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: list sources :<ref name=ipni1/><ref name=ipni2>''J. Wash. Acad. Sci.'' 9: 436. 1919 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=2415-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Achras chicle'' |quote=Distribution: Vega Grande, near Los Amates, Izabal (Guatemala, Central America, Southern America)<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Mopania chicle''<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Manilkara chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref><ref name=ipni3>''Wrightia'' 6: 19. 1978 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=164209-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Mopania chicle'' |quote=nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Achras chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref>
: list sources :<ref name=ipni1/><ref name=ipni2>''J. Wash. Acad. Sci.'' 9: 436. 1919 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=2415-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Achras chicle'' |quote=Distribution: Vega Grande, near Los Amates, Izabal (Guatemala, Central America, Southern America)<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Mopania chicle''<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Manilkara chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref><ref name=ipni3>''Wrightia'' 6: 19. 1978 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=164209-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Mopania chicle'' |quote=nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Achras chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref>
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'''''Manilkara chicle''''' is a tropical [[evergreen]] [[tree]] native to [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. The tree ranges from [[Veracruz]] in [[Mexico]] south to [[Department of Atlántico|Atlántico]] in [[Colombia]].<ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?428790 Manilkara chicle information from NPGS/GRIN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It yields a [[natural gum]] known as '''chicle''' ({{pron-en|ˈtʃɪkəl}}, rhyming with ''tickle'') which was traditionally used in [[chewing gum]].Chicle DOES NOT rhyme with "tickle", tickle ends in the sound "kl" as in "tikl", while chicle ends in the sound "kle" as in "/ˈtʃɪkle/", pronounced as the "kle" in "cleptomania" or "clever" (added by a native spanish speaker) While the [[Wrigley Company]] was a prominent user of this material, today there are only a few companies that still make chewing gum from natural chicle. This is because by the 1960s chicle was replaced by [[butadiene]]-based [[synthetic rubber]] which was cheaper to manufacture.
'''''Manilkara chicle''''' is a tropical [[evergreen]] [[tree]] native to [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. The tree ranges from [[Veracruz]] in [[Mexico]] south to [[Department of Atlántico|Atlántico]] in [[Colombia]].<ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?428790 Manilkara chicle information from NPGS/GRIN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It yields a [[natural gum]] known as '''chicle''' ({{pron-en|ˈtʃɪkəl}}, rhyming with ''tickle'') which was traditionally used in [[chewing gum]]. ATTENTION!!!:Chicle DOES NOT rhyme with "tickle", tickle ends in the sound "kl" as in /'tikl/, while chicle ends in the sound "kle" as in /ˈtʃɪkle/, pronounced as the "kle" in "cleptomania" or "clever" (added by a native spanish speaker, not a guesser). While the [[Wrigley Company]] was a prominent user of this material, today there are only a few companies that still make chewing gum from natural chicle. This is because by the 1960s chicle was replaced by [[butadiene]]-based [[synthetic rubber]] which was cheaper to manufacture.


[[Chiclets]] are named after chicle.
[[Chiclets]] are named after chicle.
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In response to a land reform law passed in Guatemala in 1952 which ended feudal work relations and expropriated unused lands and sold them to the indigenous and peasants, the Wrigley Gum Company refused to continue buying Guatemalan chicle. Since it was the sole buyer of Guatemalan chicle the government was forced to create a massive aid program for growers.<ref name="isbn0-393-30964-9">{{cite book |author=LaFeber, Walter |title=Inevitable revolutions: the United States in Central America |publisher=W.W. Norton |location=New York |year=1993 |pages=119 |isbn=0-393-30964-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>
In response to a land reform law passed in Guatemala in 1952 which ended feudal work relations and expropriated unused lands and sold them to the indigenous and peasants, the Wrigley Gum Company refused to continue buying Guatemalan chicle. Since it was the sole buyer of Guatemalan chicle the government was forced to create a massive aid program for growers.<ref name="isbn0-393-30964-9">{{cite book |author=LaFeber, Walter |title=Inevitable revolutions: the United States in Central America |publisher=W.W. Norton |location=New York |year=1993 |pages=119 |isbn=0-393-30964-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
Chicle DOES NOT rhyme with "tickle", tickle ends in the sound "kl" as in "tikl", while chicle ends in the sound "kle" as in "chikle", pronounced as the "kle" in "cleptomania" or "clever" (added by a native spanish speaker)


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 02:06, 5 January 2011

Manilkara chicle
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Ericales
Family:
Sapotaceae
Genus:
Manilkara
Species:
M. chicle
Binomial name
Manilkara chicle
Synonyms

Achras chicle Pittier
Mopania chicle (Pittier) Lundell

list sources :[1][2][3]

Manilkara chicle is a tropical evergreen tree native to Mexico and Central America. The tree ranges from Veracruz in Mexico south to Atlántico in Colombia.[4] It yields a natural gum known as chicle (Template:Pron-en, rhyming with tickle) which was traditionally used in chewing gum. ATTENTION!!!:Chicle DOES NOT rhyme with "tickle", tickle ends in the sound "kl" as in /'tikl/, while chicle ends in the sound "kle" as in /ˈtʃɪkle/, pronounced as the "kle" in "cleptomania" or "clever" (added by a native spanish speaker, not a guesser). While the Wrigley Company was a prominent user of this material, today there are only a few companies that still make chewing gum from natural chicle. This is because by the 1960s chicle was replaced by butadiene-based synthetic rubber which was cheaper to manufacture.

Chiclets are named after chicle.

The word "chicle" comes from the Nahuatl word for the gum, tziktli [ˈtsiktɬi], which can be translated as "sticky stuff". Alternatively, "chichle" may have come from the Mayan word, "tsicte".[5] Chicle was well known to the Nahuatl-speaking Aztecs and to the Maya (Amerindians), and early European settlers prized it for its subtle flavour and high sugar content. The ancient word is still used in the Americas, "chicle" being a common name for chewing gum in Spanish and "chiclete" being the Brazilian Portuguese name.

Locals who collect chicle are called chicleros.

The tapping of the gum is similar to the tapping of latex from the rubber tree: zig-zag gashes are made in the tree trunk and the dripping gum is collected in small bags. It is then boiled until it reaches the correct thickness. Due to widespread tapping, the Manilkara chicle tree has become scarce and other sources like the related Balatá (M. bidentata) are increasing in use.

In response to a land reform law passed in Guatemala in 1952 which ended feudal work relations and expropriated unused lands and sold them to the indigenous and peasants, the Wrigley Gum Company refused to continue buying Guatemalan chicle. Since it was the sole buyer of Guatemalan chicle the government was forced to create a massive aid program for growers.[6]

Media related to Manilkara chicle at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Manilkara chicle at Wikispecies

  1. ^ a b Trop. Woods no. 73: 14. 1943 "Plant Name Details for Manilkara chicle". IPNI. Retrieved December 25, 2009. nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Achras chicle
  2. ^ J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9: 436. 1919 "Plant Name Details for Achras chicle". IPNI. Retrieved December 25, 2009. Distribution: Vega Grande, near Los Amates, Izabal (Guatemala, Central America, Southern America)
    nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Mopania chicle
    nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Manilkara chicle
  3. ^ Wrightia 6: 19. 1978 "Plant Name Details for Mopania chicle". IPNI. Retrieved December 25, 2009. nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Achras chicle
  4. ^ Manilkara chicle information from NPGS/GRIN
  5. ^ Mexicolore article on chicle
  6. ^ LaFeber, Walter (1993). Inevitable revolutions: the United States in Central America. New York: W.W. Norton. p. 119. ISBN 0-393-30964-9.
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