Ohrid trout: Difference between revisions
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==Vlasina Lake== |
==Vlasina Lake== |
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The Ohrid trout was successfully breaded in [[Vlasina Lake]] in Serbia, during 50ties and 60ties, current quantities are unknown.<ref>[http://www.loviribolov.org/tereni-za-pecanje/vlasinsko-jezero.html]</ref> |
The Ohrid trout was successfully breaded in [[Vlasina Lake]] in Serbia, during 50ties and 60ties, current quantities are unknown.<ref>[http://www.loviribolov.org/tereni-za-pecanje/vlasinsko-jezero.html] Vlasina lov i ribolov</ref> |
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First quantities of Ohrid trout were introduced in newly formed artificial lake in 1953. Around 500 000 trouts (Salmo trutta (m) lacustris L) were transferred into lake waters. They were dominant specie in the lake at the time, but they lost its position because breading process stopped during the 80ties, and because of inability for natural spawn process to occur, because of varying water levels in the lake and working schedules of the hydroelectric plant Vrla. Some quantities spawn successfully in the flooded tributaries of Vlasina lake. |
First quantities of Ohrid trout were introduced in newly formed artificial lake in 1953. Around 500 000 trouts (Salmo trutta (m) lacustris L) were transferred into lake waters. They were dominant specie in the lake at the time, but they lost its position because breading process stopped during the 80ties, and because of inability for natural spawn process to occur, because of varying water levels in the lake and working schedules of the hydroelectric plant Vrla. Some quantities spawn successfully in the flooded tributaries of Vlasina lake. |
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During 90ties Bleak fish from Ohrid Lake (Alburnus alburnus - Plašica) and Greek Roach (Rutilus rutilus - Grcka Bodorka) were introduced into the lake as food for Ohrid trout, also yearly process of artificial spawning and conservation started.<ref>[http://solair.eunet.rs/~vlaxym/Vlasinsko%20jezero.htm] Vlasinsko Jezero</ref> |
During 90ties Bleak fish from Ohrid Lake (Alburnus alburnus - Plašica) and Greek Roach (Rutilus rutilus - Grcka Bodorka) were introduced into the lake as food for Ohrid trout, also yearly process of artificial spawning and conservation started.<ref>[http://solair.eunet.rs/~vlaxym/Vlasinsko%20jezero.htm] Vlasinsko Jezero</ref> |
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Revision as of 10:45, 12 March 2011
| Ohrid trout | |
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| File:Salmo letnica.jpg | |
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| Species: | S. letnica
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| Binomial name | |
| Salmo letnica
(Karaman, 1924) | |
Ohrid trout[1][2] or the Lake Ohrid brown trout[3] (Salmo letnica) is an endemic species of trout in Lake Ohrid and in its tributaries and outlet, the Black Drin river, in the Republic of Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans. Locally the fish is known as Ohridska pastrmka in Macedonian and koran/korani in Albanian language.
Taxonomy
Ohrid trout is part of the brown trout complex, and therefore its taxonomic status is controversial.[3] It has however been deemed to be genetically sufficiently distinct to be regarded as a distinct species for conservation arguments.[4]
Subdivision of the Ohrid trout
Within the Ohrid trout itself, up to four intralacustrine forms have been separated, which are treated as distinct species in the FishBase and by the IUCN. Morphological or molecular data so far do not support this division however.[2][3][4] These forms are characterized by different breeding areas and different breeding times, by which they are thought to be reproductively isolated from each other. The four forms or species include.
- Salmo balcanicus, breeds in the outlet of the lake in its NW end, in October–January; possibly extinct.
- Salmo lumi, breeds in January–February in the tributaries of the lake.
- Salmo aphelios, breeds in May–July near springs of the eastern shore of the lake.
- Salmo letnica, breeds in January–February.[1]
In addition to the Ohrid trout, Lake Ohrid has another endemic and truly distinct salmonid, Salmo ohridanus.[3]
Fisheries and gastronomy
The Ohrid trout is a specialty in Macedonian and Albanian gastronomy; it is used for soups and other dishes. It tastes like a brown trout crossed with an atlantic salmon.
In recent years extensive fishing has driven the Ohrid trout to the verge of extinction[5], though there are several conservation activities. A fishing ban has been imposed by the Government of Macedonia, since 2004 and until 2014, whereas since 2003, the state law on fisheries in Albania prohibit fishing during the spawning period only[6][7], nevertheless no restrictions exist for the rest of the year on the Albanian side of Lake Ohrid and the number of fish is still dwindling due to illegal fishing and overfishing[8].
The Ohrid trout is depicted on the reverse of the Macedonian 2 denars coin, issued in 1993.[9]
Vlasina Lake
The Ohrid trout was successfully breaded in Vlasina Lake in Serbia, during 50ties and 60ties, current quantities are unknown.[10] First quantities of Ohrid trout were introduced in newly formed artificial lake in 1953. Around 500 000 trouts (Salmo trutta (m) lacustris L) were transferred into lake waters. They were dominant specie in the lake at the time, but they lost its position because breading process stopped during the 80ties, and because of inability for natural spawn process to occur, because of varying water levels in the lake and working schedules of the hydroelectric plant Vrla. Some quantities spawn successfully in the flooded tributaries of Vlasina lake. During 90ties Bleak fish from Ohrid Lake (Alburnus alburnus - Plašica) and Greek Roach (Rutilus rutilus - Grcka Bodorka) were introduced into the lake as food for Ohrid trout, also yearly process of artificial spawning and conservation started.[11]
References
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Salmo letnica". FishBase. February 2010 version.
- ^ a b Crivelli, A.J. 2006. Salmo letnica. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1 Downloaded on 20 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d Lake Ohrid trouts Balkan trout restoration group. Downloaded on 20 May 2010.
- ^ a b Suśnik S, Snoj A, Wilson I, Mrdak D, Weiss S (2007) Historical demography of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Adriatic drainage including the putative S. letnica endemic to Lake Ohrid. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44(1), 63-76. (abstract)
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.monstersandcritics.com/science/features/article_1412208.php/Fishing_ban_finally_gives_Ohrid_trout_a_lease_on_life
- ^ http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/7/5347/2010/bgd-7-5347-2010.pdf [page 19 of 36 (type 5365)]
- ^ ALBANIA PILOT FISHERY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, page 2
- ^ National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian currency: Coins in circulation. – Retrieved on 30 March 2009.
- ^ [2] Vlasina lov i ribolov
- ^ [3] Vlasinsko Jezero
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