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[[Category:Cities and towns in Gurgaon district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gurgaon district]]

Revision as of 10:53, 15 December 2010

Template:Two other uses

Gurgaon
Gurgaon
गुड़गांव
City
Nickname: 
Millenium City
Map
Population
 (2009)
 • Total
600,000
Websitehttp://gurgaon.nic.in/

Gurgaonpronunciationⓘ (Template:Lang-hi) is the sixth largest city in the Indian state of Haryana. Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana. It is located 30 km south of national capital New Delhi and 268 km south of Chandigarh, the state capital. An important town in ancient Hindu mythology[citation needed], Gurgaon is one of Delhi's four major satellite cities and is part of the National Capital Region of India. According to a survey by Business Today magazine, Gurgaon is considered the best city in India to work and live in.[1]

Gurgaon is also the only Indian city to have successfully distributed electricity connections to all its households.[2] However, because of its heavy vehicular traffic and inefficient public transportation apart from the Delhi Metro, Gurgaon ranks 11 amongst Indian cities on the "Life after Work" index of Business Today. Gurgaon has the 3rd highest per capita income in India after Chandigarh and Mumbai.[3]

Over the past 25 years the city has undergone rapid development and construction.[4] A wave of multinational companies choose to locate their operations in Gurgaon after GE did so in 1997. Big companies like Airtel, American Express, EXL, IBM, Microsoft, Sapient, DLF, Maruti Suzuki, Hero Honda, Infosys, Ericsson, Oracle, Bank of America, American Airlines, The Coca-Cola Company, etc. have made Gurgaon the call centre capital of India and an important financial center.[5]

Etymology

The origin of the city's name is steeped in Hindu mythology. Legend has it that Gurgaon is the ancestral village of Guru Dronacharya, the teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas in the Indian epic, the Mahabharata. In Sanskrit, Guru means teacher, which in this case refers to Dronacharya and both Gram and Gaon mean village. According to Hindu mythology, the village was gifted by the Pandavas and Kauravas to Dronacharya the son of Rishi Bhardwaj, and was therefore known as guru-gram. Over time the colloquial term gaon (which also means village in Prakrit) was substituted for gram and the name Gurgaon emerged.

History

Gurgaon in Punjab Province in 1903.[6]
File:Rao tila ram.jpg
King Rao Tula Ram of Rewari[7]

It is believed that the city of Gurgaon by Drona on land given to him by Dhritarashtra, the king of Hastinapur in recognition of his teachings of martial arts to the princes, and the 'Dronacharya Tank', still exists within the Gurgaon city, along with a village called Gurgaon.[8]

Gurgaon has been under the control of a succession of rulers appointed by the ruling power in Delhi including Yaduvanshi - Rajputs, Muslims, Marathas in this order. For a few years Farrukhnagar was taken from the Muslim Nawab and Ghasera from the BadGoojar Rajput Rao Bahadur Singh [9] of Ghasera [10] by Raja Surajmal of Bharatpur Kingdom in 1753 and held till 1763. Rewari was under Ahir/Yadav rulers.[11] During the Medieval period, Gurgaon was ruled by Muslim rulers. Later, the East India Company took control of Gurgaon through a treaty signed by Surji Arjungaon in the end of the year 1803 CE. By the mid nineteenth century Gurgaon was part of the princely protectorate of Pataudi which is a part of Gurgaon district today. The British integrated Gurgaon into the Punjab Province where it served as district and tehsil headquarters. After India's independence, Gurgaon continued to be a part of the state of Punjab until 1966 when Haryana was formed a separate state.

Gurgaon remained a small farming village while neighbouring Delhi emerged as India's political capital. Delhi's economic rise attracted a large influx of labourers from neighboring regions like Rajasthan, Orissa and Bihar rapidly increasing Delhi's population.[12] By early 1990s, Delhi was one of the most populous and crowded cities in the world and the need for a satellite city became more apparent. Gurgaon seemed like an ideal choice given its vast undeveloped farming lands and proximity to Delhi. Haryana Urban Development Authority bought large areas of land from farmers in Gurgaon and developed residential and commercial sectors.

In the 1990s the Government of India reformed the tax laws, thereby attracting private companies to build world-class buildings in Gurgaon.[5] The close proximity of Delhi International Airport also attracted private firms.[5] The recent completion of the privatized Delhi-Gurgaon expressway provides Gurgaon with world-class connectivity to Delhi International Airport, which has in turn attracted even more firms to locate their offices in Gurgaon.[5]

Caste Groups

Gurgaon is home to diverse caste groups and is a part of Ahirwal region. The majority of villages in Gurgaon are of Yaduvanshi Ahirs and the rest are of Jats and Gujjars. Gurgaon was home to a significant Muslim population before partition. Rohilla and Yousafzai Pashtuns were settled here after the 1857 War of Independence from Delhi and Northwestern Provinces (as Uttar Pradesh was called then). Meo Muslims were in majority in the Firozpur Jhirka state, where they still reside in large numbers though some migrated to Pakistan after partition. Thousands of Punjabi Hindu immigrants from the western part of Punjab that became Pakistan came here as refugees after partition of the country in 1947 and made their home here. Today Gurgaon is populated by people from across the globe.[13][14] A large number of Bangladeshis live illegally in Delhi and Gurgaon and work mainly as labourers.

Geography and climate

Sarus Crane at Sultanpur National Park

Gurgaon district comprises five blocks: Badshahpur, Pataudi, Sohna, Gurgaon and Farrukhnagar. On its north, it is bounded by the district of Jhajjar and Delhi. Faridabad district lies to its east. On its south, the district shares boundaries with the district of Mewat. To its west lies the district of Rewari and the Rajasthan state. Gurgaon city is situated at the northern edge of Aravali mountain ranges. The length of district is aabout 21 km(13 mi) and the breadth is 27 km (17 miles).[15]

The Sultanpur National Park located about 15 km from the centre of the city is a protected migratory bird sanctuary for the Sarus Crane, Indian Peafowl, Eurasian Wigeon and other birds.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[16] Gurgaon had a population of more than 600,000.[17] Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Gurgaon has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 65.38%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 73%. In Gurgaon, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

District administration

Municipal Corporation of Gurgaon

  • The Constitution of the Municipal Corporation(MCG) took effect on on 2nd June 2008. The MCG will elect municipal councillors, for the first time, in an election slated to be held in February 2010.

For more information on MCG: http://www.mcg.gov.in/

For more information on the MCG elections: http://gurgaon.com/?p=439

Economy

Further information: List of companies in Gurgaon
A major office complex in Gurgaon. IT services form the largest sector closely followed by retail.

Favorable tax policy by the Haryana government, pressure from Rajiv Gandhi to allow private companies to build properties and its proximity to Indira Gandhi International Airport saw the emergence of Gurgaon as one of the most prominent outsourcing and offshoring hubs in the world. It has also become a major hub of telecom companies. Prominent companies headquartered here include Bharti Airtel, Nokia, Motorola, Alcatel Lucent, Ericsson.

Automobile manufacturing, garment manufacturing, world-class real estate[18] and shopping malls are the other main industries. Gurgaon and Faridabad together generate over 50% of Haryana's income tax revenues.[19]

The distribution of outsourcing companies is skewed towards non-IT services [citation needed]. Gurgaon's outsourcing industry was born in 1997 when GE Capital International Services (GECIS) was set up as the India-based business process services operations of GE Capital.[18] In 2005, GECIS became an independent company - Genpact, which is now headquartered in Gurgaon. This trend continued after several other firms established themselves in the city. Gurgaon also has a major manufacturing industry. Car manufacturing facilities include India's largest passenger car company, Maruti Suzuki. Hero Honda, the world's biggest motor cycle company is based in Gurgaon.

Infrastructure

One of the attractions for international companies to operate factories and offices in Gurgaon is nearby Delhi Airport. Although the local government has claimed to provide electricity to almost all residents , the city people are frustrated by high costs, frequent cuts & low voltage problems which has resulted in some people fleeing to neighboring Delhi for a better standard of Living. Most of the official complexes and societies are running on Diesel gensets. Summer months are worst in Gurgaon with no proper water & electricity supplies.[20][21]

Private real-estate giants, such as Emaar Properties, DLF Limited and Unitech Group have built gated communities in Gurgaon, which have 24x7 water and security although electricity is a major concern, owing to 7–8 hours of power cuts which leads to high diesel costs and pollution.[22] These gated complexes range from apartment complexes to integrated mini-cities such as DLF City, Nirvana Country and Suncity.[23]

In the aftermath of the 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai, private companies are now hiring armed security guards and CISF officers.[24]

Real Estate Hub

DLF City Phase III, Cyber Greens

Private real estate companies such as DLF Universal, Unitech Group and others constructed offices in Gurgaon, near Delhi Airport and National Highway 8 and then leased them to Fortune 500 and Indian companies at rates cheaper than Bangalore or Mumbai.[25] The rapid urbanization resulted in some farmers in Gurgaon becoming millionaires when they sold their land to private property developers.[26] The increased Change of Land Use fees and Licence Fees levied by the Haryana government earned thousands of crore Rupees in taxes from property developers.[27] Retail is another big industry in Gurgaon, where there are 43 malls, including the biggest, Mall of India, giving Gurgaon the 3rd highest number of malls in an Indian city.[28]

Upcoming areas in Gurgaon developed by HUDA and private developers include Sohna Road, Pataudi road, Badshahpur, Dharuhera and Manesar. For more detail you can visit [29]

Industry

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project

Main article: Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Limited (DMICDC), the special purpose vehicle (SPV) floated by the government of India for implementing the DMIC projects, had appointed the consultant for undertaking a study on the master plan for the Manesar-Bawal Investment Region (MBIR) and undertaking pre-feasibility studies for two early bird projects.Haryana government had identified four Early Bird Projects to be implemented as a pilot initiative within the DMIC region, which includes Mass Rapid Transportation System between Gurgaon-Manesar-Bawal, exhibition-cum-convention centre, integrated multi-modal logistics hub and new passenger rail link.[30] The first phase of the project is likely to be completed by 2012 with an estimated $90 billion ( Rs 4,23,000 crore) to be invested to develop infrastructure in the investment regions.[31]

Reliance 25,000-acre SEZ

File:Marutisuzuki.jpg
Maruti Suzuki plant in Gurgaon

Reliance Ventures, a group company of India’s largest private sector company Reliance Industries, and the Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (HSIIDC),signed a joint venture to set up a multi-product special economic zone in Gurgaon.[32][33] At an investment of Rs 40,000 Crore, the project will be India’s largest SEZ spread over 25,000 acres (100 km2). It will be implement by a 90:10 joint venture company, Reliance Haryana SEZ Ltd. Reliance and HSIIDC will have directors in a ratio of 2:1 on the board of the joint venture company.

After the truce between the Ambani brothers the new and old business seems to be coming back on track. RIL is planning to kick-start its SEZ plan in Gurgaon and Jhajjar with around Rs 3000 crore being pumped in.Agreements are virtually done with Japanese and Korean companies like Panasonic and Mitsui for setting up large manufacturing and logistics facilities in the Gurgaon SEZ and estimated to create 1.5 million jobs.[34][35]

IMT Manesar

Main article: Manesar

HSIDC has acquired 1,736 acres (7.03 km2) land at Manesar to set up the industrial Model Township in 2006. After taking over the possession of the land, HSIDC has allotted about 110 acres (0.45 km2) land to vendors of MUL, Gurgaon and others in sector-3.

The IMT Manesar is located at 28 22′north latitudes and 76 57′ east longitudes. The IMT is situated on the National Highway No.8 known as Delhi-Jaipur highway and is extremely well-connected to Delhi.

The international airport is just 32 km away, while Connaught Place is 45 km. It takes about an hour and a half to reach Connaught Place. Besides the location, the other attractive feature of Manesar is that it has the best infrastructure and is far ahead of other industrial townships in this respect.

The infrastructure is in place and operational and internationally known companies like Agilent Technologies, Honda, Denso, Norcool, Mitsubishi Electricals, Videocon, Motorola, Samsung, Frigo Glass, Alcatel-Lucent India Ltd, Johnson Matthey (India) Pvt Ltd, Baxter India and the prestigious Automobile Research Association of India are already operational here.[36]

Urbanism

Initially a small farming village located southwest of Delhi, Gurgaon saw a massive increase in its population and economy after the real estate developer, DLF Group, bought farms owned by local people[citation needed] and started developing housing societies. Many residential parts of Gurgaon are located within a numbered DLF "Phase".

In Hindu and Mughal times the city was largely made up of the temples and forts which were used as a barrier to secure Delhi. The present city of Gurgaon can be considered the metropolitan area encompassing every settlement around the original city, and expanding even further with the establishment of new neighbourhoods and districts.

Transportation

The 32-lane toll gate at the Delhi-Gurgaon border is the largest in South Asia and second largest in the Asia.[37]

Road

An eight lane expressway runs between Delhi and Gurgaon and connects to NH8 (Delhi-Jaipur-Mumbai national highway). The expressway connects to Dhaula Kuan in Delhi over a distance of 28 kilometres (17 mi). Buses connect Gurgaon bus station to Delhi and to cities and towns in Haryana and neighboring states.

The expressway is being extended to Jaipur 225.6 kilometres (140.2 mi) and will be completed in June 2011. On an average seven persons lose their lives daily[38] trying to negotiate the high density Delhi Gurgaon Expressway, built as part of the Golden Quadrilateral project to connect the capital to Mumbai.In a shocking revelation made by the first analysis of public-private partnership in the implementation of NHAI’s road projects, the Parliamentary Committee on Public Undertakings has said no road safety audit was ever conducted in respect of the Delhi-Gurgaon project either at the planning or the Detailed Project Report (DPR) stage.[39] The corridor has no provision for road-warning signs where high-tension power lines are crossing the Expressway, removal of rings from drainage covers or training and deployment of marshals at the entry points for restricting two-wheelers from entering the high-traffic danger zone.[39][40][41] Infrastructure major Reliance Infra has taken up a project to widen and upgrade the Gurgaon-Faridabad Road link, which is due to be completed by May 2011 and includes 4-laning of the road which is 2-laned at present. Source [42]

The main bus depot of the city connects to neighboring towns including Delhi, Jaipur, Alwar and Chandigarh. There are also buses to Uttar Pradesh, Jammu, Faridabad, Dharuhera and others. Recently, the Gurgaon administration and Haryana Roadways have bought a number of Ashok Leyland low floor buses and started some new city bus service routes in New Gurgaon that connect MG Road to the many business parks like DLF City and Unitech International Business Park.[43] The Delhi Transport Corporation also runs buses on the Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway.[44] Shared auto-rickshaws are also a very common, cheap and convenient means of transport in Gurgaon.

To improve the public transport system in the Millennium City, the state government has finally decided to start a city bus service in Gurgaon on public-private-partnership (PPP) mode.To facilitate the move, the state transport department has decided to purchase 450 new buses which will hit the streets by August-end in 2010. There will be an inter as well as intra-city service. Buses will ply from Gurgaon to Faridabad and Delhi.[45]

Metro

The Gurgaon-Qutub minar section of Delhi Metro opened to public on 21 June 2010. The line has been extended up to Central Secretariat on 3 September 2010 and is ultimately merged with the existing Yellow line between Jahangirpuri and Central Secretariat.[46] The travel time for the 30 km between Qutub minar and HUDA city center on the currently open section is around 14 minutes.[47]

Haryana will set up its own Metro Corporation to extend the metro-rail facility to areas in the national capital region (NCR) falling in Haryana, also plans to extend the Metro-rail up to Manesar town.[48][49]

Also, a privately owned and operated Gurgaon Metro Rail Link is planned to connect the Delhi Metro's Sikanderpur Station to NH-8, with six stations on a 6 km elevated link. It will be financed by DLF. This rail link will complete in 2013.[50][51]

Train

The Gurgaon railway station located at western end of the original city and connects to Rewari towards the south and Delhi Cantt. towards north.

Radio taxi

Indira Gandhi International Airport

Indira Gandhi International Airport is just 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city center,which is only 15 minutes car drive and the city is well connected to the airport by the Delhi-Gurgaon expressway 8.

Life in Gurgaon

Education

Further information: List of schools in Gurgaon

Gurgaon is home to one of India's top business schools, Management Development Institute or MDI. Other educational institutions are ITM, Institute Of Business Management & Research, Gurgaon Institute of Technology and Management, Institute of Law & Management Studies (ILMS), IILM Institute for Higher Education, Ansal Institute of Technology, Dronacharya College of Engineering,Gurgaon Institute of Technology and JK Business School.

National defence university

An apartment complex in Gurgaon

A national defence university is to be built in Gurgaon. The university will be built on 200 acres of land at Binola in Gurgaon district at a cost of ₹395 crore (US$47 million).

Indo-Israel training academy

The International College for Security Studies (ICSS) and Israeli College for Security and Investigations (ICSI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding for setting up of a Security Training and Intelligence college. Spread over 150 acres (0.61 km2) of lush green environs with best-in-class facilities, the ICSS academy will provide extensive training methodology and modules in all disciplines of Security Intelligence and management for young graduates, serving security professionals in the Government and Private Sectors, NCC C and NCC B certificate holders and youth at large.[52]

Sports and recreation

As a hub of multinational companies in the country, Gurgaon has a large golfing population. Gurgaon has two 18-hole golf courses, including the 142-acre (0.57 km2) DLF Golf and Country Club, regarded as the best golf course in India as well as the subcontinent.[53] Gurgaon is also home to two sports stadiums - Tau Devi Lal Stadium has facilities for cricket, football, basketball and athletics as well as a sports hostel, while Nehru stadium has facilities for football (soccer) and athletics.Nehru Stadium has Hockey turf for matches. Football is a very popular sport with the youngsters of the city and every "colony" (district) has its own team. The Mir Iqbal Husain u-16 National Football Tournament was held at The Tau Devi Lal stadium. The Indian national football team uses this ground as a training venue.

Lifestyle and Culture

There are leisure parks like Leisure Valley Park and Kingdom of Dreams [54] situated in sec 29.[55][56] Spread over an area of about 25 acres (100,000 m2), Leisure Valley is a popular tourist attraction known for its greenery and musical fountains.

Shopping

Ambience Mall, Gurgaon
See also: List of shopping malls in Gurgaon

The industrial area of Gurgaon is replete with shopping malls. These malls cater to the desires of the growing middle-and-upper-class. There are over 40 malls in Gurgaon city. In March 2008, the state administration mandated that all malls and shopping centers should be closed one day per week in order to conserve electricity and help traffic flow. Consequently, all malls and shopping centers are closed on Tuesday.

Apart from the malls, the residential and semi-urban areas of Gurgaon also have several small market clusters and "subzi mundis" (Vegetable markets). Most items of daily use can be obtained from these markets as well.

Hotels in Gurgaon

See also: Hotels in Gurgaon

The 5-star hotels in Gurgaon are Crowne Plaza Hotel, Trident, Leela Kempinski and Marriott's Courtyard Hotel.[57]

Budget hotels are Ginger Hotel and Red Fox Hotel. Best Western Skycity Hotels

Restaurants and Pubs

With a growing working population and increasing disposable income, Gurgaon has seen rapid growth in the restaurant industry. Fast food joints such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut, as well as premium restaurants such as Haldiram's, Pind Balouchi [3], Coriander Leaf [4], Rodeo [5], Diya [6], China Club [7], Mainland China [8] and Punjabi by Nature [9], have seen great public response. Food Courts with multiple outlets are a common feature of shopping malls in the city. Local dhabas are also popular. [10]

The legal age for alcohol consumption in Gurgaon is 18 years, which has also resulted in the sprouting up of several nightclubs and wine bars in the city.[58] A significant percentage of visitors to these outlets are from Delhi, where state laws enforce a comparatively high legal drinking age of 25 years. Some of the popular pubs & discotheques in Gurgaon are The Deck - Sahara Mall, Last Chance [11], Crave, Hunter's Bar, Mojo [12], Odyssey [13], Fireball, addiction [14], F-bar and lounge, The Bar - Cilantro 443 [15], Club 18, Remixx Lounge & Bar, Peppers and Club Saffire etc. Less expensive local drinking place inlcludes the popular Machan [16] and Zaika [17].

Local Cuisine

Haryana is famous for its cattle wealth. There is no dearth of milk and milk products in the cuisine of Haryana. People prepare ghee and butter at home and you can see a liberal usage of ghee in their regular diet. The Home made butter is called tindi or nooni ghee and in most homes daily they churn fresh ghee. In weddings, it is customary for people to give gifts prepared from ghee to the bride's family. Buttermilk, Lassi and tea are common drinks.

Fresh vegetables and fruits are easily available. The most relished dishes are Raabri and Bajre ki khichri with lassi. Teet ka achar is a pickle made of Kair tree. Some of the popular Haryana cuisines are Singri ki sabzi, Kachri ki Sabzi, Methi Gajar, Mixed Dal, Hara Dhania Cholia, Kadhi Pakora, Tamatar Chutney, Bathua Raita, Khichri, Mithe Chawal, Besan Masala Roti Makhan, Bhura Roti Ghee, Bajra Aloo Roti Makhan, Churma, Kheer and Malpuas.[59] Pethe ki subji is made on special occasions.

See also

EB1911 article name required (help);
select an article title from: Wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

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