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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Trona stercoraria''
| name = ''Trona stercoraria''
| image = Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-11.JPG
| image =
| image_caption = A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], anterior end towards the right
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
Line 20: Line 20:
}}
}}


'''''Trona stercoraria''''' is a [[species]] of [[sea snail]], a [[cowry]], a marine [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Cypraeidae]], the cowries.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|225254|''Trona stercoraria'' |||WoRMS (2009). Trona stercoraria. Accessed through the [[World Register of Marine Species]] at <nowiki>http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225254</nowiki> on 23 October 2010}}</ref>
'''''Trona stercoraria''''', [[common name]] the '''Rat Cowry''' or '''Droppings Cowry''', is a [[species]] of [[sea snail]], a [[cowry]], a marine [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Cypraeidae]], the cowries.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|225254|''Trona stercoraria'' |||WoRMS (2009). Trona stercoraria. Accessed through the [[World Register of Marine Species]] at <nowiki>http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225254</nowiki> on 23 October 2010}}</ref>

⚫
==Description==
The shells of these common cowries reach on average {{convert|50|-|75|mm}} of length, with a minimum size of {{convert|26|mm}} and a maximum size of {{convert|97|mm}}. They are very variable in pattern and colour. The shape ranges from oval to rhomboidal. The surface is smooth and shiny, the basic color is bluish, greenish or greyish, but it can be completely dark brown or whitish. Normally there is a dense dark brown spotting on the dorsum. The wide margins are usually dark brown and the anterior and posterior canals end into well developed 'rostra'. The base may be purplish, light brown, pinkish or white, with a long and narrow aperture and long brown, beige or white fine teeth with brown spacing. The 'fossula' is considerably protruding.
{|
||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-1.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], dorsal view, anterior end towards the right]]
|||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-2.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], lateral view, anterior end towards the right]]
|||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-3.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], apertural view, anterior end towards the left]]
|}
⚫
==Distribution==
''Trona stercoraria'' occurs in west [[Africa]] along [[Cape Verdes]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]], [[Cameroon]], [[Gabon]], [[São Tomé Island]], [[Congo]] and [[Angola]].


==Habitat==
These cowries usually live in shallow waters under large rocks.



==Subspecies ==
==Subspecies ==
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* ''Trona stercoraria rattus'' (Lamarck, 1810) <ref>[http://www.gastropods.com/3/Shell_12153.shtml Gastropods.com :''Trona stercoraria stercoraria rattus'']; accessed : 23 October 2010</ref>
* ''Trona stercoraria rattus'' (Lamarck, 1810) <ref>[http://www.gastropods.com/3/Shell_12153.shtml Gastropods.com :''Trona stercoraria stercoraria rattus'']; accessed : 23 October 2010</ref>
* ''Trona stercoraria stercoraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) <ref>[http://www.gastropods.com/1/Shell_91.shtml Gastropods.com : ''Trona stercoraria stercoraria'']; accessed : 23 October 2010</ref> (synonyms : ''Cypraea conspurcata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea fasciata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea gibba'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea ligata Röding, P.F., 1798; ''Trona tumulosa'' Hidalgo, J.G., 1906; ''Trona cineracea'' Sulliotti, G.R., 1924)
* ''Trona stercoraria stercoraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) <ref>[http://www.gastropods.com/1/Shell_91.shtml Gastropods.com : ''Trona stercoraria stercoraria'']; accessed : 23 October 2010</ref> (synonyms : ''Cypraea conspurcata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea fasciata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea gibba'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea ligata Röding, P.F., 1798; ''Trona tumulosa'' Hidalgo, J.G., 1906; ''Trona cineracea'' Sulliotti, G.R., 1924)

⚫
==Description==
{{Empty section|date=May 2010}}

⚫
==Distribution==
{{Empty section|date=May 2010}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). ''Coquillages du Gabon'' [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon
* Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). ''Coquillages du Gabon'' [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon
* Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). Coquillages du Gabon [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon. 140, 75 plates pp.
* Lorenz & Hubert (2000). A guide to worldwide cowries. ConchBooks 1-584 page(s): 52
* Burgess, C.M. (1985) Cowries of the World. Gordon verhoef, Seacomber Publications, South Africa, Cape Town. XIV + 289 pp. page(s): 111


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225254 WoRMS]
*
* [http://www.gastropods.com/1/Shell_91.shtml Gastropods]
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}
* [http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id142839/ Biolib]



{{DEFAULTSORT:Trona Stercoraria}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trona Stercoraria}}

Revision as of 04:12, 10 June 2011

Trona stercoraria
A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, anterior end towards the right
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:
Cypraeoidea
Family:
Cypraeidae
Genus:
Trona
Species:
T. stercoraria
Binomial name
Trona stercoraria
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms[1]

Cypraea stercoraria Linnaeus, 1758 (basionym)

Trona stercoraria, common name the Rat Cowry or Droppings Cowry, is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.[1]

Description

The shells of these common cowries reach on average 50–75 millimetres (2.0–3.0 in) of length, with a minimum size of 26 millimetres (1.0 in) and a maximum size of 97 millimetres (3.8 in). They are very variable in pattern and colour. The shape ranges from oval to rhomboidal. The surface is smooth and shiny, the basic color is bluish, greenish or greyish, but it can be completely dark brown or whitish. Normally there is a dense dark brown spotting on the dorsum. The wide margins are usually dark brown and the anterior and posterior canals end into well developed 'rostra'. The base may be purplish, light brown, pinkish or white, with a long and narrow aperture and long brown, beige or white fine teeth with brown spacing. The 'fossula' is considerably protruding.

A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, dorsal view, anterior end towards the right
A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, lateral view, anterior end towards the right
A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, apertural view, anterior end towards the left

Distribution

Trona stercoraria occurs in west Africa along Cape Verdes, Senegal, Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, São Tomé Island, Congo and Angola.


Habitat

These cowries usually live in shallow waters under large rocks.


Subspecies

  • Trona stercoraria minima (Linnaeus, C., 1758) [2]
  • Trona stercoraria rattus (Lamarck, 1810) [3]
  • Trona stercoraria stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) [4] (synonyms : Cypraea conspurcata Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea fasciata Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea gibba Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea ligata Röding, P.F., 1798; Trona tumulosa Hidalgo, J.G., 1906; Trona cineracea Sulliotti, G.R., 1924)

References

  1. ^ a b Trona stercoraria. WoRMS (2009). Trona stercoraria. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225254 on 23 October 2010 .
  2. ^ Gastropods.com : Trona stercoraria minima; accessed : 23 October 2010
  3. ^ Gastropods.com :Trona stercoraria stercoraria rattus; accessed : 23 October 2010
  4. ^ Gastropods.com : Trona stercoraria stercoraria; accessed : 23 October 2010
  • Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). Coquillages du Gabon [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon
  • Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). Coquillages du Gabon [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon. 140, 75 plates pp.
  • Lorenz & Hubert (2000). A guide to worldwide cowries. ConchBooks 1-584 page(s): 52
  • Burgess, C.M. (1985) Cowries of the World. Gordon verhoef, Seacomber Publications, South Africa, Cape Town. XIV + 289 pp. page(s): 111
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