Henry Eyring (chemist)

For other people named Henry Eyring (chemist), see Henry Eyring (chemist) (disambiguation).

Henry Eyring
Born	February 20, 1901 (1901-02-20) Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
Died	December 26, 1981 (1981-12-27) Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Nationality	American
Alma mater	University of Arizona University of California, Berkeley
Known for	Transition state theory
Awards	Wolf Prize in Chemistry (1980) National Medal of Science (1966)
Scientific career
Fields	Chemist
Institutions	Princeton University University of Utah
Doctoral students	Keith J. Laidler
Notes
He is the father of Henry B. Eyring.

Henry Eyring (born February 20, 1901 in Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua – December 26, 1981 in Salt Lake City, Utah) was a Mexican-born American theoretical chemist whose primary contribution was in the study of chemical reaction rates and intermediates.

A prolific writer, he authored more than 600 scientific articles, ten scientific books, and a few books on the subject of science and religion. He received the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 1980 and the National Medal of Science in 1966 for developing the Absolute Rate Theory or Transition state theory of chemical reactions, one of the most important developments of 20th-century chemistry. Several other chemists later received the Nobel prize for work based on it, and his failure to receive the Nobel prize was a matter of surprise to many. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences apparently did not understand Eyring's theory until it was too late to award him the Nobel; the academy awarded him the Berzelius Medal in 1977 as partial compensation. Sterling McMurrin believed he should have received the Nobel Prize but was not awarded it because of his religion. Often the Swedish Academy is accused of denying individuals worthy of Prizes because of religious bias. It has been speculated that Albert Einstein was not awarded a second prize for Special and General Relativity, as well as George E. Uhlenbeck and Samuel A. Goudsmit for the discovery of electron spin because Einstein and Goudsmit were Jewish.

He was also elected president of the American Chemical Society in 1963 and the Association for the Advancement of Science in 1965.

History

Eyring, a third generation Mormon, was reared on a cattle ranch in Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, a Mormon colony, for the first 11 years of his life. In July 1912, the Eyrings and about 4,200 other immigrants were driven out of Mexico by violent insurgents during the Mexican Revolution and moved to El Paso, Texas. After living in El Paso for approximately one year, the Eyrings relocated to Pima, Arizona, where Henry completed high school and showed a special aptitude for mathematics and science. He also studied at Gila Academy in Thatcher, Arizona, now Eastern Arizona College, where one of the pillars at the front of the main building still bears his name, along with that of his brother-in-law, Spencer W. Kimball, later president and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. His father was the last mainstream LDS to practice polygamy, which he did until 1954 when one of his two wives died.

By 1919, Eyring had received a state fellowship to the University of Arizona, where he received degrees in mining engineering, metallurgy, and chemistry. He subsequently pursued and received his doctoral degree in Chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1927 for a thesis entitled: A Comparison of the Ionization by, and Stopping Power for, Alpha Particles of Elements and Compounds.

After a review of his dissertation, Princeton University recruited Eyring as an instructor in 1931. He would continue his work at Princeton until 1946 when he was offered a position as dean of the graduate school at the University of Utah. The chemistry building on the University of Utah campus is now named in his honor.

He had three sons with his wife, Mildred Bennion. The oldest, Edward M. "Ted" Eyring is a chemistry professor at the University of Utah. Henry B. Eyring is the First Counselor in the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Harden B. Eyring, is a higher education administrator for the State of Utah.

Religious beliefs

Eyring was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints throughout his life. His views of science and religion were captured in this quote: "Is there any conflict between science and religion? There is no conflict in the mind of God, but often there is conflict in the minds of men."

As a member of the LDS Church, he served as a branch president, district president, and, for over twenty years, a member of the general board of the Deseret Sunday School Union.

Awards

• AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize (1932)
• Bingham Medal (1949) of the Society of Rheology
• Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry (1964)
• National Medal of Science (1966)
• Irving Langmuir Award (1967)
• Linus Pauling Award (1969)
• Elliott Cresson Medal (1969) from the Franklin Institute
• T. W. Richards Medal (1975)
• Priestley Medal (1975)
• Berzelius Medal (1979)
• Wolf Prize (1980)
• Member of International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science

Scientific publications: books

Henry Eyring authored, co-authored, or edited the following books or journals:

• A generalized theory of plasticity involving the virial theorem
• The activated complex in chemisorption and catalysis
• An examination into the origin, possible synthesis, and physical properties of diamonds
• Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
• Basic chemical kinetics
• Deformation Kinetics with Alexander Stephen Krausz
• Electrochemistry
• Kinetic evidence of phase structure
• Modern Chemical Kinetics
• Non-classical reaction kinetics
• Physical Chemistry, an Advanced Treatise (1970)
• Quantum Chemistry
• Reactions in condensed phases
• The significance of isotopic reactions in rate theory
• Significant Liquid Structures
• Some aspects of catalytic hydrogenation
• Statistical Mechanics
• Statistical Mechanics and Dynamics
• Theoretical Chemistry: Advances and Perspectives. Volume 2
• The Theory of Rate Processes in Biology and Medicine with Frank H. Johnson and Betsy Jones Stover
• Theory of Optical Activity (Monographs on Chemistry series) with D.J. Caldwell
• Time and Change
• Valency

Religious publications: books

• Reflections of a Scientist (1983)
• The Faith of a Scientist. Bookcraft, Inc. (1967)
• Science and your Faith in God. Bookcraft, Inc. (1958)

See also

• Eyring equation
• Mormon Scientist: The Life and Faith of Henry Eyring - book about Henry Eyring.

External links

• The Chemistry Department:1946-2000 by Edward M. Eyring, April K. Heiselt, & Kelly Erickson (University of Utah)
• Biography from the National Academy of Sciences
• Mini-Biography of Henry Eyring
• Biography at the AAAS
• The Eyring papers
• "The Reconciliation of Faith and Science: Henry Eyring's Achievement" - 1982 article on Eyring as an LDS scientist from Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought