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|related= [[Galician people|Galicians]], [[Asturian people|Asturians]], [[Castilian people|Castilians]] and others [[Spanish peoples]].}}
|related= [[Galician people|Galicians]], [[Asturian people|Asturians]], [[Castilian people|Castilians]] and others [[Spanish peoples]].}}


The '''Leoneses''' ([[Leonese Language|Leonese]]: ''Llïoneses'') are an [[ethnic group]] whose homeland is the former [[Kingdom of León]], which was a country in Southwestern [[Europe]], embracing a territory situated in the north-west of [[Spain]] and northeast of [[Portugal]]. The languages of León are the [[Leonese language]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] in Spain and [[Leonese language]] and Portuguese in [[Portugal]]. A variety of Leonese language, called Mirandese is spoken in Mirando de l Douro Region of Portugal.
The '''Leoneses''' ([[Leonese Language|Leonese]]: ''Llïoneses'') are an [[ethnic group]] whose homeland is the former [[Kingdom of León]], now [[Leon (historical region)|region of Leon]] which was a country in Southwestern [[Europe]], embracing a territory situated in the north-west of [[Spain]] and northeast of [[Portugal]]. The languages of León are the [[Leonese language]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] in Spain and [[Leonese language]] and Portuguese in [[Portugal]]. A variety of Leonese language, called Mirandese is spoken in Mirando de l Douro Region of Portugal.
<br />[[Kingdom of León|Leonese Kingdom]] was an independent country in the Middle Ages, keeping its status as a kingdom under the Spanish rule until the [[1833 territorial division of Spain]].
<br />[[Kingdom of León|Leonese Kingdom]] was an independent country in the Middle Ages, keeping its status as a kingdom under the Spanish rule until the [[1833 territorial division of Spain]].


Revision as of 06:57, 23 April 2011

Leonese People
Notable Leonese people:
'Ramiro II of León'
'Diego de Losada'
'Buenaventura Durruti'
'Imanol Arias'
'José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero'
Total population
approx. more than 1 million people worldwide[1]
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Leonese language, Spanish, Mirandese
Religion
Roman Catholicism, Atheism, Agnosticism
Related ethnic groups
Galicians, Asturians, Castilians and others Spanish peoples.

The Leoneses (Leonese: Llïoneses) are an ethnic group whose homeland is the former Kingdom of León, now region of Leon which was a country in Southwestern Europe, embracing a territory situated in the north-west of Spain and northeast of Portugal. The languages of León are the Leonese language and Spanish in Spain and Leonese language and Portuguese in Portugal. A variety of Leonese language, called Mirandese is spoken in Mirando de l Douro Region of Portugal.
Leonese Kingdom was an independent country in the Middle Ages, keeping its status as a kingdom under the Spanish rule until the 1833 territorial division of Spain.

Geography and Demographics

Political and administrative divisions

  • Spain

The former Kingdom of León was maily divided in three historical regions: Asturias, León and Extremadura, being the southern territories integrated into Andalucía, and some of the Easter into Castile. Spanish division of 1833[2] recognised as leonese provinces of León, Salamanca and Zamora.

  • Portugal

There are Leonese minorities in the District of Bragança (Portugal) that keep Leonese culture and Leonese language, mainly in the northwest (Riodonor, Guadramil) and in the Land of Miranda, where a Leonese dialect known as Mirandese[3] was officially recognised by the Parliament of Portugal.

Leonese language

Main article: Leonese language

The Leonese language (Llingua Llïonesa in Leonese) was developed from Vulgar Latin with contributions from the pre-Roman languages which were spoken in the territory of the Spanish provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca and in some villages in the District of Bragança, Portugal. Close to Mirandese and Asturian or Bable, it belongs to Leonese or Astur-Leonese subgroup of Iberian languages.

Leonese was the official language of the Leonese Kingdom in the Middle Ages, and achieved a high codification grade.
First written text in Leonese is Nodicia de Kesos (959 or 974), and so others like Fueru de Llión, Fueru de Salamanca, Fueru Xulgu, Códice d'Alfonsu XI, ou Disputa d'Elena y María or Llibru d'Alixandre were written in Leonese[4]

The situation of Leonese as minorized language has driven Leonese to near extinction and is considered a seriously endangered language by the UNESCO [5]. There are some efforts to gain acceptance among the urban population (the Leonese Council and other municipalities such as Zamora, Coyanza, Mansilla de las Mulas or La Bañeza made campaigns in and for teaching Leonese).

Leonese cuisine

Embutidos

  • Cecina from León: from beef. In Leonese, cecina means "meat that has been salted and dried by means of air, sun or smoke". Cecina de León is made of the hind legs of beef, salted, smoked and air-dried in the province of León in Northwestern Spain, and has PGI status.
  • Botillo: from pig. Traditionally made in the western leonese regions. Botiellu, in Leonese language, is a dish of meat-stuffed pork intestine. It is a culinary specialty of El Bierzo, a county in the Spanish province of León and also of the region of Trás-os-Montes, in Portugal. This type of Embutido is a meat product made from different pieces left over from the butchering of a pig, including the ribs, tail, and bones with a little meat left on them. These are chopped; seasoned with salt, pepper, garlic, and other spices; stuffed in the cecum of the pig; and partly cured via smoking. It can also include the pig's tongue, shoulder blade, jaw, and backbone, but never exceeding 20% of the total volume. It is normally consumed cooked, covered with a sheet. Also has a PGI status.
  • Farinato

Wines

  • Bierzo: in the west of the Province of León and covers about 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi). The area consists of numerous small valleys in the mountainous part (Alto Bierzo) and of a wide, flat plain (Bajo Bierzo). The DO covers 23 municipalities.
  • Arribes: in the southeast of the in the southeast of the Province of Zamora and the northwest of the Province of Salamanca. There are 750 ha of vineyards registered with the Consejo Regulador (Governing Body)

Sweets

  • Mantecadas de Astorga.
  • Hojaldres de Astorga.
  • Lazos de San Guillermo.
  • Nicanores de Boñar.

Religion

The majority of Leoneses are Roman Catholics with a non-religious minority.

Nationalism and history

There are Leoneses political parties who claim for an independent autonomous community for the Leonese provincies.

TLD Campaign

PuntuLLI Association [6] fights for a Top Level Domain for the Leonese language and culture. There are more than 700 signers and 44 organisations added.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833
  3. ^ [2]
  4. ^ Menéndez Pidal, R. "El Dialecto Leonés". Madrid. 1906
  5. ^ UNESCO Red Book on Endangered Languages: Europe
  6. ^ listed by cityTLD as a Top Level Domain initiative
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