Urinary system: Difference between revisions
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===Kidney=== |
===Kidney=== |
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{{Main|Kidney}} |
{{Main|Kidney}} |
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The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie in the [[abdomen]], [[retroperitoneal]] to the organs of digestion, around or just below the [[ribcage]] and close to the [[lumbar spine]]. The organ is about the size of a human fist and is surrounded by what is called Peri-nephric fat, and situated on the superior pole of each kidney is an [[adrenal gland]]. The kidneys receive their [[blood]] supply of 1.25 L/min (25% of the [[cardiac output]]) from the renal arteries which are fed by the [[abdominal aorta]]. This is important because the [[kidneys]]' main role is to filter [[water soluble]] waste products from the blood. The other attachment of the kidneys are at their functional endpoints the [[ureter]]s, which lies more [[anatomical terms of location|medial]] and runs down to the [[trigone of urinary bladder |
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie in the [[abdomen]], [[retroperitoneal]] to the organs of digestion, around or just below the [[ribcage]] and close to the [[lumbar spine]]. The organ is about the size of a human fist and is surrounded by what is called Peri-nephric fat, and situated on the superior pole of each kidney is an [[adrenal gland]]. The kidneys receive their [[blood]] supply of 1.25 L/min (25% of the [[cardiac output]]) from the renal arteries which are fed by the [[abdominal aorta]]. This is important because the [[kidneys]]' main role is to filter [[water soluble]] waste products from the blood. The other attachment of the kidneys are at their functional endpoints the [[ureter]]s, which lies more [[anatomical terms of location|medial]] and runs down to the [[trigone of urinary bladder]]. |
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The kidneys perform a [[renal physiology|number of tasks]], such as: concentrating urine, regulating [[electrolyte]]s, and maintaining [[acid-base homeostasis]]. The kidney excretes and re-absorbs [[electrolyte]]s (e.g. [[sodium]], [[potassium]] and [[calcium]]) under the influence of local and systemic [[hormone]]s. [[pH]] balance is regulated by the excretion of [[titratable acid|bound acids]] and [[ammonium]] ions. In addition, they remove [[urea]], a [[nitrogen]]ous waste product from the [[metabolism]] of [[amino acid]]s. The end point is a [[osmole (unit)|hyperosmolar]] solution carrying waste for storage in the bladder prior to [[urination]]. |
The kidneys perform a [[renal physiology|number of tasks]], such as: concentrating urine, regulating [[electrolyte]]s, and maintaining [[acid-base homeostasis]]. The kidney excretes and re-absorbs [[electrolyte]]s (e.g. [[sodium]], [[potassium]] and [[calcium]]) under the influence of local and systemic [[hormone]]s. [[pH]] balance is regulated by the excretion of [[titratable acid|bound acids]] and [[ammonium]] ions. In addition, they remove [[urea]], a [[nitrogen]]ous waste product from the [[metabolism]] of [[amino acid]]s. The end point is a [[osmole (unit)|hyperosmolar]] solution carrying waste for storage in the bladder prior to [[urination]]. |
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Revision as of 23:38, 30 May 2011
| Urinary system | |
|---|---|
 1. Human urinary system: 2. Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4. Ureter, 5. Urinary bladder, 6. Urethra. (Left side with frontal section) 7. Adrenal gland | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | systema urinarium |
| MeSH | D014551 |
| TA98 | A08.0.00.000 |
| TA2 | 3357 |
| FMA | 7159 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The urinary system (also called the excretory system) is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra, and two sphincter muscles.
Physiology of urinary system
Kidney
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie in the abdomen, retroperitoneal to the organs of digestion, around or just below the ribcage and close to the lumbar spine. The organ is about the size of a human fist and is surrounded by what is called Peri-nephric fat, and situated on the superior pole of each kidney is an adrenal gland. The kidneys receive their blood supply of 1.25 L/min (25% of the cardiac output) from the renal arteries which are fed by the abdominal aorta. This is important because the kidneys' main role is to filter water soluble waste products from the blood. The other attachment of the kidneys are at their functional endpoints the ureters, which lies more medial and runs down to the trigone of urinary bladder.
The kidneys perform a number of tasks, such as: concentrating urine, regulating electrolytes, and maintaining acid-base homeostasis. The kidney excretes and re-absorbs electrolytes (e.g. sodium, potassium and calcium) under the influence of local and systemic hormones. pH balance is regulated by the excretion of bound acids and ammonium ions. In addition, they remove urea, a nitrogenous waste product from the metabolism of amino acids. The end point is a hyperosmolar solution carrying waste for storage in the bladder prior to urination.
Humans produce about 2.9 litres of urine over 24 hours, although this amount may vary according to circumstances. Because the rate of filtration at the kidney is proportional to the glomerular filtration rate, which is in turn related to the blood flow through the kidney, changes in body fluid status can affect kidney function. Hormones exogenous and endogenous to the kidney alter the amount of blood flowing through the glomerulus. Some medications interfere directly or indirectly with urine production. Diuretics achieve this by altering the amount of absorbed or excreted electrolytes or osmalites, which causes a diuresis.
See also
References
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