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[[File:MarkZuckerberg.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mark Zuckerberg]] created Facebook in his [[Harvard University|Harvard]] dorm room.]]
[[File:MarkZuckerberg.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mark Zuckerberg]] created Facebook in his [[Harvard University|Harvard]] dorm room.]]


In early 2003, Adam D'Angelo, then a [[CalTech]] student who had been [[Mark Zuckerberg]]'s best friend in high school, had developed the experimental, rudimentary social networking website ''Buddy Zoo,'' that was used by hundreds of thousands of people before D'Angelo shut it down. That summer, Zuckerberg and friends who were also computer science students worked coding for the summer in Boston and discussed the implication of D'Angelo's website's success with regard to the future of social networking on the Internet.<ref name = MisleadingView>{{cite news|newspaper = [[The Telegraph]]|title = The Social Network: a misleading view of Facebook's birth|first = David|last = Kirkpatrick|date = October 14, 2010}}</ref> In the fall, Zuckerberg, returning for his [[Sophomore#Education in the US|sophomore]] year at [[Harvard University|Harvard]], wrote ''CourseMatch,'' a briefly popular site that helped Harvard students figure out what courses their friends were taking;<ref name = MisleadingView/> and then, on October 28, 2003, he wrote ''Facemash,'' a site that, according to the [[The Harvard Crimson|Harvard Crimson]], represented a Harvard University version of [[Hot or Not]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20050403215543/www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=357292 |title=Hundreds Register for New Facebook Website |first=Alan J. |last=Tabak |date=February 9, 2004 |publisher=Harvard Crimson |accessdate=2008-11-07}}</ref>
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In early 2003, craig peterson created facebook. later that night craig was blogging about a girl who had dumped him and trying to think of something to do to get her off his mind:<ref name="Hoffman, Claire">{{cite web|accessdate=2009-02-05|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/17389/203822|title=The Battle for Facebook|publisher=Rolling Stone|date=2008-06-28|author=Hoffman, Claire}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Bari | last=Schwartz | coauthors= |authorlink= | title=Hot or Not? Website Briefly Judges Looks | date=2003-11-04 | publisher= | url =http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=349808 | work =Harvard Crimson | pages = | accessdate = 2009-07-26 | language = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| accessdate=2009-02-05| url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/05/13/facemash-returns-as-what-else-a-facebook-app-uliken/| title=Facemash Returns As (What Else?) A Facebook App Called ULiken| publisher=Tech Crunch| date=2008-05-13}}</ref>

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That night, Zuckerberg was blogging about a girl who had dumped him and trying to think of something to do to get her off his mind:<ref name="Hoffman, Claire">{{cite web|accessdate=2009-02-05|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/17389/203822|title=The Battle for Facebook|publisher=Rolling Stone|date=2008-06-28|author=Hoffman, Claire}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Bari | last=Schwartz | coauthors= |authorlink= | title=Hot or Not? Website Briefly Judges Looks | date=2003-11-04 | publisher= | url =http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=349808 | work =Harvard Crimson | pages = | accessdate = 2009-07-26 | language = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| accessdate=2009-02-05| url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/05/13/facemash-returns-as-what-else-a-facebook-app-uliken/| title=Facemash Returns As (What Else?) A Facebook App Called ULiken| publisher=Tech Crunch| date=2008-05-13}}</ref>


{{quote|I'm a little intoxicated, not gonna lie. So what if it's not even 10 p.m. and it's a Tuesday night? What? The Kirkland [dorm] facebook is open on my desktop and some of these people have pretty horrendous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next to pictures of farm animals and have people vote on which is more attractive.|9:48 pm}}
{{quote|I'm a little intoxicated, not gonna lie. So what if it's not even 10 p.m. and it's a Tuesday night? What? The Kirkland [dorm] facebook is open on my desktop and some of these people have pretty horrendous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next to pictures of farm animals and have people vote on which is more attractive.|9:48 pm}}

Revision as of 18:04, 18 November 2010

See also: Timeline of Facebook

Facemash

Mark Zuckerberg created Facebook in his Harvard dorm room.

In early 2003, Adam D'Angelo, then a CalTech student who had been Mark Zuckerberg's best friend in high school, had developed the experimental, rudimentary social networking website Buddy Zoo, that was used by hundreds of thousands of people before D'Angelo shut it down. That summer, Zuckerberg and friends who were also computer science students worked coding for the summer in Boston and discussed the implication of D'Angelo's website's success with regard to the future of social networking on the Internet.[1] In the fall, Zuckerberg, returning for his sophomore year at Harvard, wrote CourseMatch, a briefly popular site that helped Harvard students figure out what courses their friends were taking;[1] and then, on October 28, 2003, he wrote Facemash, a site that, according to the Harvard Crimson, represented a Harvard University version of Hot or Not.[2]

That night, Zuckerberg was blogging about a girl who had dumped him and trying to think of something to do to get her off his mind:[3][4][5]

I'm a little intoxicated, not gonna lie. So what if it's not even 10 p.m. and it's a Tuesday night? What? The Kirkland [dorm] facebook is open on my desktop and some of these people have pretty horrendous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next to pictures of farm animals and have people vote on which is more attractive.

— 9:48 pm

Yea, it's on. I'm not exactly sure how the farm animals are going to fit into this whole thing (you can't really ever be sure with farm animals...), but I like the idea of comparing two people together.

— 11:09 pm

Let the hacking begin.

— 12:58 am

According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash "used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the 'hotter' person". To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the houses' private dormitory ID images.

Harvard at that time did not have a student directory with photos, and basic information and the initial site generated 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online.[6] That the initial site mirrored people’s physical community—with their real identities—represented the key aspects of what later became Facebook.[7]

"Perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that could possibly be expanded to other schools (maybe even ones with good-looking people...)," Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. "But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for making this site. Oh well. Someone had to do it eventually..."[8] The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, and violating individual privacy, and faced expulsion, but ultimately the charges were dropped.[9]

Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final by uploading 500 Augustan images to a website, with one image per page along with a comment section.[7] He opened the site up to his classmates and people started sharing their notes. "The professor said it had the best grades of any final he’d ever given. This was my first social hack. With Facebook, I wanted to make something that would make Harvard more open," Zuckerberg said in a TechCrunch interview.

Thefacebook

The homepage of Thefacebook on February 12, 2004

In January 2004, the following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website. He was inspired, he said, by an editorial in The Harvard Crimson about the Facemash incident. "It is clear that the technology needed to create a centralized Website is readily available," the paper observed. "The benefits are many."[3] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched "Thefacebook", originally located at thefacebook.com.[10] "Everyone’s been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard," Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson. "I think it’s kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week."[11] "When Mark finished the site, he told a couple of friends. And then one of them suggested putting it on the Kirkland House online mailing list, which was...three hundred people," according to roommate Dustin Moskovitz. "And, once they did that, several dozen people joined, and then they were telling people at the other houses. By the end of the night, we were...actively watching the registration process. Within twenty-four hours, we had somewhere between twelve hundred and fifteen hundred registrants."[12]

Just six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product.[13]

The three complained to the Harvard Crimson and the newspaper began an investigation. Zuckerberg used his site, TheFacebook.com, to look up members of the site who identified themselves as members of the Crimson. Then he examined a log of failed logins to see if any of the Crimson members had ever entered an incorrect password into TheFacebook.com. In the cases in which they had entered failed logins, Mark tried to use them to access the Crimson members' Harvard email accounts. He successfully accessed two of them.[13] The three later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, later settling.[14]

Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[15] Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[16] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League and Boston area schools, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[17] Facebook incorporated in the summer of 2004 and the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the company's president.[18] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[16] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[19]

Facebook

Template:Facebook growth

Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[20] At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join.[21] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[22] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006, to everyone of ages 13 and older with a valid e-mail address.[23][24] In October 2008, Facebook announced that it was to set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[25]

Facebook has been highly used in the years 2009-2010. It has crossed the visits of Google in some continents. Recently[as of?], Facebook.com was the top social network across eight of individual markets in the Southeast Asia/Oceania region (Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Vietnam), while other brands commanded the top positions in certain markets, including Google-owned Orkut in India, Mixi.jp in Japan, CyWorld in South Korea and Yahoo!’s Wretch.cc in Taiwan.[citation needed]

In 2010 Facebook began to pro-actively involve its users in the running of the website, by inviting users to become beta testers after passing a question and answer based selection process[26], and also by creating a new section know as Facebook Engineering Puzzles where users would solve computational problems and then potentially be hired by Facebook.[27]

Financials

Facebook's former headquarters in downtown Palo Alto, California.

Facebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, in exchange for 7% of the company.[28] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[28][29] A leaked cash flow statement showed that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[30]

With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[31] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company, and denied rumors to the contrary.[32] On March 28, 2006, BusinessWeek reported that a potential acquisition of Facebook was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[33]

In September 2006, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of Facebook, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[34] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[35]

On July 17, 2007, Zuckerberg said that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, saying "We're not really looking to sell the company... We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[36] In September 2007, Microsoft approached Facebook, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company, offering an estimated $300–500 million.[37] That month, other companies, including Google, expressed interest in buying a portion of Facebook.[38]

On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.[39] However, Microsoft bought preferred stock that carried special rights, such as "liquidation preferences" that meant Microsoft would get paid before common stockholders if the company is sold. Microsoft's purchase also included rights to place international ads on Facebook.[40] In November 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[41]

Entrance to Facebook's current headquarters in the Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto, California.

In August 2008, BusinessWeek reported that private sales by employees, as well as purchases by venture capital firms, had and were being done at share prices that put the company's total valuation at between $3.75 billion and $5 billion.[40] In October 2008, Zuckerberg said "I don't think social networks can be monetized in the same way that search did... In three years from now we have to figure out what the optimum model is. But that is not our primary focus today."[42]

In August 2009, Facebook acquired social media real-time news aggregator FriendFeed,[43] a startup created by the former Google employee and Gmail's first engineer Paul Buchheit who, while at Google, coined the phrase "Don't be evil".[44][45][46] In September 2009, Facebook claimed that it had turned cash flow positive for the first time.[47] In February 2010, Facebook acquired Malaysian contact-importing startup Octazen Solutions.[48] On April 2, 2010, Facebook announced acquisition of photo-sharing service called Divvyshot for an undisclosed amount.[49] In June 2010, an online marketplace for trading private company stock reflected a valuation of $11.5 billion.[50]

At the All Things Digital conference in June 2010, Zuckerberg was asked if he expected to remain CEO if the company went public. Zuckerberg said he did, adding that he doesn't "think about going public ... much." He said he did not have a date in mind for a potential IPO.[51][52]

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b Kirkpatrick, David (October 14, 2010). "The Social Network: a misleading view of Facebook's birth". The Telegraph.
  2. ^ Tabak, Alan J. (February 9, 2004). "Hundreds Register for New Facebook Website". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  3. ^ a b Hoffman, Claire (2008-06-28). "The Battle for Facebook". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
  4. ^ Schwartz, Bari (2003-11-04). "Hot or Not? Website Briefly Judges Looks". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2009-07-26. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ "Facemash Returns As (What Else?) A Facebook App Called ULiken". Tech Crunch. 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
  6. ^ Locke, Laura. "The Future of Facebook", Time Magazine, July 17, 2007. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
  7. ^ a b McGirt, Ellen. "Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg: Hacker. Dropout. CEO. ", Fast Company, May 1, 2007. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  8. ^ O'Brien, Luke (November/December 2007). "Poking Facebook". 02138. p. 66. Retrieved 2008-06-26. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Kaplan, Katherine (2003-11-19). "Facemash Creator Survives Ad Board". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
  10. ^ Seward, Zachary M. (2007-07-25). "Judge Expresses Skepticism About Facebook Lawsuit". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  11. ^ Tabak, Alan (February 9, 2004). "Hundreds Register for New Facebook Website". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  12. ^ Cassidy, John (2006-05-13). "Me Media". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2009-07-20. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ a b Carlson, Nicolas (2010-03-05). "In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg Broke Into A Facebook User's Private Email Account". Business Insider. Retrieved 2010-03-05. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  14. ^ Brad Stone (2008-06-28). "Judge Ends Facebook's Feud With ConnectU". The New York Times.
  15. ^ Phillips, Sarah (2007-07-25). "A brief history of Facebook". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  16. ^ a b "Press Room". Facebook. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  17. ^ Rosmarin, Rachel (2006-09-11). "Open Facebook". Forbes. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  18. ^ Rosen, Ellen (2005-05-26). "Student's Start-Up Draws Attention and $13 Million". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
  19. ^ Williams, Chris (2007-10-01). "Facebook wins Manx battle for face-book.com". The Register. Retrieved 2008-06-13.|
  20. ^ Dempsey, Laura (2006-08-03). "Facebook is the go-to Web site for students looking to hook up". Dayton Daily News.
  21. ^ Lerer, Lisa (2007-01-25). "Why MySpace Doesn't Card". Forbes. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  22. ^ Lacy, Sarah (2006-09-12). "Facebook: Opening the Doors Wider". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  23. ^ Abram, Carolyn (2006-09-26). "Welcome to Facebook, everyone". Facebook. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  24. ^ "Terms of Use". Facebook. 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  25. ^ "Press Releases". Facebook. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  26. ^ Catacchio, Chad. "Facebook Inviting Beta Testers For New Questions Feature". TNW Social Media. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
  27. ^ Facebook Engineering Puzzles
  28. ^ a b "Why you should beware of Facebook". The Age. 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  29. ^ Teller, Sam (2006-04-25). "Investors Add $25M to Facebook's Coffers". The Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on 2006-04-25. Retrieved 2008-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2007-08-18 suggested (help)
  30. ^ "Statement of Cash Flows". 02138. Retrieved 2008-04-30. [dead link‍]
  31. ^ "News Corp in $580 m internet buy". BBC News. 2005-07-19. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  32. ^ Zuckerberg, Mark (2006-09-08). "Free Flow of Information on the Internet discussions". Facebook. Retrieved 2006-09-13. {{cite web}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  33. ^ Rosenbush, Steve (2006-03-28). "Facebook's on the Block". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2006-04-03.
  34. ^ Delaney, Kevin (2006-09-21). "Facebook, Riding a Web Trend, Flirts With a Big-Money Deal". Dow Jones & Company. p. 1. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  35. ^ Sullivan, Brian (2006-12-15). "Facebook, Courted By Yahoo, Won't Sell, Director Says (Update3)". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  36. ^ Sakuma, Paul (2007-06-17). "The Future of Facebook". Time. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  37. ^ Swartz, Jon (2007-10-02). "Tech giants poke around Facebook". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  38. ^ Delaney, Kevin (2007-09-25). "Microsoft Fires Volley At Google in Ad Battle". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  39. ^ "Facebook and Microsoft Expand Strategic Alliance". Microsoft. 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  40. ^ a b "Facebook Stock For Sale". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  41. ^ "Li Ka-shing invests 60 million dollars in Facebook: report". Tehran Times. 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  42. ^ Peter Kafka (October 10, 2008). "Zuckerberg: Facebook Will Have A Business Plan In Three Years". Silicon Alley Insider.
  43. ^ Facebook Acquires FriendFeed Techcrunch
  44. ^ Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More Google Blogoscoped
  45. ^ Don't Be Evil, a Trigger for Ethical Questions Google Operating System Blog
  46. ^ http://www.crazyengineers.com/mr-paul-buchheit-creator-of-gmail-adsense-friendfeed/ Small Talk with Mr. Paul Buchheit – Creator of Gmail, Adsense & FriendFeed!]{} CrazyEngineers
  47. ^ "Facebook 'cash flow positive,' signs 300M users". Cbc.ca. 2009-09-16. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  48. ^ Arrington, Michael (2010-02-19). "Facebook acquires contact-importing company Octazen". Techcrunch.com. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  49. ^ "Facebook buys photo service Divvyshot". 2 April 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  50. ^ Narasu Rebbapragada (2010-06-21). "What Is Your Facebook Data Worth?". PC World.
  51. ^ Oreskovic, Alexei (2 June 2010). "Facebook CEO says no date in mind for IPO". Reuters. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  52. ^ Swisher, Kara (10 June 2010). "Full D8 Video: Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg". All Things Digital. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
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