Nathaniel Macon

Nathaniel Macon
6th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office December 7, 1801 – March 4, 1807
President	Thomas Jefferson
Preceded by	Theodore Sedgwick
Succeeded by	Joseph B. Varnum
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 5th district
In office March 4, 1791 – March 4, 1803
Preceded by	John Sevier
Succeeded by	James Gillespie
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 6th district
In office March 4, 1803 – December 13, 1815
Preceded by	William H. Hill
Succeeded by	Weldon N. Edwards
United States Senator from North Carolina
In office December 5, 1815 – November 14, 1828
Preceded by	Francis Locke
Succeeded by	Montfort Stokes
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
In office May 20, 1826 – December 2, 1827
Preceded by	John Gaillard
Succeeded by	Samuel Smith
Personal details
Born	(1757-12-17)December 17, 1757 Warrenton, North Carolina
Died	June 29, 1837(1837-06-29) (aged 79) Warrenton, North Carolina
Political party	Anti-Administration Democratic-Republican
Alma mater	College of New Jersey

Nathaniel Macon (December 17, 1757– June 29, 1837) was a spokesman for the Old Republican faction of the Democratic-Republican Party that wanted to strictly limit the United States federal government. Macon was born near Warrenton, North Carolina, and attended the College of New Jersey and served briefly in the American Revolutionary War. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1791 to 1815; from 1801 to 1807 he was Speaker of the House. He served in the Senate from December, 1815, until his resignation in 1828. He was president of the North Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1835.

Political life

Macon opposed the Constitution and spent his four decades in Congress making sure the national government would remain weak. He was especially hostile to a navy. Macon detested Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist program. He bitterly opposed the Jay Treaty in 1795, the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, and the movement for war with France in 1798–99. He supported Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana in 1803 and tried to get Jefferson to purchase Florida as well. He strenuously opposed building a navy, fearing the expense would create a financial interest. He supported all of the foreign policies of Jefferson and Madison from 1801 to 1817. During the Jefferson administration, Macon was offered the post of postmaster general at least twice but he decliend. In 1808, Macon was considered a potential candidate for the vice presidency but did not run. In 1809 he chaired the foreign relations committee and reported successively the two bills that bear his name, although he was the author of neither and was definitely opposed to the second.

Macon Bill No. 1 attacked British shipping, but was defeated. In May 1810, Macon's Bill No. 2 was passed, giving the president power to suspend trade with either Great Britain or France if the other should cease to interfere with United States commerce. Macon supported Madison in declaring the War of 1812; he opposed conscription to build the army and opposed higher taxes. He opposed the recharter of the United States Bank in 1811 and in 1816, uniformly voted against any form of protective tariff; he did favor some road construction by the federal government but generally opposed the policy of internal improvements promoted by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. In the Missouri debate of 1820 he voted against the compromise brokered by Clay. He was always an earnest defender of slavery. Macon was also considered a potential candidate for the presidency and also the vice presidency in 1824.

Nathaniel Macon's home, known as "Buck Spring", in Warrenton, North Carolina (built c. 1781). Photogr. by Thomas Waterman, 1940.

Macon was for 37 years the most prominent nay-sayer in Congress—a "negative radical". It was said of him that during the entire term of his service no ten other members cast so many negative votes. "Negation was his ward and arm." He was rural and local-minded, and economy was the passion of his public career. "His economy of the public money was the severest, sharpest, most stringent and constant refusal of almost any grant that could be proposed." With him, "not only was ... parsimony the best subsidy—but ... the only one".

Macon collaborated with John Randolph and John Taylor as part of the Quids or Old Republicans, a faction of the Jeffersonian Republican Party that rejected the Tariff Bill, growth in power of the United States Supreme Court, and other aspects of Neo-Federalism.

Early life

Nathaniel Macon was the son of Maj. Gideon Hunt Macon (1715–1762) and Priscilla Jones (1718 – March 1802). Gideon Hunt Macon was born in Virginia, but moved to North Carolina in the early 1740s. He and Priscilla were married in North Carolina in 1744.

Gideon Hunt Macon built "Macon Manor" and became a prosperous tobacco planter. Nathaniel, born at Macon Manor, was the sixth child of Gideon and Priscilla, and he was only five when his father died in 1764. Upon his death, Gideon possessed 3,000 acres (12 km²) of land and 25–30 slaves. Nathaniel was bequeathed two parcels of land and all of his father’s blacksmithing tools. Gideon also left his son three slaves: George, Robb, and Lucy.

In 1766, Priscilla Macon arranged for the education of two of her sons, Nathaniel and John, along with the two sons of her neighbor Philemon Hawkins. For this purpose, they engaged Mr. Charles Pettigrew who later became the Principal of the Academy of Edenton in 1733. The two brothers and their neighbors, Joseph and Benjamin Hawkins, were instructed by him from 1766–1773. Three of the four boys (Nathaniel counted among them) continued on to further their education at the "College of New Jersey" at Princeton.

Marriage and family

Nathaniel met Hannah Plummer in 1782 in Warrenton, North Carolina. Her parents were Virginians, as were Nathaniel's, and they were "well connected". Nathaniel was a tall man, over 6 feet (1.8 m), and considered attractive, but he was not the only man who was pursuing Miss Plummer. However, after a number of months of courtship, Hannah and Nathaniel decided to marry.

Their wedding took place on October 9, 1783, and their marriage was an affectionate one. They made their home on Hubquarter Creek on their plantation known as "Buck Spring". It was about 12 miles (19 km) north of Warrenton, near Roanoke, on land which Nathaniel had inherited from his father.

According to Bible records, the Macons had three children:

• Betsy Kemp Macon (September 12, 1784 – November 10, 1829) married William John Martin (March 6, 1781 – December 11, 1828)
• Plummer Macon (April 14, 1786 – July 26, 1792)
• Seignora Macon (November 15, 1787 – ?)

Nathaniel's wife, Hannah, died on July 11, 1790 when she was just 29 years old. Although Nathaniel was only 32 at the time of her death, he never remarried. It is said that he was devoted to his wife, and his long unmarried life following her early death would suggest that he was faithful to her memory. Her remains were buried not far from their home on the borders of their yard. Their only son died just over a year after Hannah and was buried beside her. When Nathaniel died July 29, 1837 at age 78, he was laid to rest next to his wife and son. As he requested, the site of their graves was covered with a great heap of flint stones so that the land would be left uncultivated because Nathaniel believed that no one would want to go to the trouble of removing all of the flint in order to use the land, thereby preserving the burial site.

Nathaniel Macon is the great-grandfather of Congressman Charles Martin, the uncle of Willis Alston and Micajah Thomas Hawkins, great-uncle of Matt Whitaker Ransom, Robert Ransom and Thomas Jefferson Green, great-great-uncle of Wharton Jackson Green, John Pegram, William Ransom Johnson Pegram, and David Harrison Macon, great-great-great-great-uncle of Claude Kitchin and William Walton Kitchin, and the great-great-great-great-great-uncle of Alvin Paul Kitchin.

Ancestors

Nathaniel’s father’s parents were John Macon (December 17, 1695 – March 31, 1752) and Ann Hunt (1697 – February 15, 1725), both of Virginia. Nathaniel’s paternal great-grandparents were Gideon Macon (c. 1648 – February 1701 or 1702) and Martha Woodward (1665–1723). Gideon and Martha Woodward Macon were also the great-grandparents of Martha Dandridge who married George Washington and became First Lady of the United States of America. Therefore, Nathaniel Macon was the second cousin of Martha Dandridge Washington.

Nathaniel's ancestors in three generations

Nathaniel Macon	Father: Maj. Gideon Hunt Macon	Paternal Grandfather: John Macon	Paternal Great-grandfather: Col. Gideon Macon
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Martha Woodward
		Paternal Grandmother: Ann Hunt	Paternal Great-grandfather: Capt. William Hunt
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Tabitha Edloe
	Mother: Priscilla Jones	Maternal Grandfather: Col. Edward Jones	Maternal Great-grandfather:
			Maternal Great-grandmother:
		Maternal Grandmother: Abigail Shugan	Maternal Great-grandfather:
			Maternal Great-grandmother:

Places named for Nathaniel Macon

• Macon County, Alabama
• Macon County, Illinois
• Macon County, Missouri
• Macon, Missouri
• Macon County, North Carolina
• Macon, Georgia
• Macon County, Georgia
• Macon, North Carolina
• Macon County, Tennessee
• Randolph-Macon College

References

• Dodd, William Edward (1903). The Life of Nathaniel Macon. Edwards & Broughton. OCLC 10971454., pp. 1–4; 41-44.
• William E. Dodd, "The Place of Nathaniel Macon in Southern History," American Historical Review, Vol. 7, No. 4 (July, 1902), pp. 663-675 online at JSTOR
• Hamilton, J. G. de Roulhac. "Macon, Nathaniel" in Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 6 (1933)
• Wellman, Manly Wade (2002). The County of Warren, North Carolina, 1586-1917. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807854723.

External links

• United States Congress. "Nathaniel Macon (id: M000034)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Buck Spring info
• Warren Record: Noted historians, author help celebrate Macon's 250th birthday (2008)