs and is a tributary of the Condamine River, part of the Murray-Darling Basin. The water flowing down Gowrie Creek makes its way some 3,000 km (1,900 mi) to the mouth of the Murray River near Adelaide in South Australia. Rain which falls on the easternmost streets of Toowoomba flows east to Moreton Bay a distance of around 170 km (110 mi).

Suburbs

Architecture and heritage

View from Russell Street
Toowoomba Town Hall

Toowoomba's history has been preserved in its buildings. Examples of architecture drawing from the city's wealthy beginnings include Toowoomba City Hall which was Queensland's first purpose-built town hall,[5] the National Trust Royal Bull's Head Inn and many examples in the heritage-listed Russell Street. Immediately to the east of the CBD is the Caledonian Estate, an area of turn of the 20th century housing, ranging from humble workers cottages to large stately homes, in the classic wooden Queenslander style.

Toowoomba is also home to The Empire Theatre, which was originally opened in June 1911, as a silent movie house. In February 1933, fire broke out, almost completely destroying the building.[9] However, the Empire was rebuilt and reopened in November 1933. The architectural styling of the new Empire Theatre was art deco, in keeping with the trend of the 1930s. After years of neglect, the Empire Theatre was extensively renovated in the late 1990s, but retains much of its art deco architecture and decorations,[9] especially the proscenium arch. Able to seat approximately 1,500 people, the Empire Theatre is now the largest regional theatre in Australia.

The City also is home to the Cobb & Co Museum, hailing to the famous mail company's beginnings as a small mail run in the 1800s to transport mail and passengers to Brisbane and beyond. It also houses Australia's largest collection of horse-drawn vehicles. The museum has undergone a AU$8 million redevelopment before reopening in September 2010.[10]

Climate

Toowoomba enjoys four distinct seasons and the rich volcanic soil in the region helps maintain the 150 public parks that are scattered across the city. Jacaranda, Camphor laurel and Plane trees line many of the city streets. The city's reputation as 'The Garden City' is highlighted during the Australian Carnival of Flowers festival held in September each year. Deciduous trees from around the world line many of the parks, giving a display of autumn colour.[11] This is particularly rare in Australia, as nearly the entire continent is forested with evergreens.

Daily maximum temperatures in Toowoomba average 27 °C (81 °F) in summer and 16 °C (61 °F) in winter.[12] According to the Bureau of Meteorology, the highest temperature ever recorded in Toowoomba was 39.3 °C (102.7 °F), while the lowest was −4.4 °C (24.1 °F). Winter temperatures seldom go below freezing, however in a situation unique among Queensland cities, snow has been reported on the higher parts of the city on rare occasions. Light frost will be experienced several nights each winter in the city centre, more often in the western suburbs.

Average annual rainfall, according to the Bureau of Meteorology, is 944 millimetres (37.2 in) per year in Toowoomba City.[12] Rainfall in the eastern suburbs along the Great Diving Range nudges 1,000 mm (39 in) per year.

Governance

Main article: Politics of Toowoomba, Queensland

Toowoomba is located in and is the seat of the Toowoomba Region local government area. The city is represented in the Parliament of Queensland by three seats: Toowoomba North, Toowoomba South and Condamine. Toowoomba North is the only Labor held seat in Toowoomba. In the Commonwealth Parliament, Toowoomba forms part of the Division of Groom, which is held by Ian MacFarlane for the Liberal Party of Australia.

See also: List of Mayors of Toowoomba

Economy

The largest industry employers in Toowoomba (2004) are retail trade (17.8%); health and community services (13.3%); manufacturing (12.2%); and education (11.1%). Professional employment was the most prominent occupation (18.2%) followed by clerical, sales and service workers (17.7%) and tradespersons and related workers (13.3%). [citation needed] The Australian Defence Force is also present in the local community, with the city providing housing and amenities for many of the personnel based at the Oakey Army Aviation Centre (in Oakey, 29 km (18 mi) NW of Toowoomba) and Borneo Barracks at Cabarlah to the city's North.

Economic growth potential in the region has been identified through the development of energy resources found in the Surat Basin and in food processing.[13]

Education

Toowoomba is a major education centre.

Primary

There are numerous primary schools in Toowoomba. Among these are:

State

Private/Religious

Secondary

State High

Private/Religious

Tertiary

Culture

Festivals

The annual Flower Festival is a chance to show off Toowoomba's parks and gardens at their best

Toowoomba is nationally[14] renowned for its annual Flower Festival, held each year in September. Many of the city's major parks and gardens are especially prepared for the Festival, which also includes a prominent Home Garden Competition, with persons able to visit participating homes and gardens for inspection, and a Parade with flower-themed floats. Buses bring people from around the nation,[15] and a popular way to arrive at the Festival from Brisbane is on specially chartered retired steam or diesel train,[16] which captures the yesteryear aspect of travel to Toowoomba in 19th century wooden carriages.

Food

Toowoomba is well served by the restaurant Weis, in one of the City's oldest heritage buildings dating from the 1920s,[17] Toowoomba also is home to the Weis Bar (not affiated with Weis Restaurant)[18]

Sport

Rugby league is the most popular sport in Toowoomba. A team representing Toowoomba used to compete in the Bulimba Cup tournament. Toowoomba currently does not host a team in any of the major national competitions but was home to the Toowoomba Clydesdales in the Queensland Cup state league. The Clydesdales were the feeder team for Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League (NRL) from 1999 to 2006.[19] The Clysedales dropped out of the Queensland Cup after the 2006 season due to financial difficulties and are no longer a feeder club for the Brisbane Broncos.[20]

The city has a soccer club Toowoomba Raiders FC that plays in the Brisbane Premier League Division 1. The Garden City Raiders are the junior soccer club.

Australian rules football is played by four senior teams in the AFL Darling Downs competition: Coolaroo, Toowoomba Tigers, University of Southern Queensland and South Toowoomba. The sport is not as popular as the Rugby codes, but is gaining in popularity amongst juniors. In 2006, Brad Howard became the first draftee from Toowoomba to the Australian Football League.

Toowoomba has clubs for other sports including cricket (Toowoomba Cricket Inc), archery, swimming, tennis, softball, baseball), netball (Toowoomba Netball Association), hockey (Toowoomba Hockey Association), gridiron (Chargers) and basketball (Toowoomba Basketball Association). The city is also home of the Toowoomba Mountaineers Basketball Team, which participates in the Queensland Australian Basketball League (QABL).

Toowoomba is home to Clifford Park Racecourse one of Australia's leading provincial race tracks. Clifford Park Racecourse was acquired as a 160-acre block in 1861 and the first meeting on it was conducted by the Darling Downs Jockey Club at the course then known as Drayton and Toowoomba Racecourse on 6 March 1862. In 1882, Toowoomba Turf Club was formed and conducted its first meetings on 3 & 4 June that year. The first recorded Toowoomba Cup as run in 1919. In 1992 the club made Australian racing history by staging the first race ever run under electric lights, the Fosters Toowoomba Cup, which was won by Waigani Drive. On 4 September 1996, the club staged the first ever night race meeting in Australia. Known as the 'Home of twilight racing' Clifford Park continues to race under lights every Saturday night and hosts 57 TAB race meeting per year. The Toowoomba Turf Club continued to make Australian racing history when on the 16 February 2009 members voted in favour of the replacement of the grass course proper with a synthetic racing surface called Cushion Track. The completion of the project will take full effect on 11 July 2009 when the annual Weetwood Handicap and Toowoomba Cup meeting will be held for the first time on the cushion track surface.

Notable people from Toowoomba

Main article: List of notable people from Toowoomba, Queensland

Media

Print

  • The Toowoomba Chronicle [1]
  • Toowoomba Mail [2]

Radio

  • 4QS 747 (ABC Local Radio)
  • 4GR 864 (commercial)
  • 4WK 1359 (commercial)- Relay of 4WK Warwick.
  • 4AK 1242 (commercial)- Based in Oakey, located 20 km (12 mi) west of Toowoomba CBD.
  • Radio 2 1620 (commercial)- Relay of Radio 2 network Sydney.
  • C FM 100.7 (commercial) - Named "C" fm rather than SEA due to Toowoomba's inland location
  • POWER FM (narrowcast) 88.0 - Non-community FM station
  • Triple J 104.1 - Also available 103.3 from Warwick and 107.7 from Brisbane
  • ABC Radio National 105.7
  • ABC Classic FM 107.3
  • Country FM 91.5 (narrowcast)
  • 4GOD 92.9 The Light (Christian community)
  • 93.7 (narrowcast - racing)
  • 99.1 (narrowcast) Kids FM - exclusively kids music and stories
  • 4DDB 102.7 (community)

Note: Owners of CFM 100.7 and 4GR (Gold Radio Pty. Ltd) also own all 3 narrowcast stations in Toowoomba (91.5, 93.7 & 99.1 FM).

Television

Toowoomba is serviced by three commercial national network stations and two national non-commercial network stations. These are Seven Queensland, Southern Cross Ten, WIN Television, ABC TV and SBS TV.

News for Toowoomba is screened every weeknight at 6:30pm on WIN Television, broadcast from the WIN studios in the Toowoomba suburb of Mount Lofty. News is presented by Samantha Heathwood, with sport presenter Pat O'Shea and weather with Peter Byrne. On weekends news is relayed from Channel 9, Brisbane.

Seven Queensland and Southern Cross Ten have a physical presence in Toowoomba, but local news programs do not exist on these channels. Instead, they carry news bulletins from Brisbane stations Channel 7 and Channel 10.

Infrastructure

Transport

There are extensive suburban bus services operated by Bus Queensland (who took over from Garden City Sunbus) throughout the city from around 9:00 am to around 5:30 pm Monday to Friday. A limited service runs Saturday. There are no Sunday services[citation needed].

There are frequent inter-city bus services between Toowoomba and Brisbane, and other centres[citation needed].

Toowoomba is not included in TransLink, the Southeast Queensland integrated public transport system—a matter of some local contention[citation needed].

Toowoomba has a twice weekly rail service from Brisbane to Charleville, Queensland and return on QR's Westlander[citation needed].

There are no local rail or tram services, however the development of a suburban railway system has been flagged[citation needed]. Toowoomba is criss-crossed by several railway lines which are largely unused, or used for freight, and idle railway stations can be found in the suburbs (including Ballard, Drayton, Harlaxton and Harristown) dating to when these localities were separate centres.

Toowoomba is serviced by Toowoomba Airport, which is used by the Royal Flying Doctor Service and the Darling Downs Aeroclub.

Health

Toowoomba is serviced by one public hospital, Toowoomba Base Hospital, and two private hospitals - St. Andrew's Toowoomba Hospital and St. Vincents Hospital. There is also the Toowoomba Hospice which is a community based private healthcare facility which provides palliative care to the terminally ill.(http://toowoombahospice.org.au/)

Water

Combined water supply for the City (current as of the 14th of October, 2010): 30.6% or 38,838 ML.

Toowoomba's third water storage Cressbrook Dam was completed in 1983 and supplied water to Toowoomba in 1988. It has a full capacity of about 80,000 megalitres bringing total capacity of the three dams, Cooby, Perseverance, and Cressbrook, to 126,000 megalitres.

The city also has underground supplies in fractured basalt, it sits above the eastern edge of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) and to the west underground water is available beneath agricultural alluvium.

The average rainfall in the period 1998 to 2005 has been 30% below the long term average consistent with a prolonged drought and this trend continued through to spring of 2007. In mid 2005, the water situation for the city was becoming critical with water supply levels below 30%.[21] Environmental flows from Cressbrook Dam into Cressbrook Creek were allowed to cease as Toowoomba approached level five water restrictions.[21] During March 2006 the surface water storage in the dams fell below 25% of full capacity, falling even more to 12.8% as of 10 March 2008. The city's water supply was at an all time low of 7.7% in December 2009.[22]

The previous Toowoomba Mayor Dianne Thorley proposed a controversial potable re-use project under the Toowoomba Water Futures plan which would result in water reclaimed from the Wetalla Sewage Treatment Plant being returned to Cooby Dam to provide 25% of the potable water supply for Toowoomba. Other water supply options include importing water from Oakey Creek Groundwater Management Area (average TDS = 1660 mg/L), importing water from Condamine Groundwater Management Area (Average TDS = 740 mg/L), and water from coal seam gas production (TDS = 1200–4300 mg/L).

One of the difficulties with the Water Futures proposal was that it relied on Acland Coal, a subsidiary of New Hope Corporation, taking the reverse osmosis waste stream. However, they had never agreed to this. Without their involvement, 6 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi) of evaporation ponds, costing at least an additional $70 million, would have been required. This amount was not included in Council's budget for the Water Futures project[citation needed].

On 29 July 2006 Toowoomba City Council conducted a poll of Toowoomba residents on the proposal to use this multi-barrier filtration system for filtering sewage for drinking purposes. The poll question was: "Do you support the addition of purified recycled water to Toowoomba’s water supply via Cooby Dam as proposed by Water Futures – Toowoomba?” 38% of voters supported the proposal and 62% opposed. This meant that despite dams reaching critical levels, the city rejected the use of recycled water in a plebiscite. Since the public rejection in 2006 of adding recycled sewage to the drinking water supply, water conservation measures have included harvesting stormwater for use in public parks and adding filtered groundwater to the town water supply.The city was under level 5 water restrictions as of 26 September 2006. This prohibits residents from using town water on their lawns, gardens or cars, and residents are strongly urged to cut down on water consumption.

In 2007, the Toowoomba City Council commenced a bore drilling program to augment the dwindling dam supplies and constructed several subartesian bores across the city and one artesian bore at Wetalla in the city's north. Many of the subartesian bores provided potable water with a reliable yield and have been developed into production however the artesian bore's water quality was very poor, prohibiting development as a potable source. This was an expensive setback for the city as the cost was over A$2 million for drilling to over 700 metres. In January 2008, yield testing had been stalled due to the unavailability of appropriate pumping equipment. The Toowoomba Regional Council began supplementing the city's water supply with bore water from the Great Artesian Basin in September 2009.[23] Groundwater has become a significant contributor to the city's water supply needs and now constitutes one third of the total volume of water treated for reticulated supply (160 ML per week).[24]

Also in 2007, the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water initiated a subartesian drilling program centred on Toowoomba to expand its network of groundwater monitoring stations in the Main Range Volcanics. With the increased demand for groundwater in the area from council, commercial and urban users, more information was required to effectively manage the resource whereas previously the location and density of monitoring stations would not provide enough data.

The state government has built a $187 million pipeline from Wivenhoe Dam to Toowoomba. Water pumping along the 38 km pipeline to Cressbrook Dam began in January 2010.[25]

See also: Drought in Australia and Water restrictions in Australia

Sister cities

Toowoomba has sister city relations with three international cities; Wanganui, New Zealand, Takatsuki, Japan and Paju, South Korea.[26]

References

  1. ^ a b "3218.0 Population Estimates by Statistical District, 2001 to 2009". 3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2008-09. ABS. 30 March 2010.
  2. ^ "Toowomba". Climate Averages for Australian Sites. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
  3. ^ "Toowomba's home page". web page. toowoomba.org. 13 June 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
  4. ^ [www.thechronicle.com.au/story/.../drug-taker-defends-gps/ "The Ongoing Drug epidemic"]. web page. Toowoomba Chronicle. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Text "date 28th September 2010" ignored (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland) (2000). Heritage Trails of the Great South East. State of Queensland. pp. 74–76. ISBN 0-7345-1008-X.
  6. ^ "Dictionary of Australian Biography Cl-Cu". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Project Gutenberg Australia.
  7. ^ "History of the region". Toowoomba Regional Council. 14 May 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
  8. ^ "Toowoomba - Australia's Tidiest Town 2008". Toowoomba Regional Council. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Empire Theatre marks 95th anniversary". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 June 2006. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  10. ^ Peter Hackney (4 September 2010). "Cobb & Co Museum reopens". The Toowoomba Chronicle. APN News & Media. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  11. ^ "Toowoomba autumn tourism turns new leaf". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 May 2002. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  12. ^ a b "Climate statistics for Australian locations". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  13. ^ "About Council: Economic development". Toowoomba Regional Council. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  14. ^ "Toowoomba Carnival of Flowers - Events". about-australia.com.au. undated. Retrieved 2008-10-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ "Train buffs have chance to go loco". EZI Drive Coaches and Mini Buses. 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-13. {{cite web}}: Text "Family Fun" ignored (help); Text "Finda" ignored (help)
  16. ^ Toowoomba Chronicle ([2008-09-17]). "Train buffs have chance to go loco". Retrieved 2008-10-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Weis Restaurant
  18. ^ Weis
  19. ^ Clydesdales gone forever: Martin - Toowoomba Chronicle - 2006-12-07 08:00:00.0 - localsport
  20. ^ SportsNews.com.au: Aspley new Brisbane Broncos feeder club
  21. ^ a b "Govt urged to review water agreement". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 August 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  22. ^ Anthea Gleeson (22 September 2010). "Expert not ready to 'call' drought". Warwick Daily News. APN News & Media. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  23. ^ Mitch Gaynor (20 September 2009). "Toowoomba taps into bore water as drought continues". The Sunday Mail. Queensland Newspapers. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  24. ^ "Weekly Water Consumption Figures". Toowoomba City Council. 10 March 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
  25. ^ "Pipeline sparks water price assurance". ABC Southern Queensland. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 January 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  26. ^ "Sister cities". Toowoomba Regional Council. 9 September 2008. Retrieved 20 July 2010.

Further reading

Toowoomba as a Railway Centre, Knowles, J Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, January, 1959 pp10–16

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toowoomba, Queensland.

27°33′S 151°57′E / 27.550°S 151.950°E / -27.550; 151.950

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