Zongzi

Zongzi
Elongated "Northern-style" zongzi with red bean filling
Chinese	粽子 or 糉
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin zòng zi Wade–Giles tsung-tzu Wu Romanization tsoŋ tsX Hakka Romanization zung ne Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization júngjí Jyutping zung2 zi2
Alternative Chinese name
Chinese	肉粽
Transcriptions Southern Min Hokkien POJ bah-chàng

Zongzi (or zong) (Chinese: 粽子) is a traditional Chinese food, made of aaaglutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. They are cooked by steaming or boiling. They are known in Japanese as chimaki. Laotians, Thais, and Cambodians (known as Nom Asom) also have similar traditional dishes. In the Western world, they are also known as rice dumplings or Chinese tamales . In Indonesia, they are known as bakcang or bacang (Chinese: 肉粽; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bah-chàng), a loanword from Hokkien, a Chinese dialect that is commonly used among Indonesian-Chinese besides Mandarin. Along the same lines, zongzi are more popularly known as machang in the among the Chinese Filipinos.

Origins

Making (and eating) zongzi

Zongzi is traditionally eaten during the Dragon Boat Festival (Mandarin: Duanwu; Cantonese: Tuen Ng) which falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar (approximately late May to mid-June), commemorating the death of Qu Yuan, a famous Chinese poet from the kingdom of Chu who lived during the Warring States period. Known for his patriotism, Qu Yuan tried unsuccessfully to warn his king and countrymen against the expansionism of their Qin neighbors. When the Qin general Bai Qi took Yingdu, the Chu capital, in 278 BC, Qu Yuan's grief was so intense that he drowned himself in the Miluo river after penning the Lament for Ying. According to legend, packets of rice were thrown into the river to prevent fish from eating the poet's body. Another version states that zongzi were given to placate a dragon that lived in the river.

Description

The shape of zongzi ranges from being relatively tetrahedral in southern China to cylindrical in northern China. Wrapping a zongzi neatly is a skill which is passed down through families, as are the recipes. Like tamale-making in Mexico and Pamonha-making in Brazil, making zongzi was a family event with everyone helping out.

While traditional Chinese zongzi are wrapped in bamboo leaves, the leaves of lotus, maize, banana, canna, shell ginger or pandan leaves are sometimes used as substitutes in other countries. Each kind of leaf imparts its own unique smell and flavor to the rice.

The fillings used for zongzi vary from region to region, but the rice used is always glutinous rice (also called sticky or sweet rice). Depending on the region, the rice may be lightly precooked by stir-frying or soaked in water before using.

Fillings

Southern (left) and Northern (right) style Chinese zongzi

• Mung beans, split and dehulled
• Red bean paste
• Jujubes
• Char siu (Chinese barbecue pork)
• Chinese sausage
• Salted pork fat
• Chinese black mushrooms
• Salted duck eggs
• Chestnuts
• Cooked peanuts
• Green beans
• Dried shrimp
• Dried Scallops
• Red-cooked pork
• Chicken
• Taro

Zongzi need to be steamed or boiled for several hours depending on how the rice is made prior to adding the fillings. Once cooked, the zongzi can easily be frozen for later consumption. Frozen zongzi are available for sale in many Chinese markets.

Jianshui zong without filling

Variations

• Jia zong (假粽): Instead of glutinous rice, mochi-like balls of glutinous rice flour (so no individual grains of rice are discernible) are used to "contain" the filling of the zong. These zong are typically smaller than most zongzi and much stickier.
• Jianshui zong (碱水粽): Meaning "alkaline water zong", these are typically eaten as a dessert rather than as a main meal. The glutinous rice is treated with lye water (aqueous sodium carbonate), or potassium carbonate giving them their distinctive yellow color. Jianshui zong typically contain either no filling or are filled with a sweet mixture (e.g. sweet bean paste). Sometimes, a certain red color wood sliver (shu mok) is inserted for color and flavor. They are often eaten with sugar or light syrup.
• Nyonya zong (娘惹粽): A specialty of Peranakan cuisine. These zong are made in similar style with similar fillings as Southern zong. However the wrapping used is pandan leaves.
• Taiwan zong (臺灣粽): The northern Taiwanese zong (北部粽) wrapped with husks of "Phyllostachys makinoi" bamboo (桂竹籜) then cooked by steaming; the southern Taiwanese zong (南部粽) wrapped with leaves of "Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro" bamboo aka Bambusa oldhamii (麻竹葉) then cooked by boiling.

See also

• Lotus leaf wrap
• Lo mai gai
• Bánh chưng
• Bánh tẻ
• Bánh tét
• Tamale
• Pamonha
• Pasteles
• Hallaca
• Corunda
• Bacang

External links

• Authentic Zongzi Recipe