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=== Best New Artist controversy ===
=== Best New Artist controversy ===


What caused controversy at the 28th Grammy Awards in February 1986 was the absence of Whitney Houston's name in [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist#1980s|Best New Artist]] category.<ref name="86bestnewartist">{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k6QkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7KUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1071,2798016&dq|title=Best new artist category causes Grammys' only stir|date=February 26, 1986|accessdate=April 24, 2010|work=''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]''|publisher=[[Canwest]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19860225&id=hSgxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MAYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7019,5242015|title=Controversy Again Casts Cloud Over Grammy Awards Program|date=February 25, 1986|accessdate=June 19, 2010|work=''[[Star-Banner|Ocala Star-Benner]]}}</ref> Although ''Whitney Houston'' was her debut album released in 1985 and many people bet that she would be crowned Best New Artist, she was not nominated in that category because of her disqualification as a new artist. Upon hearing that Whitney Houston would be denied the opportunity to compete in the Best New Artist category for 1985, [[Clive Davis]], then the president of [[Arista Records]], sent a letter of complaint to Michael Greene, the president of the [[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]] (NARAS), and had been told that "Whitney was banished from the circle of newcomers because she had appeared as a duet guest vocalist on one song on Jermaine Jackson's album, and one on the comeback album by Teddy Pendergrass, both in the preceding year (1984)." He claimed that "Whitney was simply an unknown vocalist making a 'cameo' appearance on just one of eight or nine songs contained in a major artist's album. She was not even a member of a continuing artistic duo. [...] Whitney was merely a featured vocalist, not the artist, and certainly not the focal point of the song." But Green replied to him, writing "The rule that disqualified Whitney is perfectly clear. It reads: An artist is not eligible in the best new artist category if the artist had label credit or album credit, even if not as a featured artist, in a previous awards' year."<ref name="bestnewartistclive">{{cite book | author = Clive Davis | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=XCQEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&lr&rview=1&pg=PT7#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = Commentary: Denying Grammy Justice, What Does 'New Artist' Really Mean? | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' | date = January 18, 1986 | accessdate = June 19, 2010}}</ref> Davis, on his commentary in ''Billbard'' magazine the issue of January 18, 1986, pointed out the misapplication of the literal meaning or the board of trustees' rules, stating that "[perfectly clear] is offen a matter of opinion. [Through my review], it became obvious that this NARAS rule had been interpreted very liberally in the past."<ref name="bestnewartistclive"/> According to his review of each past winner and nominee, some artists such as [[Cyndi Lauper]], [[Luther Vandross]], the [[Power Station (band)|Power Station]], [[Carly Simon]] and [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young|Crosby, Stills & Nash]], had already received credits on other albums or previously very well known as a member of other acts prior to their Grammy nominations.<ref name="bestnewartistclive"/> He added that "it is a conspicuous injustice that Whitney will not be getting her shot. When someone comes along and makes an impact such as Whitney has, it'll come as a big surprise to quite a few people that, according to the rules of NARAS, sometimes new isn't ''New''."<ref name="bestnewartistclive"/> Despite Davis' coherent and well-founded refutation, the NARAS stuck by its decision to disallow Whitney Houston from competing for best new artst in the balloting. Green, in a statement, said that "The determination of eligibility or ineligibility in the best new artist category is not made capriciously or taken lightly. [...] If differences of opinion arise as to the extent of identity a solo artist may have had while with a previously release group, we take a vote and abide by the majority."<ref name="bestnewartistgreen">{{cite book | author = | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=ACQEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PT73&dq=whitney%20houston%20best%20new%20artist%201986%2028th%20grammy&pg=PT73#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = NARAS to Clive: We Stand Pat, Whitney's Not a New Artist | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' | date = January 25, 1986 | accessdate = June 18, 2010}}</ref> Green noted firmly that "Houston's two duet recordings were entered in the 1984 Grammy Awards process for consideration for nomination. That alone was sufficient to make her ineligible this year for best new artist according to academy criteria. Aside from that, her performance on these recordings made a substantial contribution to their success and merit [with the Pendergrass duet achieving impressive chart positions on both the black and adult contemporary charts]."<ref name="bestnewartistgreen"/> Finally, the NARAS nominated [[a-ha]], [[Freddie Jackson]], [[Katrina and the Waves]], [[Julian Lennon]] and [[Sade (band)|Sade]] for Best New Artist. The award went to Sade.<ref name="86bestnewartist"/>
What caused controversy at the 28th Grammy Awards in February 1986 was the absence of Whitney Houston's name in [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist#1980s|Best New Artist]] category.<ref name="86bestnewartist">{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k6QkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7KUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1071,2798016&dq|title=Best new artist category causes Grammys' only stir|date=February 26, 1986|accessdate=April 24, 2010|work=''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]''|publisher=[[Canwest]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19860225&id=hSgxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MAYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7019,5242015|title=Controversy Again Casts Cloud Over Grammy Awards Program|date=February 25, 1986|accessdate=June 19, 2010|work=''[[Star-Banner|Ocala Star-Benner]]}}</ref> Although ''Whitney Houston'' was her debut album released in 1985 and many people bet that she would be crowned Best New Artist, she was not nominated in that category because of her disqualification as a new artist. Upon hearing that Whitney Houston would be denied the opportunity to compete in the Best New Artist category for 1985, [[Clive Davis]], then the president of [[Arista Records]], sent a letter of complaint to Michael Greene, the president of the [[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]] (NARAS), and had been told that "Whitney was banished from the circle of newcomers because she had appeared as a duet guest vocalist on one song on Jermaine Jackson's album, and one on the comeback album by Teddy Pendergrass, both in the preceding year (1984)." He claimed that "Whitney was simply an unknown vocalist making a 'cameo' appearance on just one of eight or nine songs contained in a major artist's album. She was not even a member of a continuing artistic duo. [...] Whitney was merely a featured vocalist, not the artist, and certainly not the focal point of the song." But Green replied to him, writing "The rule that disqualified Whitney is perfectly clear. It reads: An artist is not eligible in the best new artist category if the artist had label credit or album credit, even if not as a featured artist, in a previous awards' year."<ref name="bestnewartistclive">{{cite book | author = Clive Davis | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=XCQEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&lr&rview=1&pg=PT7#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = Commentary: Denying Grammy Justice, What Does 'New Artist' Really Mean? | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' | date = January 18, 1986 | accessdate = June 19, 2010}}</ref> Davis, on his commentary in ''Billbard'' magazine the issue of January 18, 1986, pointed out the misapplication of the literal meaning or the board of trustees' rules, stating that "[perfectly clear] is often a matter of opinion. [Through my review], it became obvious that this NARAS rule had been interpreted very liberally in the past."<ref name="bestnewartistclive"/> According to his review of each past winner and nominee, some artists such as [[Cyndi Lauper]], [[Luther Vandross]], the [[Power Station (band)|Power Station]], [[Carly Simon]] and [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young|Crosby, Stills & Nash]], had already received credits on other albums or been previously very well known as a member of other acts prior to their Grammy nominations.<ref name="bestnewartistclive"/> He added that "it is a conspicuous injustice that Whitney will not be getting her shot. When someone comes along and makes an impact such as Whitney has, it'll come as a big surprise to quite a few people that, according to the rules of NARAS, sometimes new isn't ''New''."<ref name="bestnewartistclive"/> Despite Davis' coherent and well-founded refutation, the NARAS stuck by its decision to disallow Whitney Houston from competing for best new artst in the balloting. Green, in a statement, said that "The determination of eligibility or ineligibility in the best new artist category is not made capriciously or taken lightly. [...] If differences of opinion arise as to the extent of identity a solo artist may have had while with a previously release group, we take a vote and abide by the majority."<ref name="bestnewartistgreen">{{cite book | author = | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=ACQEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PT73&dq=whitney%20houston%20best%20new%20artist%201986%2028th%20grammy&pg=PT73#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = NARAS to Clive: We Stand Pat, Whitney's Not a New Artist | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' | date = January 25, 1986 | accessdate = June 18, 2010}}</ref> Green noted firmly that "Houston's two duet recordings were entered in the 1984 Grammy Awards process for consideration for nomination. That alone was sufficient to make her ineligible this year for best new artist according to academy criteria. Aside from that, her performance on these recordings made a substantial contribution to their success and merit [with the Pendergrass duet achieving impressive chart positions on both the black and adult contemporary charts]."<ref name="bestnewartistgreen"/> Finally, the NARAS nominated [[a-ha]], [[Freddie Jackson]], [[Katrina and the Waves]], [[Julian Lennon]] and [[Sade (band)|Sade]] for Best New Artist. The award went to Sade.<ref name="86bestnewartist"/>


But after 1986, whenever the controversy involving Grammy Award for Best New Artist arose, Houston's ineligibility for that category was often mentioned. Those were the cases with the past winners such as 1988's [[Jody Watley]] and 1999's [[Lauryn Hill]], established their "public identities" through their work with [[Shalamar]] and the [[Fugees]] respectively. When [[Shelby Lynne]] received the trophy in 2001, more than a decade after charting several singles on the country charts, so did it. [[Richard Marx]], ruled ineligible for nomination as Best New Artist in 1988, stuck it to the NARAS about their inconsistency, on the feature article about him of ''Orange Coast'' magazine, stating as follows: "[...] But so did Whitney Houston for the same reason. And frankly, I don't have a lot of respect for N.A.R.A.S., the Grammy people's ruling system, because it's so inconsistent. They deemed me and Whitney Houston ineligible, and yet they nominated Jody Watley, who made records with Shalamar."<ref name="bestnewartistmarx">{{cite book | author = Keith Tuber | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=72AEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA169&dq=whitney%20houston%20ineligible%20best%20new%20artist&pg=PA169#v=onepage&q=whitney%20houston%20ineligible%20best%20new%20artist&f=false | title = Music: Richard Marx Hits the Mark | publisher = ''Orange Coast Magazine'' | date = August, 1988 | accessdate = June 19, 2010}}</ref> In 2000, Geoff Mayfield of ''Billboard'' magazine, on his column, criticized the NARAS for their vague application of criteria, commenting that "the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences need again to rewrite its definition of [new artists]."<ref name="bestnewartistmayfield">{{cite book | author = Geoff Mayfiled | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=fw4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&lr&rview=1&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = ''Billboard'' magazine's Between The Bullets | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' | date = March 4, 2000 | accessdate = June 19, 2010}}</ref> (The official guidelines read, "for a new artist who releases, during the eligibility year, the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist.") He added that "the category has already had its twists and turns. In 1986 Whitney Houston was not considered because, prior to the release of 1985's ''Whitney Houston'' album, she had appeared on a Teddy Pendergrass single in 1984. But in '88 Jody Watley, who had been a lead vocalist in Shalamar which first charted in 1977, won the best new artist Grammy."<ref name="bestnewartistmayfield"/>
But after 1986, whenever the controversy involving Grammy Award for Best New Artist arose, Houston's ineligibility for that category was often mentioned. Those were the cases with the past winners such as 1988's [[Jody Watley]] and 1999's [[Lauryn Hill]], established their "public identities" through their work with [[Shalamar]] and the [[Fugees]] respectively. When [[Shelby Lynne]] received the trophy in 2001, more than a decade after charting several singles on the country charts, so did it. [[Richard Marx]], ruled ineligible for nomination as Best New Artist in 1988, stuck it to the NARAS about their inconsistency, on the feature article about him of ''Orange Coast'' magazine, stating as follows: "[...] But so did Whitney Houston for the same reason. And frankly, I don't have a lot of respect for N.A.R.A.S., the Grammy people's ruling system, because it's so inconsistent. They deemed me and Whitney Houston ineligible, and yet they nominated Jody Watley, who made records with Shalamar."<ref name="bestnewartistmarx">{{cite book | author = Keith Tuber | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=72AEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA169&dq=whitney%20houston%20ineligible%20best%20new%20artist&pg=PA169#v=onepage&q=whitney%20houston%20ineligible%20best%20new%20artist&f=false | title = Music: Richard Marx Hits the Mark | publisher = ''Orange Coast Magazine'' | date = August, 1988 | accessdate = June 19, 2010}}</ref> In 2000, Geoff Mayfield of ''Billboard'' magazine, on his column, criticized the NARAS for their vague application of criteria, commenting that "the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences need again to rewrite its definition of [new artists]."<ref name="bestnewartistmayfield">{{cite book | author = Geoff Mayfiled | url = http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=fw4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&lr&rview=1&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = ''Billboard'' magazine's Between The Bullets | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' | date = March 4, 2000 | accessdate = June 19, 2010}}</ref> (The official guidelines read, "for a new artist who releases, during the eligibility year, the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist.") He added that "the category has already had its twists and turns. In 1986 Whitney Houston was not considered because, prior to the release of 1985's ''Whitney Houston'' album, she had appeared on a Teddy Pendergrass single in 1984. But in '88 Jody Watley, who had been a lead vocalist in Shalamar which first charted in 1977, won the best new artist Grammy."<ref name="bestnewartistmayfield"/>

Revision as of 05:21, 8 June 2011

Not to be confused with Whitney (album).
Untitled

Whitney Houston is the debut album of American R&B and pop singer Whitney Houston, released February 14, 1985 on Arista Records. The album initially had a slow commercial response but began getting more popular since the summer of 1985. Eventually it topped the Billboard 200 chart for fourteen weeks in 1986 and generated three number-one singles—"Saving All My Love for You", "How Will I Know" and "Greatest Love of All"—on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, making it the first debut album and the first album by a female artist to achieve that feat.[1][2] The album was one of those very rare cases that enjoyed global success by a new black female artist, topping the albums chart in many countries such as Canada,[3] Australia,[4] Norway[5] and Sweden,[6] peaking at number two in the United Kingdom,[7] Germany,[8] and Switzerland.[9] The album was certified Diamond for shipments of 10 million units or more on March 16, 1999, and later 13× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on July 29, 1999.[10][11] It has sold over 25 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling albums of all time.[12]

At the 28th Grammy Awards in 1986, Whitney Houston received four nominations including Album of the Year[13] and won one of which, Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female for "Saving All My Love for You".[14] For the 29th Grammy Awards of 1987, the album earned one nomination for Record of the Year for "Greatest Love of All".[15] In 2003, the album was ranked number 254 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[16] In honor of its 25th anniversary, the album was re-released on January 26, 2010, in an expanded edition with five bonus tracks and a DVD.[17]

Background

Jermaine Jackson produced and recorded duets with Houston for the album.

After seeing Houston perform in a New York City nightclub, Clive Davis believed the singer had the potential to crossover and be the next big superstar. He signed her in 1983 and the two began work on her debut album. Initially Davis had a hard time finding songs for her. Even after elaborate showcases in New York and Los Angeles, many producers turned down the chance to work with her.[18] During the time, rock bands and dance oriented acts were popular; many songwriters felt Houston's gospel voice didn't fit in the pop landscape. It took a year and a half for Jerry Griffith, then Arista's A&R chief and had recommended Whitney to Davis, and Davis to amass suitable songs for the album.[18] Finally the songwriter-producer Kashif offered to produce "You Give Good Love". Jermaine Jackson, who had emerged from the shadow of Brother Michael, produced three songs. Narada Michael Walden came in to revise and then produce "How Will I Know". And Michael Masser covered the pop side of the tracks, producing four of his own compositions, including "Saving All My Love for You" and "Greatest Love of All". After two years of recording, the album was ready for release. It, budgeted at $200,000, finally cost almost $400,000.[18]

Critical response

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[19]
Atlanta Journal-Constitution(favorable)[20]
Robert Christgau(C)[21]
The Globe and Mail(favorable)[22]
Los Angeles Times[23]
The New York Times(favorable)[24]
Q[25]
Rolling Stone(favorable)[26]
Vibe(favorable)[27]
Virgin Encyclopedia[28]

In addition to its popularity, the album was praised by critics and the music industry. Los Angeles Times complimented Houston on her excellent vocal ability, writing "neither the frequently listless arrangements nor the sometimes mediocre material of this debut LP hides the fact that Houston is a singer with enormous power and potential" on their reviews for 1985's releases.[23] Don Shewey of Rolling Stone described her as "one of the most exciting new voices in years" and stated that: "Because she has a technically polished voice like Patti Austin's, [...] her interpretive approach is what sets her apart" and "Whitney Houston is obviously headed for stardom, and if nothing else, her album is an exciting preview of coming attractions." But he expressed a little disappoinment about undistinguished pop-soul tunes, commenting "many of the songs here are so featureless they could be sung by anyone. They make what could have been a stunning debut merely promising."[26] Stephen Holden of The New York Times, praised the album and especially her singing style, stating "along with an appealing romantic innocence, she projects the commanding dignity and elegance of someone far more mature."[24] Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail commented that although some "arrangements frequently border on formulaic but such ballads as "Saving All My Love for You", "Greatest Love Of All" and "Hold Me" are some of the loveliest pop singing on vinyl since the glory days of Dionne Warwick." Lacey added that "Houston has a silky, rich, vibrant voice that moves between steely edges, or curls sensuously around the notes."[22]

Contemporary reviews have paid attention to the significance and the value of it in music history. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic defined Whitney Houston as "the foundation of diva-pop", giving the album four and a half out of five stars. Also, he stated that certainly, the ballads such as "Greatest Love of All" and "Saving All My Love for You", provided "the blueprint for decades of divas", but gave higher marks to the lighter tracks like "How Will I Know" and "Thinking About You", commenting these tracks "are what really impresses some 20-plus years on" and "turns the album into a fully rounded record, the rare debut that manages to telegraph every aspect of an artist's career in a mere ten songs."[19] Brad Wete, on a feature article to celebrate for Vibe magazine's 15th anniversary in September 2008, wrote "never before has an African-American woman earned such crossover appeal so early in her career. [...] [Houston] had a explosive solo debut" and commented "Whitney's prodigious pop set [...] was a fresh serving of precocious talent compared to 1985's mildly flavored R&B buffet."[27] Allison Stewart from The Washington Post stated that the album "provided a blueprint for the pop/dance/R&B-melding careers of Mariah Carey and others, and introduced the world to "The Voice," an octave-spanning, gravity-defying melismatic marvel."[29]

The album was named Rolling Stone's Best Album of 1986. Three major critics of the Los Angeles Times listed the album on their year end critics list. The album ranked #79 on Robert Hilburn's list,[30] #2 on Paul Grein's list and #5 on Dennis Hunt's list.[31] In November 2003, the album was ranked #254 on Rolling Stone's publication of the 500 greatest albums of all time, and ranked #46 on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's Definitive 200 List in 2007.[32] In addition, ranked #71 on Q magazine's "100 Women Who Rock The World" in 2002 and took the #15 spot on Yahoo! Music's 30 Most Significant Albums In Black Music History list in 2010, with Brandy's comments on the album; "The first Whitney Houston CD was genius. That CD introduced the world to her angelic yet powerful voice. Without Whitney half of this generation of singers wouldn't be singing."[33][34]

Commercial performance

Released on February 14, 1985, Whitney Houston debuted on the Billboard 200 the week of March 30, 1985, at number 166.[35] Sales were low initially. However, with the success of the first single "You Give Good Love", the album began climbing the charts and finally reached the number one on Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart (formerly "Top Black Albums") in June and the top 10 on the Billboard 200 (formerly "Top Pop Albums")in August 1985.[36][37] Thanks to successive hit singles and winning at the Grammys, eventually Whitney Houston topped the Billboard 200 album chart in March 1986.[38] With the album taking fifty weeks to hit the number one, it became the slowest climb to the top of the charts since Fleetwood Mac took fifty-eight weeks to reach the top in 1976, with the band's second eponymous album.[39][40]

Whitney Houston spent fourteen non-consecutive weeks at the top of Billboard 200 chart from March until late June 1986, which was short of one week for Carole King's record of fifteen weeks for the longest running #1 album by a female artist.[1] It was the second-longest running No.1 album among the debut albums in Billboard history, behind Men at Work's Business as Usual, which had fifteen weeks on top in 1982-83.[1] The album exhibited massive staying power, remaining on the Billboard 200 for 162 weeks.[41] It also spent a record 46 weeks in the top 10, beating Carole King's record with Tapestry.[42] But the record was later broken by some artists in 1990s—Paula Abdul's Forever Your Girl, Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill and Celine Dion's Falling into You. Houston's debut was the best-selling album of 1986 in the United States and the #1 album of the year on 1986 Billboard year-end charts, making her the first female artist to earn that distinction.[43][44] She became also the #1 pop artist of the year.[45] The RIAA certified it Diamond on March 16, 1999 and later 13× platinum on July 29, 1999, for shipments of 13,000,000 copies of the album in United States.[10][11]

The album was successful worldwide. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number two on the albums chart, spending 119 weeks on the chart.[7][46] It was certified 6× platinum for shipments of 1,800,000 units of the album by the British Phonographic Industry(BPI), becoming the fifth best-selling album of 1986.[47][48] In Canada, the album reached the top spot on the albums chart and remained there for seventeen weeks to become the longest stay at the summit by a female artist. On March 31, 1987, it was certified 10× platinum for sales of over one million copies, making it the best-selling album of 1986, and later Diamond by the Canadian Recording Industry Association(CRIA).[49][50] Whitney Houston was also the 1986's top selling album in Australia, staying at number one of the Kent Music Report albums chart for eleven weeks, the longest stay by a female artist at the time.[51] It became the first time an African American artist had a number 1 album in Australia. In Japan, the album was ranked number two on list of the 1986's best-selling album by a foreign artist, with a total of 450,000 units combined sales of LP, CD and Compact Cassette, only behind Madonna's True Blue.[52] Besides, the album reached the number one on the albums chart in Norway for ten weeks and Sweden for six weeks, the number two in Germany, Switzerland, and the number three in Austria and New Zealand.[5][6][8][9][53][54] Worldwide, Whitney Houston has sold over 25 million copies, becoming one of the best selling albums in the 1980s.[12] According to the Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales data in 1991, as of 2009, the album sold over 1,038,000 copies in the United States.[55]

Grammy Awards

At the 28th Grammy Awards in 1986, Whitney Houston received four nomination—Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female for "Saving All My Love for You", Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "You Give Good Love" and Best Rhythm & Blues Song for "You Give Good Love"—and won Houston's first Grammy, Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female.[13][14] In addition, the album earned one nomination for Record of the Year for "Greatest Love of All" in 1987.[15]

Best New Artist controversy

What caused controversy at the 28th Grammy Awards in February 1986 was the absence of Whitney Houston's name in Best New Artist category.[56][57] Although Whitney Houston was her debut album released in 1985 and many people bet that she would be crowned Best New Artist, she was not nominated in that category because of her disqualification as a new artist. Upon hearing that Whitney Houston would be denied the opportunity to compete in the Best New Artist category for 1985, Clive Davis, then the president of Arista Records, sent a letter of complaint to Michael Greene, the president of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS), and had been told that "Whitney was banished from the circle of newcomers because she had appeared as a duet guest vocalist on one song on Jermaine Jackson's album, and one on the comeback album by Teddy Pendergrass, both in the preceding year (1984)." He claimed that "Whitney was simply an unknown vocalist making a 'cameo' appearance on just one of eight or nine songs contained in a major artist's album. She was not even a member of a continuing artistic duo. [...] Whitney was merely a featured vocalist, not the artist, and certainly not the focal point of the song." But Green replied to him, writing "The rule that disqualified Whitney is perfectly clear. It reads: An artist is not eligible in the best new artist category if the artist had label credit or album credit, even if not as a featured artist, in a previous awards' year."[58] Davis, on his commentary in Billbard magazine the issue of January 18, 1986, pointed out the misapplication of the literal meaning or the board of trustees' rules, stating that "[perfectly clear] is often a matter of opinion. [Through my review], it became obvious that this NARAS rule had been interpreted very liberally in the past."[58] According to his review of each past winner and nominee, some artists such as Cyndi Lauper, Luther Vandross, the Power Station, Carly Simon and Crosby, Stills & Nash, had already received credits on other albums or been previously very well known as a member of other acts prior to their Grammy nominations.[58] He added that "it is a conspicuous injustice that Whitney will not be getting her shot. When someone comes along and makes an impact such as Whitney has, it'll come as a big surprise to quite a few people that, according to the rules of NARAS, sometimes new isn't New."[58] Despite Davis' coherent and well-founded refutation, the NARAS stuck by its decision to disallow Whitney Houston from competing for best new artst in the balloting. Green, in a statement, said that "The determination of eligibility or ineligibility in the best new artist category is not made capriciously or taken lightly. [...] If differences of opinion arise as to the extent of identity a solo artist may have had while with a previously release group, we take a vote and abide by the majority."[59] Green noted firmly that "Houston's two duet recordings were entered in the 1984 Grammy Awards process for consideration for nomination. That alone was sufficient to make her ineligible this year for best new artist according to academy criteria. Aside from that, her performance on these recordings made a substantial contribution to their success and merit [with the Pendergrass duet achieving impressive chart positions on both the black and adult contemporary charts]."[59] Finally, the NARAS nominated a-ha, Freddie Jackson, Katrina and the Waves, Julian Lennon and Sade for Best New Artist. The award went to Sade.[56]

But after 1986, whenever the controversy involving Grammy Award for Best New Artist arose, Houston's ineligibility for that category was often mentioned. Those were the cases with the past winners such as 1988's Jody Watley and 1999's Lauryn Hill, established their "public identities" through their work with Shalamar and the Fugees respectively. When Shelby Lynne received the trophy in 2001, more than a decade after charting several singles on the country charts, so did it. Richard Marx, ruled ineligible for nomination as Best New Artist in 1988, stuck it to the NARAS about their inconsistency, on the feature article about him of Orange Coast magazine, stating as follows: "[...] But so did Whitney Houston for the same reason. And frankly, I don't have a lot of respect for N.A.R.A.S., the Grammy people's ruling system, because it's so inconsistent. They deemed me and Whitney Houston ineligible, and yet they nominated Jody Watley, who made records with Shalamar."[60] In 2000, Geoff Mayfield of Billboard magazine, on his column, criticized the NARAS for their vague application of criteria, commenting that "the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences need again to rewrite its definition of [new artists]."[61] (The official guidelines read, "for a new artist who releases, during the eligibility year, the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist.") He added that "the category has already had its twists and turns. In 1986 Whitney Houston was not considered because, prior to the release of 1985's Whitney Houston album, she had appeared on a Teddy Pendergrass single in 1984. But in '88 Jody Watley, who had been a lead vocalist in Shalamar which first charted in 1977, won the best new artist Grammy."[61]

Singles

The label, wanting Houston to have a solid urban fanbase first, released "You Give Good Love" as the first single.[18] The soulful ballad would top the R&B chart and surprise the label by crossing over and reaching number three on the pop chart while the singer was playing at nightclubs in the United States.[62][63] The jazzy-pop "Saving All My Love for You" was released next and really put her on the map. The single was an even bigger success hitting number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[64] It would reach number one in the United Kingdom and was successful around the world.[65] With her first number one, Houston began appearing on high profile talk shows and became the opening act for Jeffrey Osborne and Luther Vandross. "Thinking About You" was released as the single only to R&B-oriented radio stations. It peaked at number 10 on the Hot Black Singles chart and at number 24 on the Hot Dance/Disco Club Play chart.[66][67]

In the late 1985, "How Will I Know" was released as the third single officially. With its colorful and energetic video, the song brought the singer to the teens and MTV, which black artists have traditionally found tough to crack.[18] It became another number one single for Houston, topping the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart and Hot Black Singles chart respectively.[68][69] The final single, "Greatest Love of All", would become the biggest hit off the album with a three week stay atop the Hot 100. As a result, it became the first debut album - and the first album by a female artist - ever to generate three number one singles.[2] With "Greatest Love of All" and Houston's debut album both at #1 on the singles and albums chart, respectively, she became the first female artist to have the number one pop single and album simultaneously since Kim Carnes in 1982 with "Bette Davis Eyes" and Mistaken Identity.[2] "All at Once" was released only to Adult Contemporary and Urban AC stations as a radio airplay-only single later in 1986. It received heavy airplay and can still be heard on AC stations. However the single received an official release in Japan and many European countries.[citation needed]

Promotions and appearances

Date Title Details
February 12 - 16, 1985 ―
  • Houston made a debut as a solo artist at Sweetwater's club in New York, performing songs from her debut album.[70][71][72]
April 5, 1985 The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
  • Houston performed "You Give Good Love."
April 19, 1985 Show Van de Maand (Dutch TV Show)
  • Houston sang "Aan de Andere Kant Van de Heuvels" (it means "On the Other Side of the Hill" in English) a duet with the Dutch singer, Liesbeth List, who called Whitney one of the best coming singers in 1985. The song was List's hit single released in 1971.
  • After having an short interview with List, she performed "Greatest Love of All".
August 28, 1985 The Late Night with David Letterman
September 15, 1985 Silver Spoons
("Head Over Heels": Season 4, Episode 1)[73][74]
  • Houston appeared opposite Franklyn Seales as Dexter Stuffins who falls "head over heels" with the gorgeous and sumptous young Houston and follows her to LA.[74][75]
  • She sang "Saving All My Love for You" changing some of the words - "making love the whole night through" was changed to "holding each other the whole night through" - for the censors on the episode.
December 4, 1985 The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
(Guest Host: Joan Rivers)
  • Houston performed "Saving All My Love for You" and was interviewed by Rivers.
January 27, 1986 The 13th American Music Awards
  • Houston received 6 nominations and won 2 of them including her first AMA - Favorite Soul/R&B Single.[76][77]
  • After she was introduced as 'the most promising female vocalist' by the host Diana Ross, performed "How Will I Know". At the first part of her performance, the sound system had a problem little bit but she was finished the song with the audience's enthusiastic applause for her powerful voice and refined stage manners.
February 25, 1986 The 28th Grammy Awards
  • Houston received 3 nominations including Album of the Year. Also "You Give Good Love" was nominated for "Best R&B Song" award, given to songwriter.[13]
  • After she performed "Saving All My Love for You" captivatingly, won her first grammy, Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female with honored by her cousin, Dionne Warwick, and Julian Lennon.[78]
April 5, 1986 Champs-Elysées (French TV Talk-Show)
  • There was one of the most infamous incidents in TV history when Houston met France's greatest pop icon, the beloved Serge Gainsbourg on this live talk-show, which was then the most watched Saturday evening show in France.[79]
  • Having sung "Saving All My Love for You", Houston was brought by presenter Michel Drucker over to the couch where drunken Serge was waiting. Gainsbourg sat down next to Houston and immediately said in heavily-accented English, "I want to f*** you". Houston was more than a little shocked by his rather crude display of appreciation, but she stayed nonetheless and sang a duet with him before the end of the show.[80]
September 5, 1986 The 3rd MTV Video Music Awards

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."You Give Good Love"LaLaKashif4:36
2."Thinking About You"Kashif, LalaKashif5:24
3."Someone for Me"Raymond Jones, Freddie WashingtonJermaine Jackson4.58
4."Saving All My Love for You"Gerry Goffin & Michael MasserMichael Masser3:58
5."Nobody Loves Me Like You Do" (Duet with Jermaine Jackson)James P. Dunne, Pamela PhillipsJermaine Jackson3:47
6."How Will I Know"George Merrill, Shannon Rubicam, Narada Michael WaldenNarada Michael Walden4:34
7."All at Once"Jeffrey Osborne, Michael MasserMichael Masser4:27
8."Take Good Care of My Heart" (Duet with Jermaine Jackson)Pete McCann, Steve DorffJermaine Jackson4:14
9."Greatest Love of All"Linda Creed, Michael MasserMichael Masser4:57
10."Hold Me" (Duet with Teddy Pendergrass)Michael Masser, Linda CreedMichael Masser6:02
Total length:47:23
Deluxe 25th Anniversary Edition (Bonus Track)
No.TitleRemixer(s)Length
11."Thinking About You" (12" Dance Remix)Bruce Forest7:16
12."Someone for Me" (12" Dance Remix)Alan "The Judge" Coulthard7:24
13."How Will I Know" (Acappella)—3:59
14."How Will I Know" (12" Dance Remix)John "Jellybean" Benitez6:32
15."Greatest Love of All" (Recorded live at Radio City Music Hall, New York, on March 9, 1990, during a gala concert celebrating the 15th anniversary of Arista Records) 7:06
Deluxe 25th Anniversary Edition (Bonus DVD)
No.TitleNoteLength
1."Conversations with Whitney Houston and Clive Davis"—9:30
2."Home"Houston's premiere TV performance from The Merv Griffin Show on June 23, 19834:45
3."I Am Changing"Live from the Arista Records 10th Anniversary celebration on December 1, 19844:52
4."You Give Good Love"Live from the 1st Annual Soul Train Music Awards on March 23, 19874:17
5."You Give Good Love"Promo music video4:07
6."Saving All My Love for You"Promo music video3:56
7."How Will I Know"Promo music video4:31
8."Greatest Love of All"Promo music video4:52

Personnel

Musicians

Production

  • Producers: Jermaine Jackson, Kashif, Michael Masser, Narada Michael Walden
  • Executive producer: Clive Davis
  • Engineers: Michael Barbiero, Michael Mancini, Michael O'Reilly, Russell Schmitt
  • Mixing: Michael Barbiero, Michael O'Reilly, Bill Schnee
  • Arranger: Gene Page Jr., Kashif, Narada Michael Walden
  • Art direction: Donn Davenport
  • Photographer: Garry Gross
  • Fashion stylist: Tiagi Lambert (Gown by Giovanne De Maura, Bathing Suit by Norma Kamali)
  • Makeup: Quietfire
  • Coordinator: Brenda Gorsky
  • Hair sylist: Jeffrey Woodly

Charts and certifications

Singles chart positions

Year Single Peak chart positions
US
[93] 		US R&B
[93] 		US AC
[93] 		US Dance
[93] 		CAN
[94] 		UK
[95] 		AUS
[96] 		AUT
[97] 		BEL
[98] 		FRA
[99] 		GER
[100] 		IRL
[101] 		ITA
[102] 		NED
[103] 		NOR
[104] 		NZ
[105] 		SWE
[106] 		SWI
[107]
1984 "Hold Me" (with Teddy Pendergrass) 46 5 6 ― ― 44[A] ― ― 23[A] ― ― 25[A] ― 24[A] ― ― ― ―
1985 "You Give Good Love" 3 1 4 ― 7 93 58 ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― 44 ― ―
"All at Once" ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― 2 ― ― ― 4[B] 5[108] ― ― ― ―
"Thinking About You" ― 10 ― 24 ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
"Saving All My Love for You" 1 1 1 ― 8 1 20 12 11 11 18 1 ― 16 10 5 ― 5
1986 "How Will I Know" 1 1 1 3 1 5 2 28 20 ― 26 3 23 12 2 19 2 11
"Greatest Love of All" 1 2 1 ― 1 8 1 25 26 ― 30 4 13 24 ― 12 14 20
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

Note:

  • A^ Outside the United States, "Hold Me" was released and charted in January 1986.
  • B^ In Italy, "All at Once" charted number four in March 1987, after Houston performed the song at Sanremo Music Festival.

Chart procession and succession

Preceded by Billboard 200 number-one album
March 8 – April 19, 1986
May 17 – June 28, 1986 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Billboard Top Black Albums Chart number-one album
June 23–29, 1985
September 7 – October 5, 1985 		Succeeded by
Rock Me Tonight by Freddie Jackson
Rock Me Tonight by Freddie Jackson
Preceded by
1986 Way to Go by Various artists
True Blue by Madonna
 Australian Kent Music Report number-one album
June 2 – August 3, 1986
August 18–31, 1986 		Succeeded by
True Blue by Madonna
1986 Just for Kicks by Various artists
Preceded by Canadian RPM Top 100 Albums Chart number-one album
March 8 – July 11, 1986 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Sanremo '87 by Various artists
 Italian Albums Chart number-one album
February 21 - March 20, 1987 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Movin' by Jennifer Rush
Waiting for the Morning by Bobbysocks!
 Norwegian Albums Chart number-one album
10th week – 18th week, 1986
21st week, 1986 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Movin' by Jennifer Rush
 Swedish Albums Chart number-one album
March 19 – June 10, 1986 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Australian Kent Music Report Top Album of the Year
1986 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Canadian RPM magazine's Top Album of the Year
1986 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Billboard Top Black Album of the Year
1986 		Succeeded by

Accolades

American Black Achievement Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 Whitney Houston (herself) The Music Award[109] Nominated

American Music Awards

Houston holds the record for the most nominations from one album, thirteen nominations, six in 1986, and seven in 1987 respectively for her debut album Whitney Houston.

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist[77] Nominated
Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist[77] Nominated
Whitney Houston Favorite Soul/R&B Album[77] Nominated
"You Give Good Love" Favorite Soul/R&B Single[76] Won
Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Soul/R&B Video Artist[77] Nominated
"Saving All My Love for You" Favorite Soul/R&B Video[76] Won
1987 Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist[110][111] Won
Whitney Houston Favorite Pop/Rock Album[110][111] Won
Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Pop/Rock Female Video Artist[110] Nominated
Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist[110][111] Won
Whitney Houston Favorite Soul/R&B Album[110][111] Won
Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Soul/R&B Female Video Artist[110] Nominated
"Greatest Love of All" Favorite Soul/R&B Video Single[110][111] Won

Billboard Music Awards

The Billboard Music Awards, based on Billboard magazine's year-end charts, was not held before 1990. Nominated categories were those of which were ranked in Top 5 on the year-end charts. This is based on general numbers of nomination at the Billboard Music Awards.

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1985 Whitney Houston (herself) Top Black Artist of the Year[112] Nominated
New Pop Artist[113] Won
New Black Artist[113] Won
Top Pop Album Artist - Female[114] Nominated
Top Pop Singles Artist - Female[114] Nominated
Whitney Houston Top Black Album[115] Nominated
Whitney Houston (herself) Top Black Album Artist[115] Nominated
Top Black Singles Artist[116] Nominated
"You Give Good Love" Top Black Single[116] Nominated
"Saving All My Love for You" Top Black Single[116] Nominated
1986 Whitney Houston (herself) Top Pop Artist of the Year[45] Won
Top Black Artist of the Year[45] Nominated
Whitney Houston Top Pop Album[43][A] Won
Whitney Houston (herself) Top Pop Album Artist[44] Won
Top Pop Album Artist - Female[117] Won
Top Pop Singles Artist - Female[117] Nominated
Whitney Houston Top Black Album[118][A] Won
Whitney Houston (herself) Top Black Album Artist[119] Won
Top Adult Contemporary Artist[119] Nominated
The #1 Video Hits Top Music Videocassette[120] Nominated
Whitney Houston Top Pop Compact Disc[121] Nominated
  • A^ Whitney Houston was the first album by a female artist and the first debut album to earn those distinctions in single year.[122]

BRIT Awards (formerly "BPI Awards")

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1987 Whitney Houston (herself) Best International Solo Artist[123] Nominated

Cash Box Magazine Year-End Charts

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 Whitney Houston Top Pop Album of the Year[124] Won

Emmy Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 The 28th Annual Grammy Awards Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program[125] Won

Grammy Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 Whitney Houston Album of the Year[13] Nominated
"Saving All My Love for You" Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female[14] Won
"You Give Good Love" Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female[13] Nominated
Best Rhythm & Blues Song[13] Nominated
1987 "Greatest Love of All" Record of the Year[15] Nominated

MTV Video Music Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 "How Will I Know" Best Female Video[126] Won
Best New Artist in a Video[127] Nominated

NAACP Image Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1985 Whitney Houston (herself) Outstanding New Artist [128][129] Won
1986 Whitney Houston (herself) Outstanding Female Recording Artist[130] Nominated

The National Association of Recording Merchandisers(NARM) Best Seller Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 Whitney Houston Best-selling Album by a New Artist[131] Won
Best-selling Black Music Album by a Female Artist[131] Won

People's Choice Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1987 Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Female Musical Performer (tied with Madonna)[132] Won

Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) Awards

Year Date Title Format(s) Award Description(s) Result(s)
1985 June 24 Whitney Houston Album Gold[133] Won
August 26 Whitney Houston Album Platinum[133] Won
November 1 Whitney Houston Album 2× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
1986 February 14 Whitney Houston Album 3× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
March 24 Whitney Houston Album 4× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
May 1 Whitney Houston Album 5× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
June 12 Whitney Houston Album 6× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
September 18 Whitney Houston Album 7× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
1987 February 24 Whitney Houston Album 8× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
1988 October 6 Whitney Houston Album 9× Multi-Platinum[133] Won
1994 January 25 Whitney Houston Album 10× Multi-Platinum[134] Won
November 29 Whitney Houston Album 11× Multi-Platinum[135] Won
1995 April 5 Whitney Houston Album 12× Multi-Platinum[135] Won
December 6 "You Give Good Love" Single Gold[135] Won
"Saving All My Love for You" Single Gold[135] Won
"How Will I Know" Single Gold[135] Won
"Greatest Love of All" Single Gold[135] Won
1999 January 15 Whitney Houston Album Diamond[136] Won
July 29 Whitney Houston Album 13× Multi-Platinum[137] Won

Rolling Stone Magazine Readers/Critics Picks

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1986 Whitney Houston Best Album of the Year Won

Soul Train Music Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1987 Whitney Houston Album of the Year, Female[138] Nominated
"Greatest Love of All" Single of the Year, Female[138] Nominated

Billboard Magazine Year-End Charts

Categories which Houston was ranked #1, were excluded. See above awards list if you want to know her #1-ranked-categories.

Year Category Work Position
1985 Top Pop Artists of the Year[139] three charted albums & singles #21
Top Black Artists of the Year[112] four charted albums & singles #4
Top Pop Albums[140] Whitney Houston #29
Top Pop Album Artists[141] Whitney Houston #32
Top Pop Singles Artists[141] two charted singles #19
Top Pop Singles[142] "Saving All My Love for You" #23
"You Give Good Love" #47
Top Pop Album Artists - Female[114] Whitney Houston #5
Top Pop Singles Artists - Female[114] two charted singels #3
Top Black Singles Artists[116] three charted singles #3
Top Black Singles[116] "You Give Good Love" #2
"Saving All My Love for You" #5
Top Black Albums[115] Whitney Houston #4
Top Black Album Artists[115] Whitney Houston #5
Top Adult Contemporary Singles[143] "You Give Good Love" #16
"Saving All My Love for You" #27
Top Adult Contemporary Artists[143] two charted singles #7
Top Compact Disc Pop[144] Whitney Houston #25
1986 Top Black Artists of the Year[45] five charted singles & albums #2
Top Pop Singles Artists[145] three charted singles #7
Top Pop Singles[146] "How Will I Know" #6
"Greatest Love of All" #11
Top Pop Singles Artists - Female[117] three charted singles #3
Top Black Singles[147] "How Will I Know" #29
"Greatest Love of All" #46
Top Black Singles Artists[147] four charted singles #7
Top Dance Sales Singles/Albums[148] "How Will I Know" (Remix) #41
Top Dance Club Play Singles/Albums[148] "How Will I Know" (Remix) #46
Top Adult Contemporary Singles[149] "Greatest Love of All" #7
"How Will I Know" #19
Top Adult Contemporary Artists[119] three charted singles #3
Top Pop Compact Disc[121] Whitney Houston #2
Top Videocassette Sales[150] Whitney Houston The #1 Video Hits #40
1987 Top Pop Albums[151] Whitney Houston #22
Top Music Videocassettes[152] Whitney Houston The #1 Video Hits #5

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Paul Grein (July 5, 1986). Chart Beat: 'Youngster' Janet Jackson hits No.1. Billboard. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ a b c Paul Grein (May 17, 1986). Chart Beat: Houston has 3rd No.1 from debut. Billboard. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ a b "Whitney Houston on Canadian Albums Chart". RPM. 1986-03-08. Retrieved 2010-06-01. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ a b Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0646119176. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help) NOTE: Used for Australian Singles and Albums charting until ARIA created their own charts in mid-1988.
  5. ^ a b c "Whitney Houston on Norwegian Albums Chart". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c "Whitney Houston on Swedish Albums Chart". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c "Whitney Houston on UK Albums Chart". The Official Charts Company. March 1, 1986. Retrieved June 1, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ a b c "Whitney Houston on German Albums Chart". Media Control Charts. March 31, 1986. Retrieved June 1, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) [dead link‍]
  9. ^ a b c "Whitney Houston on Swiss Albums Chart". hitparade.ch. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
  10. ^ a b Larry Flick (March 27, 1999). Elton, Boyz, Joel Among Diamond Honorees. Billboard. Retrieved June 18, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ a b c "Whitney Houston, RIAA Certification". Recording Industry Association of America. July 29, 1999. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  12. ^ a b "Whitney Houston biography". ninemsn. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Tina, Whitney Top Picks for Annual Grammy Awards (p57). Jet. January 27, 1986. Retrieved January 14, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ a b c "We Are The World" Big Winner At 28th Grammys (p14). Jet. March 17, 1986. Retrieved January 14, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ a b c "The 29th Grammy Awards Nominees & Winners". rockonthenet.com. February 24, 1987. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  16. ^ "Rolling Stone The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Whitney Houston (The Deluxe Anniversary Edition) (CD/DVD) [Original recording remastered]". Amazon.com. January 26, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  18. ^ a b c d e Richard Corliss, Elizabeth L. Bland and Elaine Dutka (July 13, 1987). "Show Business: The Prom Queen of Soul (p6)". TIME. Retrieved June 18, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Review: Whitney Houston. Allmusic. Retrieved on 2009-08-07.
  20. ^ Rogers, Prentis. "Review: "Whitney Houston"". Atlanta Journal-Constitution: 22. March 30, 1985.
  21. ^ Christgau, Robert. "Review: Whitney Houston". The Village Voice: April 30, 1985. Archived from the original on 2009-08-07.
  22. ^ a b Liam Lacey (March 7, 1985). "Review: Whitney Houston". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ a b Columnist. Review: Whitney Houston. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2009-08-07. Note: Original star ratings represented by (*) are not reprinted at the url page.
  24. ^ a b Stephen Holden (May 12, 1985). "CRITICS' CHOICES; Pop Music (Whitney Houston, The New York Times Review)". New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ Columnist. "Review: Whitney Houston". Q: 160. December 1999.
  26. ^ a b Shewey, Don. Review: Whitney Houston. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2009-08-07.
  27. ^ a b Wete, Brad. "The Beginning: Whitney Houston". Vibe: 106. September 2008.
  28. ^ Larkin, Colin. "Review: Whitney Houston". Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music: March 1, 2002.
  29. ^ Allison Stewart (August 31, 2009). "Recordings: With 'I Look to You,' Whitney Houston Eyes a Comeback". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 17, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ Hilburn, Robert. "Hilburn's Best LPs of 85". Los Angeles Times: 60. January 19, 1986.
  31. ^ "Critics Top-10 Album Poll: Activism and Americanism". LA Times, Dec. 29 1985. Pg 61.
  32. ^ "Definitive 200". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. 2007. Archived from the original on April 6, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Q magazine's 100 Women Who Rock The World", Q, January, 2002, retrieved January 15, 2010 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ Billy Johnson, Jr (June 25, 2010). "Brandy On Whitney Houston's Self-Titled Debut: Black Music Month Album Spotlight #15". Yahoo! Music. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
  35. ^ The Billboard Top Pop Albums chart listing for the week of March 30, 1985. Billboard. March 30, 1985. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  36. ^ The Billboard Top Black Albums chart listing for the week of June 22, 1985. Billboard. June 22, 1985. Retrieved June 18, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  37. ^ The Billboard Top Pop Albums chart listing for the week of August 31, 1985. Billboard. August 31, 1985. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  38. ^ The Billboard Top Pop Albums chart listing for the week of March 8, 1986. Billboard. March 8, 1986. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  39. ^ Paul Grein (March 8, 1986). Chart Beat: Houston climbs to the top in 50 weeks. Billboard. Retrieved June 17, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  40. ^ DeKnock, Jan. "It Was A Short Run For Mr. Mister's 'Double'" Chicago Tribune. Mar 7 1986, Page 48.
  41. ^ "Whitney Houston total staying number of weeks on Billboard 200 chart". Billboard. June 28, 1986. Retrieved June 18, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  42. ^ Kolson, Ann. "At The Top Whitney Houston, Groomed For Stardom, Swiftly Ascended To Startling Heights". Philadelphia Inquirer. August 27, 1986. Pg G1.
  43. ^ a b Billboard 1986 The Year in Music & Video Year-End Charts - Top Pop Album. Billboard. December 27, 1986. Retrieved June 28, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  44. ^ a b Billboard 1986 The Year in Music & Video Year-End Charts - Top Pop Album Artist. Billboard. December 27, 1986. Retrieved June 28, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  45. ^ a b c d Billboard 1986 The Year in Music & Video Year-End Charts - Top Pop Artist of the Year & Top Black Artist of the Year. Billboard. December 27, 1986. Retrieved June 28, 2010. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  46. ^ "Whitney Houston chart run on UK Albums chart". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  47. ^ a b "Whitney Houston The Deluxe Anniversary Edition". Sony BMG UK. Retrieved August 21, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  48. ^ "The best-selling albums of 1986 in UK". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  49. ^ a b "Whitney Houston, CRIA certification". CRIA. March 31, 1987. Retrieved January 2, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ "The RPM Top Pop Albums of 1986". RPM. December 27, 1986. Retrieved June 18, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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References

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