Killing of Osama bin Laden: Difference between revisions
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i HATE BIN LADEN THE F**KING B*****D. GO ROT AND AND REINCARNATE INTO A ANT AND GET SQUASHED! |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}} |
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... |
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{{pp-semi|small=yes}}{{pp-move-indef}} |
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Justice is served! |
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{{current|date=May 2011}} |
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Case closed. |
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{{operational plan |
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- |
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| name = Operation Geronimo |
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| partof = the [[War on Terrorism]] |
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| image = {{Location map+|Pakistan|width=250|float=center|border=none|caption=|places= |
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{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat=34.17|long=73.23|label=Abbottābad|position=right|mark=Green pog.svg}} |
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{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat=33.7|long=73.06|label=Islamabad|position=left|mark=Red pog.svg}}}} |
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| caption = Map of Pakistan showing Abbottābad (green), where bin Laden was killed, and the capital, Islamabad (red). Abbottābad is {{convert|32|mi}} north of Islamabad. |
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| scope = Tactical |
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| type = Raid |
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| location = [[Osama bin Laden's hideout compound]], [[Bilal Town]], [[Abbottabad|Abbottābad]], Pakistan |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|34|10|9|N|73|14|33|E|type:landmark_region:PK}} |
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| map_type = |
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| latitude = |
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| longitude = |
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| map_size = |
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| map_caption = |
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| map_label = |
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| planned = |
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| planned_by = {{Unbulleted list|[[Joint Special Operations Command]]|[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}} |
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| objective = Kill Osama bin Laden |
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| target = |
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| date = {{Start date|2011|05|02}} |
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| time = 01:00 |
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| time-begin = |
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| time-end = |
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| timezone = [[UTC+05:00|UTC+5]] |
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| executed_by = [[United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group]] |
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| outcome = Death of Osama bin Laden |
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| casualties = |
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| fatalities = 5 |
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| injuries = 2 |
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}} |
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[[Osama bin Laden]] was killed during '''Operation Geronimo''',<ref name="ref-79"/> a raid by [[United States special operations forces]] operators on [[Osama bin Laden's hideout compound|his safe house]]<ref name="ref-80"/> in [[Bilal Town]], [[Abbottabad|Abbottābad]], [[Pakistan]],<ref name="ref-4"/> on May 2, 2011, around 01:00 [[Pakistan Standard Time]] (May 1, 20:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]). Bin Laden's death resulted from being shot in the head;<ref name="ref-81"/><ref name="guardian_was_found"/> U.S. forces then took his body to [[Afghanistan]] for investigation before burying it at sea.<ref name="TNYT20110501"/><ref name = "ref-5" /><ref name="guardian20110502"/> |
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The operation was carried out by members of the [[United States Navy SEALs]] from the [[United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group|Naval Special Warfare Development Group]] (DEVGRU),<ref name="ref-82"/> colloquially referred to as SEAL Team Six,<ref name="ref-11"/> under the command of the [[Joint Special Operations Command]], in conjunction with U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) operatives. The team was sent across the border of Afghanistan to launch the attack.<ref name="ABCNews"/> |
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The killing of bin Laden received a favorable reaction in the United States and was welcomed by [[Ban Ki-moon]], [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]],<ref name="ref-16" /> [[NATO]], the [[European Union]], and a large number of countries as a positive and significant turning point for global security and the [[War on Terror]]. |
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The Pakistani government was criticized for its failure to apprehend bin Laden who was living in a large and prominent compound in a major Pakistani city close to a military academy and not far from the capital, [[Islamabad]]. Pakistani officials denied knowingly harboring bin Laden saying that it had no prior knowledge bin Laden was there and strongly denied allegations of official support to bin Laden. |
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==Locating Osama bin Laden== |
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{{See also|Osama bin Laden's hideout compound|Location of Osama bin Laden}} |
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[[File:CIA aerial view Osama bin Laden compound Abbottabad.jpg|thumb|CIA aerial photo of the compound]] |
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American intelligence officials discovered the whereabouts of Osama bin Laden by tracking one of his couriers, as bin Laden was believed not to have let any al-Qaeda foot soldiers or top commanders know his whereabouts. |
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===Identity of the courier=== |
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Information regarding the identity of the bin Laden courier who led to the discovery of the Abbottābad compound, Maulawi Abd al-Khaliq Jan, came from intelligence gathered at CIA [[black sites]], Pakistani prisons, [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]] and CIA operations on the ground in Pakistan.<ref name ="skull" /><ref name="phonecall" /> Initially, the [[nom de guerre]] Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti was learned from interrogations of unknown detainees at CIA secret prisons. CIA interrogations of al-Qaeda leader [[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]] confirmed an acquaintance with Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, but he denied Abu Ahmed had anything to do with al-Qaeda. CIA interrogation of al-Qaeda operative [[Hassan Ghul]] again led to the name Abu Ahmed, and provided a connection to al-Qaeda planner [[Abu Faraj al-Libi]]. Abu Faraj al-Libi, however, denied knowing Abu Ahmed when interrogated by the CIA.<ref name="phonecall" /> |
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Abu Faraj al-Libi and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed were later transferred to Guanatamo Bay detention camp, where they provided further information on Abu Ahmed under standard interrogation.<ref name ="phonecall" /><ref name="rumsfeldnewsmax" /> Hassan Ghul was transferred to a Pakistani prison and no reliable information has been available on his whereabouts for several years.<ref name="hassanghul" /> Reports indicate that the real name of the courier, Maulawi Abd al-Khaliq Jan, came from Abu Faraj al-Libi during his time at Guantanamo Bay detention camp.<ref name="miamifaraj" /> The name appears in the JTF-GTMO detainee assessment for Abu Faraj released by [[WikiLeaks]].<ref name="wikileaksfaraj" /> There has been speculation that the release of the courier's name by WikiLeaks forced the United States to act quickly in assaulting the Abbottābad compound.<ref name="dailymailwikileaks" /> |
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Some sources have cited the real name of Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed, from Kuwait.<ref name="phonecall" /> However, since [[Sheikh]] is an honorific and [[al-]] means "the", the two names are effectively identical. |
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===Location of the compound=== |
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{{main|Osama bin Laden's hideout compound}} |
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A telephone conversation between Ahmed and another operative monitored by the CIA led the CIA in August 2010 to track Ahmed to the compound in Abbottābad.<ref name="phonecall" /> |
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Using satellite photos and intelligence reports, the CIA determined the identities of the inhabitants of the mansion to which the courier was traveling. In September, the [[CIA]] concluded that the compound was "custom-built to hide someone of significance" and that bin Laden's residence there was very likely.<ref name="MazzettiCooper"/><ref name = "Dedman" /> Officials surmised that he was living there with his youngest wife.<ref name="Dedman"/> |
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Built in 2005, [[Osama Bin Laden's Hideout Compound|the million-U.S. dollar three-story]]<ref name="ZengerleBull" /> mansion was located "at the end of a narrow dirt road"<ref name="nytimes1"/> 2.5 miles (4 km) northeast of the city center of Abbottābad.<ref name="MazzettiCooper"/> Abbottābad is about 100 miles from the Afghanistan border on the far eastern side of Pakistan (only about 20 miles from [[India]]). The compound was 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southwest of the [[Pakistan Military Academy]] (PMA).<ref name="ref-7"/><ref name="ref-8"/><ref name="ref-9"/><ref name="ref-10" /> On a plot of land eight times larger than those of nearby houses, it was surrounded by 12-to-18-foot (3.7–5.5 m)<ref name="Dedman"/> concrete walls topped with [[barbed wire]].<ref name="MazzettiCooper" /> There were two security gates and the third-floor balcony had a seven-foot-high (2.1 m) privacy wall (which could hide the 6'4" bin Laden). |
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There was no Internet or telephone service connected to the compound. Its residents burned their trash, unlike their neighbors, who simply set it out for collection.<ref name="ZengerleBull" /> The mansion was known as Waziristan [[Haveli]] by the local residents, and owned by a transporter from Waziristan; bin Laden previously spent time in the Waziristan area of Afghanistan.<ref name="ref-83"/>. [[Google Earth]] maps show that the compound was not present in 2001, but was present on images taken in 2005.<ref name="ref-84"/> |
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The U.S. [[National Counterterrorism Center]], using drone-derived intelligence, developed "what amounted to a detailed four-dimensional 'map' of the bin Laden compound and its occupants and their patterns of living and working." This map was used to create a model of the compound for practice runs.{{clarify}}<ref name="ref-85"/> |
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CIA director [[Leon Panetta]] issued a memo that also credited the [[National Security Agency]] and [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] for contributing to the intelligence-gathering that made the raid possible. The ''National Journal'' reported that "NSA figured out, somehow, that there was no telephone or Internet service in the compound."<ref name = "nationaljournal.com"/> |
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==Role of Pakistan== |
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[[File:Abbottabad View.JPG|thumb|View of Abbottābad, Pakistan]] |
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{{See also|Allegations of support system in Pakistan for Osama bin Laden|Pakistan and state terrorism}} |
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Pakistan's role in the operation was criticized by many people around the world. Pakistan defended its role and stated that it had no prior information that bin Laden was in Abbottabad. |
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===Allegations against Pakistan=== |
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Numerous allegations were made that the government of Pakistan was involved in shielding bin Laden.<ref name="LAT20110502"/><ref name="wsj20110503"/><ref name="indianexpress1"/> Aspects of the incident that have fueled the allegations include the proximity of bin Laden's heavily fortified compound to the [[Pakistan Military Academy]], that the United States did not notify the Pakistani authorities before the operation, and the alleged double standards of Pakistan regarding the perpetrators of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref name="indianexpress1"/><ref name="ref-61"/><ref name="ref-62"/><ref name="ref-63"/> |
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Pakistani-born British [[Member of Parliament|MP]] [[Khalid Mahmood]] stated that he was "flabbergasted and shocked" after he learned that bin Laden was living in a city with thousands of Pakistani troops, reviving questions about alleged links between al-Qaeda and elements in Pakistan's security forces.<ref name="ind20110502"/> U.S. Senator [[Lindsey Graham]] questioned, "How could [bin Laden] be in such a compound without being noticed?", raising suspicions that Pakistan was either uncommitted in the fight against Islamist militants or was actively sheltering them while pledging to fight them.<ref name="wp20110502"/> A Pakistani intelligence official said that they had passed on raw phone tap data to U.S. that led to the operation but had failed to analyze this data themselves.<ref name="cnn20110502"/> |
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U.S. government files leaked by [[Wikileaks]] disclosed that American diplomats were told that Pakistani security services were tipping off bin Laden every time U.S. forces approached. Pakistan [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) also helped smuggle al-Qaeda militants into Afghanistan to fight NATO troops. According to the leaked files, in December 2009, the [[government of Tajikistan]] had told U.S. officials that many in Pakistan were aware of bin Laden's whereabouts.<ref name="DT20110502"/> |
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U.S. Senator [[Joe Lieberman]], chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Senate Homeland Security Committee]], said "This is going to be a time of real pressure on Pakistan to basically prove to us that they didn’t know that bin Laden was there".<ref name="dawn20110502y"/> [[John O. Brennan]], the chief counterterrorism advisor to Obama, stated that it was inconceivable that bin Laden did not have support from within Pakistan. He further stated "People have been referring to this as hiding in plain sight. We are looking right how he was able to hide out there for so long."<ref name="Guard20110502"/> Senator [[Dianne Feinstein]] stated that "it's hard for me to understand how the Pakistanis ... would not know what was going on inside the compound." and said that top Pakistan officials may be "walking both sides of the street."<ref name="MH20110502"/> |
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[[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Clinton]] defended Pakistan and stated that "cooperation with Pakistan helped lead us to bin Laden and the compound in which he was hiding".<ref name="ref-86"/> President Obama echoed these sentiments.<ref name="Walsh"/> |
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[[Gulf News]] reported that the compound where bin Laden was killed had previously been used as a [[safe house]] by ISI but was no longer being used for this purpose.<ref name="GN20110503"/> |
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In his first interview after the operation CIA chief [[Leon Panetta]] stated that US had ruled out involving its nominal ally Pakistan in the operation stating “it was decided that any effort to work with the Pakistanis could jeopardize the mission. They might alert the targets.”<ref name="time20110503">{{cite web|url=http://swampland.time.com/2011/05/03/cia-chief-breaks-silence-u-s-ruled-out-involving-pakistan-in-bin-laden-raid-early-on/|title=CIA Chief Breaks Silence: Pakistan Would Have Jeopardized bin Laden Raid, ‘Impressive’ Intel Captured|last=Calabresi|first=Massimo|date=3 May 2011|work=TIME|accessdate=3 May 2011}}</ref> |
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===Pakistani response=== |
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According to a Pakistani intelligence official, raw phone-tap data had been transferred to the United States without being analyzed by Pakistan. While the U.S. "was concentrating on this" information since September 2010, information regarding bin Laden and the compound's inhabitants had "slipped from" Pakistan's "radar" over the months. Bin Laden left "an invisible footprint" and he had not been contacting other militant networks. It was noted that much focus had been placed on a courier entering and leaving the compound. The transfer of intelligence to the U.S. was a regular occurrence according to the official, who also stated regarding the raid that "I think they came in undetected and went out the same day", and Pakistan did not believe that U.S. personnel were present in the area before the special operation occurred.<ref name="Walsh"/> |
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According to the Pakistani high commissioner to the United Kingdom, [[Wajid Shamsul Hasan]], Pakistan had prior knowledge that an operation would happen. Pakistan was "in the know of certain things" and "what happened happened with our consent. Americans got to know him—where he was first—and that's why they struck it and struck it precisely." Husain Haqqani, Pakistani ambassador to the U.S., had said that Pakistan would have pursued bin Laden had the intelligence of his location existed with them and Pakistan was "very glad that our American partners did. They had superior intelligence, superior technology, and we are grateful to them."<ref name="Walsh"/> |
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Another Pakistani official stated that Pakistan "assisted only in terms of authorization of the helicopter flights in our airspace" and the operation was conducted by the United States. He also said that {{q |in any event, we did not want anything to do with such an operation in case something went wrong.}}<ref name="Walsh"/> |
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==Operation Geronimo== |
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===Objectives and plan=== |
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After an intelligence-gathering effort on the courier's Pakistan compound that began September 2010, President Obama met with his national security advisers on March 14 to create an action plan. They met four more times (March 29, April 12, April 19 and April 28) in the six weeks before the raid, including once on March 29, 2011 when Obama personally discussed the plan with [[Vice admiral (United States)|Vice Admiral]] [[William H. McRaven]], the commander of the U.S. Joint Special Operations Command.<ref name="MazzettiCooper" /><ref name="abcnews1"/> [[Jake Tapper]] of [[ABC News]] reported that "many multiple possible courses of action" were presented to Obama in March and "refined over the course of the next several weeks."<ref name="ref-87"/> |
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According to ABC News, the first approach considered by U.S. officials was to bomb the house using [[Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit|B-2 Spirit]] [[Stealth aircraft|stealth]] [[bomber]]s, which could drop 32<ref name="nytclues" /> 2,000-pound [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]]s (JDAMs). Obama rejected this option, however, opting for a raid that would provide definitive proof that bin Laden was inside, and limit civilian casualties. Another one of the "courses of action" (COA) suggested by JSOC was "a joint raid with Pakistani intelligence operatives who would be told about the mission hours before the launch."<ref name=nytclues>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/03intel.html?pagewanted=2&hp|title=Behind the Hunt for Bin Laden|publisher=NYTimes}}</ref> Deploying drones was apparently not a feasible approach, in part because the compound's location was "within the Pakistan air defense intercept zone for the national capital."<ref name="ref-88"/><ref name="ref-89"/><ref name="ref-90"/> |
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Members of the Naval Special Warfare Development Group began training for the raid (the objective of which remained unknown to them) after the March 22 national security meeting, "holding dry runs at training facilities on both American coasts, which were made up to resemble the compound."<ref name="nytclues" /> As plans progressed through the month of April, the DEVGRU SEALs began more specific training exercises on a one-acre replica of the "Waziristan Mansion" compound, practicing rappelling down into it from helicopters, among other tactical approaches.<ref name="secretteam" /><ref name="blogs.abcnews.com" /> The replica was built at Camp Alpha, a restricted section of the [[Bagram Airfield|Bagram military base]] in [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="secretteam" /> According to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 24 Navy SEALs carried out practice runs on April 7 and April 13.<ref name="ref-91"/> |
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[[United States Homeland Security Council|White House counterterrorism advisor]] [[John O. Brennan]] stated after the raid that "If we had the opportunity to take bin Laden alive, if he didn't present any threat, the individuals involved were able and prepared to do that."<ref name="ref-92"/> However, another U.S. national security official, who was not named, told [[Reuters]] that "'This was a kill operation,' making clear there was no desire to try to capture bin Laden alive in Pakistan."<ref name = "HuffPost">{{cite news| publisher = Huffington Post | date=May 2, 2011 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/02/osama-bin-laden-dead-kill_n_856211.html | title = Osama bin Laden dead}}</ref> Another source referencing a ''kill'' (rather than ''capture'' order) states, "Officials described the reaction of the special operators when they were told a number of weeks ago that they had been chosen to train for the mission. 'They were told, "We think we found Osama bin Laden, and your job is to kill him,"' an official recalled. The SEALs started to cheer."<ref name="politico1"/> |
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On April 29, at 8:20 am, Obama convened with Brennan, [[Thomas E. Donilon]], and other national security advisers in the [[Diplomatic Reception Room (White House)|Diplomatic Reception Room]] and gave the final order to raid the Abbottābad compound. A senior administration official told reporters after the operation was completed that the [[government of Pakistan]] had not been informed of the operation in advance.<ref name="ref-93"/> |
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The raid planned for that day was postponed until the following day due to cloudy weather.<ref name="ref-94"/> |
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===Execution of the operation=== |
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[[File:Osama bin Laden hideout.jpg|thumb|Diagram of Osama bin Laden's hideout, showing the high concrete walls that surround the compound]] |
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After President Obama authorized the mission to kill or capture Osama bin Laden, [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|CIA Director]] [[Leon Panetta]] gave the go-ahead at midday on May 1.<ref name="ref-95"/> |
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The raid was carried out by 20 to 25 helicopter-borne [[United States Navy SEALs]] from the [[United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group]] (DEVGRU) under the command of the [[Joint Special Operations Command]], led by the U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA). According to ''The New York Times'', "79 commandos and a [[Dogs in warfare|dog]] were involved."<ref name="ref-96"/> Additional personnel on the mission included "tactical signals, intelligence collectors, and navigators using highly classified [[Hyperspectral imaging|hyperspectral imagers]]."<ref name="nationaljournal.com"/> |
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The SEALs flew from [[Afghanistan]] to [[Tarbela Ghazi Airbase]] in northwest Pakistan.<ref name="dailymail1"/> The [[160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)|160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment]], a [[U.S. Army]] airborne [[special operations unit]] nicknamed the "Night Stalkers," provided four modified [[Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk|Black Hawk helicopters]], two of which were intended to be backups.<ref name="blogs.abcnews.com"/><ref name="politico1" /><ref name = "nationaljournal.com" /><ref name="ref-23"/> The raid was scheduled for a time with little moon [[Stellar luminosity|luminosity]] so the helicopters could enter Pakistan "low to the ground and undetected."<ref name="http"/> |
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A former Navy SEAL and weapons expert who spoke to ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' speculated that, "Once the first shots were fired it would have been white lights and going loud...We would stay black if silence was the primary goal, but this is not the case since they [[Fast-roping|fast-roped]] into the compound. Fox says they [[Abseiling|rappelled]], but they probably did not as it's way too time-consuming."<ref>[http://techland.time.com/2011/05/02/this-is-the-gear-likely-used-in-the-raid-of-osamas-compound/]</ref> One of the helicopters stalled, in a vortex created by its own [[prop wash]] and the high compound walls,<ref name="ref-97"/> and was forced to make an emergency landing in the compound. At approximately 1:00 a.m. local time (20:00, May 1 UTC),<ref name="ref-19"/><ref name="Ross" /> the compound's guards opened fire as the SEALs attacked the compound's structures.<ref name="ref-98"/> |
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The SEALs neutralized the compound's guards, then cleared the main building room-to-room.<ref name="ref-99"/> Fighting occurred on the first floor, where two adult males lived, and on the second and third floors, where bin Laden lived with his family; the second and third floors were the last section of the compound to be cleared.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> |
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Osama bin Laden and the DEVGRU team encountered each other on the third floor of the residence; bin Laden was "wearing the local loose-fitting tunic and pants known as a ''[[shalwar kameez]]''."<ref name="nytclues" /> "The encounter with bin Laden lasted only seconds," according to Politico, and took place during "the last five or 10 minutes" of the raid.<ref name="politico1"/> Bin Laden "resisted" according to the ''New York Times'' but per the ''Guardian'', citing White House sources, he "had no weapon."<ref name="ref-100"/><ref name="nytclues" /> |
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Sources seem to generally agree that bin Laden was killed by at least one and possibly two or more American bullets, one of which struck him in left side of the head, but the exact location of the bullet wounds is the subject of contradictory media reports. Some state that bin Laden shot once in the head, and once in the chest<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="ref-101"/><ref name="ref-102"/><ref name="ref-28"/><ref name="ref-103"/>, but ''[[National Journal]]'' reported that he was "done in by a [[double tap]]—boom, boom—to the left side of his face."<ref name="nationaljournal.com"/><ref name="ref-104"/> The ''[[New York Times]]'' states that he was "shot above the left eye."<ref name="nytclues" /> |
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Three other men present at the compound were also reportedly killed in the operation, including bin Laden's adult son, the courier and the courier's brother.<ref name = "ref-29" /> Also killed was a woman, identified by some reports bin Laden's fourth wife, [[Amal al Ahmed Sadah]],<ref name = "washingtonpost" /><ref name = "ref-30" /> while other sources claim this to be incorrect.<ref name="ref-105"/> (According to the ''New York Times'', during the firefight one of the men in the compound "held an unidentified woman living there as a shield while firing at the Americans. Both were killed."<ref name="nytclues" />) |
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Two other women were injured.<ref name="ref-31" /> |
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It remains unclear which of bin Laden's adult sons was killed in the raid. ''The New York Times'' reported that U.S. authorities determined that the man was [[Hamza bin Laden]].<ref name="ref-106"/> The Associated Press cited [[John O. Brennan]] as giving the man's identity as [[Bin Laden family|Khaled bin Laden]].<ref name="ref-107"/> While Osama bin Laden's body was taken by U.S. forces, the bodies of the four others killed in the raid were left behind at the compound.<ref name="ref-108"/> |
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The exact number and identity of the people living in the compound is uncertain. Several appear to be members of the Osama bin Laden family, including possibly his fourth wife and their daughter. A U.S. official told the [[Associated Press]] that in addition to the five adults who were killed during the operation, 23 children and nine women were in the compound. The ''National Journal'' reported that 22 people were counted in the compound.<ref name="nationaljournal.com"/> A Pakistani official told the ''New York Times'' that nine children ranging from two to 12 years old were placed in Pakistani custody.<ref name="nytclues" /> According to the British ''Daily Mail'', "four children and two women, including Bin Laden's daughter [[Bin Laden family|Safia]], were taken away in an ambulance."<ref name="dailymail1"/>) One other person was reportedly taken away alive by the U.S. military.<ref name="BBC_Intel_Failure"/><ref name="ref-109"/> |
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The raid was intended to take 30 minutes. All told, the time between the team's entry in and exit from the compound was 38 minutes.<ref name="politico1"/> Time in the compound was split into exchanging gunfire with the defenders<ref name="autogenerated1"/> and searching the compound for information.<ref name="ref-21" /> U.S. personnel removed computer hard drives, documents, DVDs, thumb drives and "electronic equipment" from the compound for later analysis.<ref name="politico1"/><ref name="APGoldman"/> |
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The helicopter that had made the emergency landing was damaged<ref name="blogs.abcnews.com"/> and could not fly the team out. It was consequently destroyed to safeguard its classified equipment; after they "moved the women and children to a secure area"<ref name="nytclues" /> U.S. forces "improvise[d] by packing the helicopter with explosives and blowing it up."<ref name="Dedman"/><ref name="ref-110"/> The assault team "called in one of two backup [helicopters]" to ferry them back to their base.<ref name="nytimes1"/> |
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The SEAL team helicopters were supported by multiple other aircraft, including fixed-wing fighter jets and [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]]. According to CNN, "The [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] also had a full team of combat search-and-rescue helicopters available."<ref name="ref-24"/> |
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===Diplomatic cooperation=== |
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[[File:Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg|thumb|The U.S. national security team gathered in the [[White House Situation Room|Situation Room]] to monitor the unfolding of Operation Geronimo.]] |
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According to Obama administration officials, U.S. officials did not share information about the raid with the government of Pakistan before the operation,<ref name="ref-5"/> but did notify Pakistan after its successful completion.<ref name="dawn20110502"/> According to the Pakistani foreign ministry, the operation was conducted entirely by the U.S. forces;<ref name="ref-32"/> however, Pakistan [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) officials stated that they were also present at what they called a joint operation,<ref name="LAT20110502"/> a claim which President [[Asif Ali Zardari]] has flatly denied.<ref name="ref-111"/> Reasons for not alerting Pakistan have not yet been provided. |
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According to ABC News, Pakistani fighter jets were scrambled in an attempt to locate and identify what turned out to be the U.S. helicopters used in the raid.<ref name="blogs.abcnews.com"/> |
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===Local accounts of raid=== |
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Details of the raid, albeit observed from a distance, were [[Twitter|tweeted]] by Abbottābad resident [[Sohaib Athar]], who initially did not know what was happening; he had begun tweeting by complaining about the unaccustomed noise of low-flying helicopters.<ref name="ref-36"/><ref name="ref-37"/><ref name="ref-38" /> [[Karachi]]'s [[Geo News]] described a helicopter crash and "heavy firing" on the evening of May 1 "near the [[Pakistan Military Academy|PMA]] Kakul Road".<ref name="ref-39"/> |
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The UK ''Telegraph'' quoted a resident of the area who said, "We saw four helicopters at around 2 am. We were told to switch off lights of our homes and stay inside."<ref name="ref-40"/> |
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According to [[BBC]]'s [[Owen Bennett-Jones]] in Islamabad, reporting two days after the raid, ISI informed him after questioning survivors of the raid that there were 17 to 18 people in the compound at the time of the attack and that the Americans took away one person still alive, possibly a Bin Laden son. The ISI also said that survivors included a wife, a daughter and eight to nine other children, not apparently Bin Laden's; all subsequently had their hands tied. |
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The BBC report also stated that, according to the ISI, a surviving Yemeni wife said they had moved to the compound a few months ago and that Bin Laden's daughter, aged 12 or 13, saw her father shot.<ref name="ref-112"/> |
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==Identification of the body== |
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Immediately following the raid, the body believed to be bin Laden's was taken to [[Jalalabad]], [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="abcnews1"/> |
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[[ABC News]], the [[Associated Press]] and ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that bin Laden's body was identified by [[DNA profiling|DNA testing]],<ref name=ABCNews /><ref name="ref-13"/><ref name="ref-113"/> using tissue and blood samples taken from his sister who died of [[brain cancer]].<ref name="ref-14"/> [[Reuters]] reported, however, that DNA test results will be available in the next few days and that bin Laden's body was identified using [[Facial recognition system|facial recognition techniques]].<ref name="ref-15"/> One of bin Laden's wives identified the body.<ref name="ref-47"/> ABC News stated, "Two samples were taken from bin Laden: one of these DNA samples was analyzed, and information was sent electronically back to Washington, D.C., from Bagram. Someone else from Afghanistan is physically bringing back a sample."<ref name="abcnews1"/> |
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A wife of bin Laden also apparently called him by name during the raid, inadvertently assisting in his identification by U.S. armed forces on the ground.<ref name="ref-30" /><ref name="ref-20"/><ref name="ref-114"/> |
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According to ABC News, additional identification methods included measurement of the body, both the corpse and bin Laden were 6'4" (1.93 meters) tall; facial recognition software (a photograph transmitted by the SEALs to CIA headquarters in Langley, Va. yielded a 90 to 95 percent likely match), and two women from the compound identified bin Laden's body after death.<ref name="abcnews1"/> |
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===Potential release of photos=== |
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Photos were taken of bin Laden's body before it was buried at sea, sparking a debate about whether to release the photos.<ref>[http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2011/05/to-release-or-not-to-release-bin-laden-death-photos-spark-debate/1 To release or not: Bin Laden death photos spark debate]</ref> Those supporting the release of the photos said it would prove his death and prevent [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] that bin Laden is still alive, while others expressed concern that the photos would inflame anti-American sentiment in the Middle East.<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/desire-osama-bin-laden-death-photo-grows/story?id=13516795 9/11 Families Calling for Osama Bin Laden Death Photo]</ref> |
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==Burial at sea== |
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[[File:US Navy 110404-N-6505H-511 An E-2C Hawkeye approaches USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70).jpg|thumb|right|220px|USS ''Carl Vinson'' conducting flight operations in Persian Gulf (April 4, 2011)]] |
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According to a U.S. official on May 2, bin Laden's body was handled in accordance with [[Islamic funeral|Islamic practice and tradition]]<ref name="reuters20110502" /> and was [[burial at sea#Islam|buried at sea]] less than a day after his death.<ref name = "ref-41"/><ref name="sea burial">{{cite news|title=How U.S. forces killed Osama bin Laden|url =http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/02/bin.laden.raid/|publisher=Cable News Network|accessdate=May 2, 2011 |date=May 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name="ref-42"/><ref name="ref-43"/> The body was transported to the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier {{USS |Carl Vinson|CVN-70|2}} (''pictured''), the [[flagship]] of [[Carrier Strike Group One]], operating in the northern [[Arabian Sea]],<ref name = "ref-44" /> and at 1:10 am EDT, the body was "washed in accordance with Islamic custom, placed in a white sheet, then put inside a weighted bag". After religious statements translated into Arabic were made, the body "was placed onto a flat board, which was then elevated upward on one side, and... slid off into the sea".<ref name="ref-47"/> Bin Laden [[In absentia|Gayab]] [[Salat al-Janazah]] was performed by Pakistan militant groups such as [[Jama'at-ud-Da'wah]]<ref name="ref-115"/> and [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]<ref name="ref-116"/> |
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Under Islamic tradition, however, burial at sea is considered by some to be inappropriate when other, preferred forms of burial are available, and several prominent Islamic clerics criticized the decision.<ref name = "ref-47" /><ref name = "ref-46" /><ref name="ref-117"/> Dr [[Mohamed Ahmed el-Tayeb]], the head of [[Al-Azhar University]], Egypt's seat of Sunni Muslim learning, said the disposal of the body at sea was an affront to religious and human values.<ref name="ref-118"/> |
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In the famous Sunni [[Shafi'i]] [[Fiqh]] book ''[[Umdat al-Salik wa Uddat al-Nasik]]'', the condition for sea burial is given as follow: "It is best to bury him (the deceased) in the cemetery... If someone dies on a ship and it is impossible to bury him on land, the body is placed (O: tightly lashed) between two planks (O: to obviate bloating) and thrown into the sea (O: so that it reaches shore, even if the inhabitants are non-Muslims, since a Muslim might find the body and bury it facing the direction of prayer (qibla))."<ref name="ref-119"/> This implies that the dead should only be buried in sea when it is impossible to bury the deceased on land in a cemetery. |
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The advantage to the United States of a burial at sea is that the burial site is not readily identified or accessed, thus preventing a burial site from becoming a focus of attention or "terrorist shrine".<ref name = "ref-48" /> ''[[The Guardian]]'' has questioned whether bin Laden's grave would have been a shrine, a concept rejected by [[Wahhabism]]. It also quotes a U.S. official explaining the difficulty of finding a country that would accept the burial of bin Laden in its soil.<ref name="guardian01" /> Khalid Latif, an [[imam]] who serves as a chaplain and the director of the Islamic Center of [[New York University]], argued that the sea burial was respectful.<ref name="ref-120"/> Whereas other American Muslim chaplains such as Imam Abdullah El-Amin of Detroit's Muslim Center have voiced concern against the sea burial, given the deceased died on land.<ref name="ref-121"/> |
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According to two Pentagon officials, a video of the burial may be released.<ref name="ref-122"/> |
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==United States Presidential address== |
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[[File:President Obama on Death of Osama bin Laden.ogv|thumb|right|President Obama's address]] |
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{{wikisource|Remarks by the President on Osama bin Laden}} |
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Late in the evening of May 1, 2011, major American news organizations were informed that the president would give an important speech on an undisclosed subject related to national security. Rumors initially spread wildly about the subject,<ref name="ref-49"/> until it was revealed that Obama was to announce the death of Osama bin Laden. At 11:35 p.m. [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] (May 2, 2011, 3:35 UTC), President [[Barack Obama]] confirmed this and said that bin Laden had been killed by "a small team of Americans".<ref name="ref-123"/><ref name="ref-50"/> He explained how the killing of bin Laden was achieved after following up on a lead from August 2010, what his role was in the series of events, and what the death of bin Laden meant on a symbolic and practical level.<ref name="ref-51"/> |
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{{cquote|Today, at my direction, the United States launched a targeted operation against that compound, in Abbottābad, Pakistan. A small team of Americans carried out the operation with extraordinary courage and capability. No Americans were harmed. They took care to avoid civilian casualties. After a firefight, they killed Osama bin Laden and took custody of his body.|200px||President Barack Obama, May 1, 2011<ref name="ref-52"/>}} |
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==Aftermath== |
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An unnamed Pakistani government official confirmed to [[Agence France-Presse]] on May 2 that bin Laden was killed in the operation.<ref name="ref-53"/> The [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] issued a statement on May 2 denying that bin Laden had been killed.<ref name="ref-54"/> Hours later, Pakistani Taliban spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan said that if bin Laden had, in fact, been killed, it was, "a great victory for us because martyrdom is the aim of all of us" and vowed to take revenge on Pakistan and the United States.<ref name="ref-55"/> Tehrik-i-Taliban later confirmed bin Laden's death.<ref name="ref-124"/> |
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===Reactions=== |
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{{main|Reactions to the death of Osama bin Laden}} |
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[[File:White House celebrations, May 2 2011.jpg|thumb|right|People celebrating in front of the White House after Osama bin Laden's death]] |
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Within minutes of the official announcement, large crowds spontaneously gathered outside the White House, [[World Trade Center site|Ground Zero]], [[the Pentagon]] and in New York's [[Times Square]] to celebrate.<ref name="guardian20110502"/> In [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]], [[Michigan]], a suburb of [[Detroit]] with a large [[Muslim]] and [[Arab American|Arab]] population, a small crowd gathered outside the City Hall in celebration, many of them being of [[Middle East]]ern descent.<ref name = "ref-56" /> From the beginning to the end of Obama's speech, 5,000 tweets per second were sent on microblogging platform [[Twitter]].<ref name = "ref-57" /> Fans attending a [[Sunday Night Baseball|nationally televised]] [[Major League Baseball]] game between two [[National League East]] [[Mets–Phillies rivalry|rival]]s, the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] and the [[New York Mets]], at [[Citizens Bank Park]] initiated [[U-S-A! cheer]]s in response to the news.<ref name="ref-58" /> This resultant euphoria has, however, been criticized as an inappropriate reaction to human death.<ref name="ref-125"/> |
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[[Mahmud Ezzat]], the deputy leader of Egypt's [[Muslim Brotherhood]], said that, with bin Laden dead, western forces should now pull out of [[Iraq War|Iraq]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001-present)|Afghanistan]]; authorities in [[Iran]] made similar comments.<ref name="ref-59" /> Palestinian Authority leader Mahmoud Abbas welcomed the killing; the rival [[Hamas]] administration in the Palestinian [[Gaza Strip]] condemned the killing of an {{q |Arab holy warrior}}, possibly in order to "cool tensions in the territory with Al-Qaeda inspired [[Salafi]] groups" that consider Hamas "too moderate".<ref name="ref-60" /> |
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{{Clear}} |
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==Earlier death reports== |
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* '''December 2001:''' Quoting an unnamed Taliban official, the ''[[Pakistan Observer]]'' reported that bin Laden died of untreated lung complications and was buried in an unmarked grave in Tora Bora on December 15.<ref name="Griffin"/> This report was picked up by Fox News in the U.S. on December 26.<ref name="Fox"/> Also on December 26, the Egyptian newspaper ''[[Al-Wafd (newspaper)|Al-Wafd]]'' carried a short [[obituary]] by a "prominent official" of the Afghan Taliban, who was supposedly present at the funeral, stating bin Laden had been buried on or around December 13:<ref name="Reid"/><blockquote>"[Osama bin Laden] suffered serious complications and died a natural, quiet death. He was buried in Tora Bora, a funeral attended by 30 Al Qaeda fighters, close members of his family and friends from the Taliban. By the Wahhabi tradition, no mark was left on the grave"</blockquote> A videotape was released on December 27 showing a gaunt, unwell bin Laden, prompting an unnamed White House aide to comment that it could have been made shortly before his death.<ref name="Griffin"/> On CNN, Dr. Sanjay Gupta commented that bin Laden's left arm never moved during the video, suggesting a recent stroke and possibly a symptom of kidney failure.<ref name="Gupta"/> According to Pakistani President Musharraf, bin Laden required two dialysis machines, which also suggested kidney failure.<ref name="Musharrahsays"/> "I think now, frankly, he is dead for the reason he is a... kidney patient," Musharraf said.<ref name="Musharrahsays"/> If bin Laden suffered kidney failure, he would have required a sterile environment, electricity, and continuous attention by a team of specialists, Gupta said.<ref name="Gupta"/> In April 2002, U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld stated, "We have heard neither hide nor hair of him since, oh, about December in terms of anything hard."<ref name="Burns"/> FBI Counterterrorism chief Dale Watson and President Karzai of Afghanistan also expressed the opinion that bin Laden probably died at this time.<ref name="ref-64"/><ref name="ref-65"/> |
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* '''July 2002:''' FBI counterterrorism chief [[Dale Watson]] states that bin Laden "is probably not with us anymore but I have no evidence to support that."<ref name="Weiner"/><ref name="Roberts"/> |
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* '''October 2002:''' [[Hamid Karzai]] stated that "I would come to believe that [bin Laden] probably is dead."<ref name="ref-126"/> |
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* '''November 2005:''' Senator [[Harry Reid]] stated that "I heard today that he may have died in the earthquake that they had in Pakistan, seriously."<ref name="ref-127"/><ref name="White"/> |
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* '''Late 2005:''' CIA disbands "[[Bin Laden Issue Station]]", codenamed "Alec Station", the CIA's bin Laden tracking unit, 1996–2005.<ref name="ref-66"/> |
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* '''September 2006:''' On September 23, 2006, the French newspaper ''[[L'Est Républicain]]'' quoted a report from the French secret service ([[Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure]], DGSE) stating that bin Laden had died in Pakistan on August 23, 2006, after contracting a case of [[typhoid fever]] that paralyzed his lower limbs.<ref name="ref-67"/> According to the newspaper, Saudi security services first heard of bin Laden's supposed death on September 4, 2006.<ref name="ref-68"/><ref name="ref-69"/><ref name="ref-70"/> The supposed death was reported by the [[Saudi Arabia]]n secret service to its government, which reported it to the French secret service. The French defense minister [[Michèle Alliot-Marie]] expressed her regret that the report had been published while French President [[Jacques Chirac]] declared that bin Laden's death had not been confirmed.<ref name="ref-71"/> American authorities also could not confirm reports of bin Laden's death,<ref name="ref-72"/> with Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]] saying only, "No comment, and no knowledge."<ref name=AFP>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/doubts-over-bin-laden-death/2006/09/24/1159036399252.html |title=Doubts over bin Laden death |publisher=The Age |date=September 24, 2006 |accessdate=May 20, 2010 |location=Melbourne}}</ref> Later, CNN's Nic Robertson said that he had received confirmation from an anonymous Saudi source that the Saudi intelligence community has known for a while that bin Laden has a [[water-borne illness]], but that he had heard no reports that it was specifically typhoid or that he had died.<ref name="ref-73"/> |
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* '''November 2007:''' Political interviewer [[David Frost]] interviewed Pakistani politician and Pakistan Peoples Party leader [[Benazir Bhutto]] on November 2, 2007. In answering a question as to who had previously attempted her assassination, Bhutto named [[Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh|Omar Sheikh]] as a possible suspect, identifying him as "the man who murdered Osama bin Laden." Despite the significance of such a statement, neither Bhutto nor Frost attempted to clarify it or discuss it further during the remainder of the interview.<ref name="ref-74"/> Omar Chatriwala, a journalist for Al Jazeera English, said that he chose not to pursue the story at the time because he believed Bhutto misspoke, meaning to say that Sheikh had murdered [[Daniel Pearl]]--and not Osama bin Laden.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} The BBC drew criticism when it rebroadcast the Frost/Bhutto interview on its website, but edited out Bhutto's statement regarding bin Laden. Later the BBC apologized and replaced the [http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/homepage/int/news/-/mediaselector/check/nolavconsole/ukfs_news/hi?redirect=fs.stm&nbram=1&bbram=1&nbwm=1&bbwm=1&news=1&nol_storyid=7075843 edited version] with the [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIO8B6fpFSQ complete interview].<ref name="ref-76"/> In October 2007, Bhutto stated in an interview that she would cooperate with the American military in targeting bin Laden.<ref name="ref-77"/> |
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* '''2008:''' [[Robert Baer]], a former CIA operative, stated that "Of course he’s dead" and questioned the relevancy of bin Laden.<ref name="Baer"/><ref name="Weiner"/> |
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* '''April 2009:''' During an interview with ''The Telegraph'', Pakistan's President Asif Ali Zardari raised the prospect that bin Laden could be dead, after he said that intelligence officials could find "no trace" of the al Qaeda chief. Zardari's predecessor, Pervez Musharraf, similarly suggested that bin Laden could be dead. Additionally, Pakistan's intelligence agencies believed bin Laden possibly to be dead.<ref name="ref-78"/> |
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* '''March 2009:''' Angelo M. Codevilla, a professor emeritus of international relations at [[Boston University]], wrote that "All the evidence suggests [[Elvis Presley]] is more alive today than Osama bin Laden."<ref name="Codevilla"/> |
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* '''May 2009:''' In ''Osama Bin Laden: Dead or Alive?'', it was argued that bin Laden had died of kidney failure.<ref name="Reid"/><ref name="Weiner"/> |
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==Previous attempts to capture or kill bin Laden== |
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[[File:Strikes on Tora Bora.png|thumb|Air strikes on Tora Bora in 2001]] |
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{{see also|Battle of Tora Bora}} |
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* '''February 1994:''' A team of Libyans attacked bin Laden's home in the Sudan. The government{{clarify|date=May 2011}} investigated and reported that they had been hired by [[Saudi Arabia]], but Saudi Arabia accused them of lying to make bin Laden more amenable to Sudanese interests.<ref name="ref-128"/> |
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* '''August 20, 1998:''' In [[Operation Infinite Reach]], the US Navy launched 66 cruise missiles at a suspected al Qaeda training camp outside Khost, Afghanistan, where bin Laden was expected to be. Reports said that 30 people may have been killed.<ref name="post"/> |
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* '''2000:''' Foreign operatives working on behalf of the CIA fired a [[rocket-propelled grenade]] at a convoy of vehicles in which bin Laden was traveling through the mountains of Afghanistan, hitting one of the vehicles but not the one in which bin Laden was riding.<ref name="cbs"/> |
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* '''December 2001:''' During the opening stages of the war in Afghanistan launched following the 9/11 attacks, the U.S. and its allies believed that bin Laden was hiding in the rugged mountains at Tora Bora. Despite overrunning the Taliban and al-Qaeda positions they failed to capture or kill him.<ref name="NY Times Magazine">"[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/11/magazine/11TORABORA.html Lost at Tora Bora]", ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'', Sept. 11, 2005.</ref> |
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==See also== |
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{{Portalbox|Pakistan|Military of the United States|Terrorism|Death}} |
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* [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives]] |
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* [[High-value target]] |
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* [[Manhunt (military)]] |
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* [[Death of Osama bin Laden conspiracy theories]] |
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* [[Reactions to the death of Osama bin Laden]] |
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{{-}} |
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==References== |
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<!--PLEASE USE THE PROPER CITATION TEMPLATES FOR REFERENCES, FILLING IN ALL RELEVANT PARAMETERS. THANK YOU!--> |
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{{Reflist|30em|refs= |
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<ref name="ref-99">''[[NBC News]]'', May 2, 2011.</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-90">Rebecca Boyle, "[http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2011-05/video-inside-bin-laden%E2%80%99s-compound-and-how-raid-went-down Before the Raid, SEALs Rehearsed in a Full-Scale Replica of the Bin Laden Compound]" (May 2, 2011). ''Popular Science''.</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-111">{{cite web|last=Ali |first=Asif |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/pakistan-did-its-part/2011/05/02/AFHxmybF_story.html |title=Pakistan did its part |publisher=The Washington Post |date=|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-96">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-dead.html|title=Obama Calls World 'Safer' After Pakistan Raid | work = [[The New York Times]] | first1 = Steven Lee | last1 = Myers | first2 = Elisabeth | last2 = Bumiller | date = May 2, 2011 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-88">{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/05/video-inside-bin-ladens-drone-proof-compound/|Video: Inside bin Laden's Drone-Proof Compound}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-79">{{cite web|url = http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/osama-bin-laden-operation-code-geronimo/story?id=13507836 |title=Osama Bin Laden Operation Ended With Coded Message 'Geronimo-E KIA' |author = Jake Tapper | publisher=ABC News |date=May 2, 2011 |accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-112">''[[BBC News Online]]'', "[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13263270 Pakistan defends Bin Laden role]", May 3, 2011.</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-97">{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704569404576299500647391240.html|title=U.S. Rolled Dice in bin Laden Raid|last=Gorman|first=Siobhan|last2=Entous|first2=Adam|publisher=[[Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-dead.html|title=Obama Calls World Safer After Death of Bin Laden|last=Myers|first=Steven Lee|coauthors=Elisabeth Bumiller|date=May 3, 2011|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-86">{{cite news| url = http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/05/02/general-us-bin-laden-clinton-pakistan_8445354.html|title=Clinton: Pakistan helped lead US to bin Laden|date=May 2, 2011<!--, 12:53 pm EDT-->| agency = Associated Press|publisher=Forbes | accessdate=May 2, 2011|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-104">Roggio, Bill, "[http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/05/osama_bin_ladens_son_1.php Osama bin Laden's son, wife, also killed during raid in Pakistan]", ''[[Public Multimedia]]'', May 2, 2011.</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-100">{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-killed-abbottabad-raid|title=40 minutes of fighting, and then two fatal shots|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-113">{{cite news|last=Lee |first=Steven |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-dead.html |title = Obama Calls World Safer After Death of Bin Laden | location=Pakistan |work= [[The New York Times]] |date=May 3, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-84">{{cite web|author=<!--start post navigation--> Previous post Next post |url=http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/05/video-inside-bin-ladens-drone-proof-compound/all/1 |title=Video: Inside bin Laden’s Drone-Proof Compound | Danger Room |publisher=Wired.com |date=January 4, 2009 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-105">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8489658/Osama-bin-Laden-was-not-armed-and-did-not-use-wife-as-human-shield.html | title = Osama bin Laden 'was not armed and did not use wife as human shield' |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-87">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/05/president-obama-had-authorized-bombing-of-compound-in-march-but-wanting-evidence-of-obls-death-cance.html |title=In March, President Obama Authorized Development of Plan to Bomb Compound but Wanting Evidence of OBL's Death, Did Not Execute* - Political Punch |publisher=Blogs.abcnews.com |date=February 5, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-109">{{cite news|author=Kimberly Dozier |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2011/05/02/national/w192252D60.DTL |title=US official: 23 children, 9 women with bin Laden |agency=Associated Press |date=|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Reid">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1212851/Has-Osama-Bin-Laden-dead-seven-years--U-S-Britain-covering-continue-war-terror.html|title=Has Osama Bin Laden been dead for seven years - and are the U.S. and Britain covering it up to continue war on terror? | Mail Online|last=Reid|first=Sue|date=September 11, 2009|work=[[Mail Online]]|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="GN20110503">{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/world/other-world/compound-in-pakistan-was-once-a-safe-house-1.802539|title=Compound in Pakistan was once a safe house|last=Ahmed|first=Ashfaq|work=[[Gulf News]]|publisher=May 3, 2011|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-89">Declan Walsh, Esther Addley, and Ewen MacAskill, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-killed-abbottabad-raid 40 minutes of battle, and two shots to the head]" (May 2, 2011). ''The Guardian''.</ref> |
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<ref name="politico1">{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/54151.html | title = Osama bin Laden raid yields trove of computer data }}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-82">{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/osama-bin-laden-dead-navy-seal-team-responsible/story?id=13509739 |title=Osama Bin Laden Dead: The Navy SEALs Who Hunted and Killed Al Qaeda Leader |author=Michael Murray | publisher=ABC News |date=May 2, 2011 |accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-120">Latif, Khalid. "[http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/02/my-take-burial-at-sea-shows-compassion-of-islamic-law/?hpt=T2 My Take: Burial at sea shows compassion of Islamic law]." ''[[CNN]]''. May 2, 2011. Retrieved on May 3, 2011.</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-94">{{cite news| publisher = ABC | date=2011-5 | work = News | section = Blogs | chapter = Political punch | url = http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/05/president-obama-to-national-security-team-its-a-go-.html | title = President Obama to national security team: it's a go}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Guard20110502">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-pakistan-awkward-questions|title=Osama bin Laden: Dead, but how did he hide so long?|date=May 2, 2011|work=The Guardian|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-122">{{cite web| date=May 2, 2011 | url= http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110502/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/us_bin_laden_burial_video_1 |title=AP sources: bin Laden burial video may be released | work = News | publisher = Yahoo! |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-110">{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/54080.html}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-108">{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bin-laden-raid-20110503,0,7245803.story |title=How Bin Laden met his end | work = Los Angeles Times }}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-121">[http://www.freep.com/article/20110503/NEWS05/105030384/Bin-Laden-s-burial-sea-criticized-by-metro-Detroit-funeral-home-operators Bin Laden's burial at sea criticized by metro Detroit funeral home operators, Detroit Free Press, May 3, 2011]</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-83">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/03/was-osama-killed-by-us-troops-or-his-own-guard.html |title=Was Osama killed by US troops or his own guard?, Ismail Khan, Dawn 3 May 2011 |publisher=Dawn.com |date=|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MH20110502">{{cite web|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/05/02/2197771/feinstein-got-early-heads-up-that.html|title=Feinstein got early head's up that something big was on|last=Doyle|first=Michael|date=May 2, 2011|work=Miami Herald|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="guardian01">{{cite web | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/bin-laden-body-buried-sea | title=Bin Laden's body buried at sea | publisher=Guardian.co.uk | date=May 2, 2011 | accessdate=May 2, 2011 | author=Whitaker, Brian}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MazzettiCooper">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/02reconstruct-capture-osama-bin-laden.html | title=Detective Work on Courier Led to Breakthrough on Bin Laden|last=Mazzetti|first=Mark|coauthors=Cooper, Helene | newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="wp20110502">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pakistan-stresses-that-raid-was-a-us-mission/2011/05/02/AFd0eeXF_story.html|title=Pakistan's critics ask how bin Laden's refuge went unnoticed|date=May 2, 2011|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-39">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=5697&Cat=13&dt=5/2/2011 |title=Chopper crashes, three blasts heard near PMA Kakul |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date=February 5, 2011 |accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Gupta">{{Cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/01/21/gupta.otsc/index.html |title=Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Bin Laden would need help if on dialysis |publisher=CNN |author= |date=January 21, 2002 |accessdate=May 24, 2010 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061023013328/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/01/21/gupta.otsc/index.html |archivedate=October 23, 2006}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-48">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenote/2011/05/osama-bin-laden-body-headed-for-burial-at-sea-officials-say.html |title=Osama Bin Laden Body Headed for Burial at Sea, Officials Say – The Note |publisher=ABC News |date=|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ind20110502">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mp-shocked-at-bin-laden-pakistan-discovery-2277941.html|title=MP 'shocked' at bin Laden Pakistan discovery|last=Woodcock|first=Andrew|date=May 2, 2011|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-40">{{cite web|author=Ashfaq Yusufzai in Abbottabad 10:34 am BST May 2, 2011 |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8487630/Osama-Bin-Laden-Dead-as-seen-by-local-residents.html |title=Osama Bin Laden Dead: as seen by local residents |publisher=Telegraph |date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-16">[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/02/us-binladen-un-idUSTRE7414W720110502 UN chief Ban hails bin Laden death as "watershed"], Reuters 02-05-2011</ref> |
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<ref name="ABCNews">{{cite news|author=Schabner, Dean and Travers, Karen|title=Osama bin Laden Killed; ID Confirmed by DNA Testing |date=May 1, 2011|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/osama-bin-laden-killed/story?id=13505703|publisher=[[ABC News]]| accessdate=May 1, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Dedman">{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42853221/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/|title=How the U.S. tracked couriers to elaborate bin Laden compound|last=Dedman|first=Bill|publisher=[[MSNBC]]|accessdate=May 2, 2011|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yNO6iaxq|archivedate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-54">''[[GEO News]]'', "[http://www.geo.tv/5-2-2011/80991.htm TTP says Osama alive]", May 2, 2011.</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-41">{{cite web|author=Jonathan Karl |url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenote/2011/05/osama-bin-laden-body-headed-for-burial-at-sea-officials-say.html |title=Osama Bin Laden Body Headed for Burial at Sea, Officials Say |publisher=ABC News |date=|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="reuters20110502">{{cite news| title = U.S. handling bin Laden's body in Islamic tradition| first = Jeff| last = Mason| url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/02/us-obama-binladen-body-islam-idUSTRE7410WO20110502| agency = [[Reuters]]| location = London, UK| date=May 2, 2011| accessdate=May 2, 2011| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5yNDTAxUd| archivedate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-58">{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=6463361&type=story|title=Phillies crowd erupts in 'U-S-A' cheers|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=May 2, 2011|first=Adam|last=Rubin|work=ESPNNewYork.com}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-67">{{Cite news|title=Officials, friends can't confirm Bin Laden death report |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/09/23/france.binladen/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=September 24, 2006 |accessdate=May 20, 2010 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080103075436/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/09/23/france.binladen/index.html |archivedate=January 3, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-20">{{cite web|last=Flock |first=Elizabeth |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/bin-ladens-wives-children-arrested-in-raid--1-son-killed/2011/05/02/AFwSTuZF_blog.html |title=Bin Laden's wife used as human shield - BlogPost |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 7, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Griffin">David Ray Griffin, ''Osama Bin Laden: Dead or Alive?'', pp. 3–5.</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-21">{{cite news|last=Ross|first=Brian|title=Osama Bin Laden: Navy SEALS Operation Details of Raid That Killed 9/11 Al Qaeda Leader|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/inside-operation-brought-osama-bin-laden/story?id=13506413&singlePage=true|accessdate=May 2, 2011|work=ABC News|date=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-74">{{cite web|url=http://youtube.com/watch?v=oIO8B6fpFSQ |title=Frost over the World – Benazir Bhutto | date=Nov 2, 07 |accessdate=January 15, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name="cnn20110502">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/02/bin.laden.pakistan.role/|title=Official: Pakistan had but didn't probe data that helped make raid|date=May 2, 2011|work=CNN|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-42">{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42852700/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/ |title=US forces kill Osama bin Laden in Pakistan | work = World news | section = South and Central Asia |publisher=msnbc.com |date=February 5, 2011 | accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ZengerleBull">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/02/us-binladen-compound-idUSTRE7411NX20110502|title=Bin Laden was found at luxurious Pakistan compound|last=Zengerle|first=Patricia|coauthors=Bull, Alister |work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-71">{{Cite news |
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|work=[[Le Monde]] |
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| agency = [[Agence France-Presse]] |
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|title=Information sur la mort de ben Laden: Washington ne confirme pas |
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|date=September 23, 2006 |
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|language = French}}{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-64">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2135473.stm |title=Bin Laden 'probably' dead | publisher = BBC News |author= |date=July 18, 2002 |accessdate=May 20, 2010}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-68">{{Cite news |
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|work=[[Epoch Times]] |
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|publisher=Reuters |
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|url=http://en.epochtimes.com/news/6-9-22/46268.html |
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|title=French paper says bin Laden died in Pakistan |
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|date=September 23, 2006}}{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref> |
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<ref name="DT20110502">{{cite web|url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8488236/WikiLeaks-Osama-bin-Laden-protected-by-Pakistani-security.html|title=WikiLeaks: Osama bin Laden 'protected' by Pakistani security|last=Ross| first =Tim|date=May 2, 2011|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="secretteam">{{cite news | url=http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/05/the-secret-team-that-killed-osama-bin-laden/238163/ | title=The secret team that killed Osama bin Laden | work=[[The Atlantic]] | date=May 2, 2011 | accessdate=May 03, 2011 | author=Ambinder, Marc}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ref-53">''[[GEO News]]'', "[http://www.geo.tv/5-2-2011/80982.htm Security official confirms bin Laden killed]", May 2, 2011.</ref> |
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<ref name="guardian_was_found">{{cite news| work = The Guardian | section = World | date=May 2, 2011 | url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/how-osama-bin-laden-found?intcmp=239 | title = How was Osama bin Laden found?}}</ref> |
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<ref name="phonecall">{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hzn2dQHiUZBXHeHm6Lv78Uz6SwAA?docId=aaf5f9e12731497d8a3147a0e47899d4 |title=Phone call by Kuwaiti courier led to bin Laden |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=May 3, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="skull">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/05/03/501364/main20059222.shtml |title=Bin Laden skull blown apart, official says |publisher=[[CBS]] |date=May 3, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="dailymailwikileaks"> {{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1382908/Osama-Bin-Laden-dead-Did-WikiLeaks-force-Obama-out.html |
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|title=Did latest WikiLeaks revelations force U.S. to take out Bin Laden? |publisher=[[Daily Mail]] |date=May 3, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="rumsfeldnewsmax"> {{cite web|url=http://www.newsmax.com/Headline/DonaldRumsfeld-gitmo-waterboarding-osamabinladen/2011/05/02/id/394820 |title=Rumsfeld Exclusive: There Was No Waterboarding of Courier Source |publisher=[[Newsmax]] |date=May 2, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="hassanghul"> {{cite web|url=http://www.uruknet.info/?new=71873 |title=Iraq - Morocco - Afghanistan - Pakistan: the rendition and torture of Hassan Ghul |publisher=Uruknet |date=November 15, 2010 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="miamifaraj"> {{cite web|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/05/02/2197802/tip-that-led-to-bin-laden-may.html |title=Tip to bin Laden may have come from Guantánamo |publisher=[[Miami Herald]] |date=May 2, 2011 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="wikileaksfaraj"> {{cite web|url=http://wikileaks.ch/gitmo/pdf/ly/us9ly-010017dp.pdf |title=JTF-GTMO Detainee Assessment |publisher=[[Wikileaks]] |date=September 10, 2008 |accessdate=May 3, 2011}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{wikisource-inline|Remarks by the President on Osama Bin Laden}} |
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{{wikinews-inline|Osama bin Laden dead, report U.S. officials}} |
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* China.org.cn "[http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2011-05/03/content_22486398.htm The Strange Death of Osama Bin Laden]." Chinese English-language website opinion column. May 3, 2011. |
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* Phillips, Macon. "[http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/05/02/osama-bin-laden-dead Osama Bin Laden Dead]." [[The White House]] Blog. May 2, 2011. |
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* "[http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/photogallery/may-1-2011 Photo Gallery May 1, 2011]." [[The White House]] |
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* Garamone, Jim. "[http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=63765 Obama Declares 'Justice Has Been Done']." [[American Forces Press Service]], [[U.S. Department of Defense]]. |
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* Garamone, Jim. "[http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=63771 Intelligence, Operations Team Up for bin Laden Kill]." [[American Forces Press Service]], [[U.S. Department of Defense]]. |
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*"[http://www.embassyofpakistanusa.org/news482_05022011.php Office of the Spokesperson Press Release Death of Osama bin Ladin]." Embassy of Pakistan in Washington. May 2, 2011. |
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*"[http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2011/may/binladen_050211/binladen_050211 Most Wanted Terrorist Dead]." [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]. May 2, 2011. |
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*"[https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/press-release-2011/justice-done.html Message from the Director: Justice Done]." ([http://www.webcitation.org/5yOwBdQag Archive]). [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. May 2, 2011. |
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*"[http://www.911families.org/2011%2005%2002%20SFA%20Tribute%20Center%20Press%20Release%20%283%29.pdf Statement from September 11 Families’ Association Tribute WTC Visitor Center]." September 11 Families Association. May 2, 2011. |
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* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/digitalglobe-imagery/5680727066/in/photostream January 2011 satellite image of the area where Osama bin Laden was captured] (DigitalGlobe) |
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{{coord|34|10|9|N|73|14|33|E|scale:1000|display=title}} |
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{{Osama bin Laden}} |
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{{US War on Terror}} |
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{{Pakistan and state terrorism}} |
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[[Category:Abbottabad District]] |
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[[Category:Central Intelligence Agency operations]] |
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[[Category:Deaths by person|bin Laden, Osama]] |
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[[Category:Operations involving American special forces]] |
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[[Category:Osama bin Laden]] |
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[[Category:War on Terror]] |
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[[Category:2011 in military history]] |
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[[Category:2011 in Pakistan]] |
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[[ar:مقتل أسامة بن لادن]] |
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[[ca:Mort d'Ossama bin Laden]] |
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[[el:Θάνατος του Οσάμα μπιν Λάντεν]] |
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[[es:Muerte de Osama bin Laden]] |
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[[fa:مرگ اسامه بن لادن]] |
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[[fr:Mort d'Oussama ben Laden]] |
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[[ko:오퍼레이션 제로니모]] |
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[[id:Kematian Usamah bin Ladin]] |
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[[ms:Kematian Osama bin Laden]] |
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[[nl:Dood van Osama bin Laden]] |
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[[ja:ウサーマ・ビン・ラーディンの死]] |
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[[no:Osama bin Ladens død]] |
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[[pl:Śmierć Usamy ibn Ladina]] |
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[[pt:Morte de Osama bin Laden]] |
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[[ru:Смерть Усамы бин Ладена]] |
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[[fi:Osama bin Laden#Kuolema]] |
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[[tr:Usame bin Ladin'in ölümü]] |
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[[uk:Смерть Осами бен Ладена]] |
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[[vi:Cái chết của Osama bin Laden]] |
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[[zh:奥萨马·本·拉登之死]] |
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Revision as of 19:08, 3 May 2011
i HATE BIN LADEN THE F**KING B*****D. GO ROT AND AND REINCARNATE INTO A ANT AND GET SQUASHED! ... Justice is served! Case closed. -