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|yearsactive = 1984&ndash;present <small>(acting)</small>
|yearsactive = 1984&ndash;present <small>(acting)</small>
|occupation = Actor, martial artist, director
|occupation = Actor, martial artist, director
|spouse = {{marriage|Maria Rodriguez|1980|1984}}<br />{{marriage|Cynthia Derderian|1985|1986}}<br />{{marriage|[[Darcy LaPier]]|1994|1997}} 1 child)<br />{{marriage|[[Gladys Portugues]]|1987|1992; 1999–present}} 2 children
|spouse = {{marriage|Maria Rodriguez|1980|1984}}<br />{{marriage|Cynthia Derderian|1985|1986}}<br />{{marriage|[[Darcy LaPier]]|1994|1997}} 1 child)<br />[[Gladys Portugues]](m. 1987-1992; 1999–present) 2 children
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}


Revision as of 03:47, 20 June 2011

"Van Damme" redirects here. For other uses, see Van Damme (disambiguation).
Jean-Claude Van Damme
Van Damme at Cannes Film Festival (2010)
Born
Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg
Occupation(s)Actor, martial artist, director
Years active1984–present (acting)
Spouse(s)
Maria Rodriguez
​
​
(m. 1980⁠–⁠1984)​

Cynthia Derderian
​
​
(m. 1985⁠–⁠1986)​

​
(m. 1994⁠–⁠1997)​
1 child)
Gladys Portugues(m. 1987-1992; 1999–present) 2 children

Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg (born 18 October 1960), professionally known as Jean-Claude Van Damme (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ klod vɑ̃ dam]), is a Belgian martial artist and actor,[1] best known for his martial arts action movies,[2] the most successful of which include Bloodsport (1988), Kickboxer (1989), Double Impact (1991), Universal Soldier (1992), Hard Target (1993), Timecop (1994), and JCVD (2008).[3] Due to his physique and his Belgian background, he is known as "The Muscles from Brussels."

After studying martial arts intensively from the age of ten, Van Damme achieved national success in Belgium as a martial artist and bodybuilder, earning the "Mr. Belgium" bodybuilding title.[4] He emigrated to the United States in 1982 to pursue a career in film, and achieved success with Bloodsport (1988), based on a story written by Frank Dux. He attained subsequent box office success with Timecop (1994), which grossed over $100 million worldwide and became his most financially successful film.

Early life

Van Damme was born in Sint-Agatha-Berchem (Brussels), Belgium, the son of Eliana and Eugène Van Varenberg, who was an accountant and owned a flower shop.[5][6] He began martial arts at the age of ten, enrolled by his father in a Shotokan karate school.[7] His styles consist of kickboxing, Shotokan karate, Muay Thai, and Taekwondo.[8] He eventually earned his black belt in karate.[9] He started lifting weights to improve his physique, which eventually led to a Mr. Belgium bodybuilding title.[4]

Career

Karate and kickboxing career

Jean-Claude Van Damme
BornJean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg
(1960-10-18) 18 October 1960 (age 64)
Berchem-Sainte-Agathe, Brussels, Belgium
Other namesThe Muscles from Brussels
JCVD
Van Damage
NationalityBelgium Belgian
Height1.77 m (5 ft 10 in)[10]
Weight80 kg (180 lb) (currently)[11]
73 kg (161 lb) (fighting weight)
StyleKickboxing, Muay Thai, Shotokan Karate, Taekwondo
TrainerClaude Goetz
Dominique Valera
Rank  black belt in Shotokan
Years active1976–1982 (martial arts)
Karate and kickboxing record
Total24
Wins23
By knockout22
Losses1
By knockout0

At the age of 12, Van Damme joined the Centre National De Karaté (National Center of Karate) under the guidance of Claude Goetz in France. Van Damme trained for four years and he earned a spot in the Belgian Karate Team.

He made his debut in 1976, at the age of 16.[12] Competing under his birth name of Jean Claude Van Varenberg, he was staggered by a round-house kick thrown by Toon Van Oostrum in Brussels, Belgium.[13] Van Damme was badly stunned, but came back to knock out Van Oostrum moments later. Jean-Claude ended the year by knocking out Roland Vedani in one round at Ingelmunster, Belgium [14].

In 1977, at the WAKO Open International in Belgium, Van Damme won a decision over fellow team mate Patrick Teugel[15]. At the same tournament, Jean-Claude scored a first round knockout over Andre Lemaire[16]. After six months of intense training and sparring, Master Goetz decided to unleash his prized pupil on the European Full-Contact scene. Jean-Claude won his first tournament by scoring three knockout victories in one evening. However, in a 1978 match for the Belgium lightweight title, he again lost a decision to Patrick Teugels.[17] Once again, the loss left an impact on Claude Goetz and a few months later at Iseghem, Belgium, Van Damme came back and knocked out Emile Leibman in the first round. In 1979, Jean-Claude and the Belgium Team became European Team Champions.[18]

Next, he faced Sherman Bergman, a kickboxer from Florida, USA with a long string of knockout victories. For the only time in his career, Van Damme was knocked to the canvas after absorbing a powerful left hook.[13] However, Jean-Claude climbed off the canvas and with a perfectly timed ax-kick, knocked Bergman out cold in 56 seconds of the first round. Van Damme ended 1979 with a stoppage of Gilberto (Gil) Diaz in one round.[19]

In 1980, Jean-Claude Van Damme defeated former Great Britain karate champion Michael J. Heming. Next, Van Damme scored a knockout over France's Georges Verlugels in two rounds. After these victories, Jean-Claude caught the attention of the European martial arts community. Professional Karate Magazine publisher and editor Mike Anders, and multiple European champion Geet Lemmens tabbed Jean-Claude Van Damme as an upcoming prospect. However, Jean-Claude's ambitions now focused in the direction of acting.

Van Damme ended his fight career at the Forest National in Brussels. He knocked Patrick Teugels down and scored a first round technical knockout victory. Teugels suffered a nose injury and was unable to continue.

Following the victory, Van Damme retired from martial arts competition. However, Van Damme made a comeback in 1981. In his first match he knocked out Henk Besselman of Holland in one round, and at the 1st Journée Des Arts Martiaux, Van Damme knocked out Lenny Leikman in 3 rounds.[20] His final fight record was 23–1 (22 Knockouts), with all wins being knockouts and his two losses being by decision.[21]

Van Damme will make a return to fighting and is scheduled to fight former boxing Olympic gold-medalist Somluck Kamsing in November 2011.[22] Early reports have named Las Vegas, USA, Moscow, Russia and Macau, China as locations for the bout but it now seems that the fight will take place at the Rajamangala National Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.[23] At the prospect of being the first man over the age of 50 to kickbox professionally, Van Damme stated that "it's kind of dangerous, but life is short."[24]

Hollywood

In 1982, Van Damme and childhood friend, Michel Qissi, moved to America in the hope of becoming action stars. They both were cast as extras in the film, Breakin'. After a small part in Missing In Action, Van Damme was next cast in the film No Retreat, No Surrender, as the role of the villain, Ivan the Russian. Van Damme worked for director John McTiernan for the 1987 film Predator as the titular alien, before being removed and replaced by Kevin Peter Hall.[25] His breakout film was Bloodsport, based on the alleged true story of Frank Dux. Shot on a 1.5 million dollar budget, it became a U.S. box-office hit in the spring of 1988. He then starred in the smaller budgeted film Cyborg. His last role for 1989 was Kurt Sloane in the successful Kickboxer. In this film, his character fought to avenge his brother who had been paralyzed by a Thai kickboxing champion (Qissi).[26]

Double Impact featured Van Damme in the dual role of Alex and Chad Wagner, two brothers fighting to avenge the deaths of their parents. This film reunited him with his former Bloodsport co-star, Bolo Yeung. He then starred opposite Dolph Lundgren in the action film Universal Soldier. While it grossed $36,299,898 in the U.S., it was an even bigger success overseas, making over $65 million, well over its modest $23 million budget, making it Van Damme's highest grossing film at the time.

Van Damme followed Nowhere To Run and Hard Target with Timecop in 1994. The film was a huge success, grossing over $100 million worldwide. In the film, Van Damme played a time traveling cop, who tries to prevent the death of his wife. It remains his highest grossing film to date.

After his role in the poorly received Street Fighter, his projects started to fail at the box office. The Quest (1996), which he directed; Maximum Risk (1996) and Double Team (1997) were box-office flops.

The 1999 film Universal Soldier: The Return which was also a box-office flop, and Van Damme's last theatrically released film until 2008. In 2003, Van Damme employed his dancing training in the music video for Bob Sinclar's Kiss My Eyes.

He returned to mainstream with limited theatrical release of the critically acclaimed film JCVD in 2008. Time magazine named Van Damme's performance in the film the second best of the year (after Heath Ledger's The Joker in The Dark Knight),[27] having previously stated that Van Damme "deserves not a black belt, but an Oscar".[28] Van Damme indicated while promoting the film, he experienced a period of homelessness "sleeping on the street and starving in L.A."[29]

Van Damme reprised his role as Luc Deveraux in the 2009 film Universal Soldier: Regeneration.

He was offered a lead role in Sylvester Stallone's latest film The Expendables. Stallone called Van Damme personally to offer him the role, but Van Damme turned it down, as he was due to be training for his upcoming fight with Somluck Kamsing. He has a series of film projects scheduled for 2011, including another Universal Soldier movie which will appear between 2011 and 2012, and the possibility to appear on the sequel to The Expendables.[30]

Personal life

Marriages and family

Van Damme has been married five times, including two marriages with bodybuilder and fitness competitor Gladys Portugues. Van Damme is the father of three children: Kristopher (born 1987), Bianca (born 1990), and Nicholas (born 1995).

Ballet

At the age of 16 he took up ballet, which he studied for five years. According to Van Damme, ballet "is an art, but it's also one of the most difficult sports. If you can survive a ballet workout, you can survive a workout in any other sport."[31] In the French-speaking world, Van Damme is well known for the picturesque aphorisms that he delivers on a wide range of topics (personal well-being, the environment, etc.) in a sort of Zen franglais.[32] Most famous and often quoted was his repeated use of the English word aware during an interview for a French channel, to convey the notion of self-awareness as a key to success.

Health and addiction

Van Damme had troubles with cocaine that started during 1995.[33] He entered a month-long rehabilitation program in 1996 but left it after only one week.[33][34] In 1996, he spent up to $10,000 a week on cocaine.[35] He is also reported to have experienced bipolar disorder.[33] A turning point in his health issues came in late 1997, after having signed divorce papers charging him with spousal abuse, and drug addiction.[33]

After the filming of the 1998 film Knock Off, Van Damme was diagnosed with rapid cycling bipolar disorder after becoming suicidal and started treatment on the bi-polar medication sodium valproate to stabilize his mood.[33] Thanks to long-term friend Raymond, he took his advice and entered drug rehab a second time, and successfully came clean in time to do other movies, along with made for video/cable movies.

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
1984 Breakin' Guy dancing in the background Uncredited
Monaco Forever Karate Man
Missing in Action Car Driver Stunt man
1986 No Retreat, No Surrender Ivan Krushensky
1988 Bloodsport Frank Dux Fight choreographer/Writer
Black Eagle Andrei
1989 Cyborg Gibson Rickenbacker
Kickboxer Kurt Sloane Writer
1990 Death Warrant Louis Burke
Lionheart Lyon Gaultier Fight choreographer
1991 Double Impact Alex Wagner/Chad Wagner Double role

MTV Movie Awards nomination for Most Desirable Male

1992 Universal Soldier Luc Deveraux/GR44
1993 Last Action Hero Himself Cameo
Hard Target Chance Boudreaux MTV Movie Awards nomination for Most Desirable Male
Nowhere to Run Sam Gillen MTV Movie Awards nomination for Most Desirable Male
Cyborg 2 Gibson Rickenbacker Archive footage
1994 Street Fighter Colonel William F. Guile Based on the video game of the same name
Timecop Max Walker Double role
Kickboxer 4 Kurt Sloane Archive footage, uncredited
1995 Sudden Death Darren McCord
1996 Maximum Risk Alain Moreau/Mikhail Suverov Double role
The Quest Christopher Dubois Directional debut

Writer

1997 Double Team Jack Quinn Razzie Award for Worst Screen Couple (with Dennis Rodman)
1998 Legionnaire Alain Lefevre Producer
Knock Off Marcus Ray
1999 Universal Soldier: The Return Luc Devereaux Producer, last theatrical release until JCVD
Inferno Eddie Lomax Film is also known as "Desert Heat"
2001 The Order Rudy Cafmeyer/Charles Le Vaillant Double role
Replicant Edward "The Torch" Garrotte/Replicant Double role
2002 Derailed Jacques Kristoff
2003 In Hell Kyle LeBlanc
2004 Wake of Death Ben Archer
Narco Jean's Ghost by Lenny
2006 The Hard Corps Phillip Sauvage
Second in Command Sam Keenan
The Exam Charles
2007 Until Death Anthony Stowe
2008 The Shepherd: Border Patrol Jack Robideaux
JCVD JCVD Return to mainstream with limited theatrical release

2008: Toronto Film Critics Association Awards nomination for Best Actor

2009: Chlotrudis Awards nomination for Best Actor

2009 Universal Soldier: Regeneration Luc Deveraux Limited theatrical release in Israel, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, India, Jordan, Lebanon, Italy, Japan, Pakistan
2011 Rzhevskiy protiv Napoleona Himself
Assassination Games Vincent Brazil Completed
Dragon Eyes[36] Tiano Post-Production
Kung Fu Panda 2[37] Master Croc First voice over in a theatrical release
Beur sur la ville colonel Merot Post-production
The Eagle Path[38] Frenchy Producer, Director and Writer
2012 Universal Soldier: A New Dimension Luc Deveraux Filming
2012 Dragon Eyes 2[39] Tiano Planned
TBA Six Bullets[39] Planned
2012 The Expendables 2[39] Pre-Production, Planned
TBA Metro Dog[40] Moscow policeman Planned
TBA Double Impact 2[41][42] Alex Wagner/Chad Wagner Double role, Planned
TBA Kung Fu Panda 3[43] Master Croc Planned
  • Van Damme has been cast in "dual roles" in a single film many times during his career. Most cases involve two distinct characters, but others (such as Timecop) involve the same character from different periods of time-travel. These scenes often necessitate special editing or blue-screen cinematography to have two versions of the actor interacting in the same scene.

TV

Year Title Episode Role
1996 Friends "The One After the Superbowl" Himself
2004 Las Vegas "Die Fast, Die Furious" Himself
2009 Robot Chicken "Maurice Was Caught" Himself, Rhett Butler, Dracula
2011 Jean-Claude Van Damme: Behind Closed Doors 1 season (8 episodes) Himself

Karate and kickboxing record

23 Wins (22 knockouts), 1 Losses , 0 Draws[44]
Result Record Opponent Method Date Round Time Event Location Notes
Thailand Somluck Kamsing 2012[45] Bangkok, Thailand
Win 23-1 Belgium Lenny Leikman KO 1982 3 1st Journée Des Arts Martiaux Brussels, Belgium
Win 22-1 Netherlands Henk Besselman KO 1981 1 1st Journée Des Arts Martiaux
Win 21-1 Belgium Patrick Teugels TKO (broken nose) March 8, 1980 1 Dominique Valera vs. Dan Macaruso at the Forest National (undercard) Brussels, Belgium
Win 20-1 Hungary Andres Kovac[46] KO 1980 2 European Professional Karate Association Retained the Professional Karate Association's European middleweight kickboxing championship.
Win 19-1 France Georges Verlugels KO March 1980 2 Professional Karate Association Brussels, Belgium Won the Professional Karate Association's European middleweight kickboxing championship.
Win 18-1 United Kingdom Michael J. Heming[8] TKO March 1980 2 European Professional Karate Association Won the European Karate Association's middleweight championship.[47]
Win 17-1 Algeria Bekim-Moussa Muhammad TKO March 1980 1 European Professional Karate Association Brussels, Belgium
Win 16-1 Algeria Mustapha-Ahmad Benamou KO March 1980 1 European Professional Karate Association Brussels, Belgium
Loss 15-1 Belgium Patrick Teugels Decision November 1979 2 W.A.K.O. World Championships 1979 Tampa, Florida, USA Tournament final bout.
Win 15-0 Portugal Gilberto Dias TKO (injury) November 1979 1 W.A.K.O. World Championships 1979 Tampa, Florida, USA Tournament semi-final bout.
Win 14-0 United States Sherman Bergman[21][48] KO (axe kick) November 1979 1 0:59 W.A.K.O. World Championships 1979 Tampa, Florida, USA Tournament quarter-final bout.
Win 13-0 Rolf Risberg KO 1979 1 World-All Styles Karate Organization Ingelmunster, Belgium
Win 12-0 Jacques Piniarski KO 1979 1 World-All Styles Karate Organization Opprebais, Belgium
Win 11-0 Belgium Andre Robaeys KO 1979 1 World-All Styles Karate Organization Mulhouse, Belgium
Win 10-0 Cyrille Nollet TKO 1978 1 World-All Styles Karate Organization Iseghem, Belgium
Win 9-0 Emile Leibman KO 1978 1 World-All Styles Karate Organization Iseghem, Belgium
Win 8-0 Orlando Lang TKO 1978 1 0:12 European Karate Union Antwerp, Belgium Tournament final bout.
Win 7-0 Michel Juvillier KO 1978 1 0:39 European Karate Union Antwerp, Belgium Tournament semi-final bout.
Win 6-0 Germany Eric Bruno Strauss[49] KO 1978 1 0:18 European Karate Union Antwerp, Belgium Tournament quarter-final bout.
Win 5-0 Belgium Andre Lemaire KO 1977 1 WAKO Open International Iseghem, Belgium
Win 4-0 Belgium Patrick Teugels Decision 1977 WAKO Open International Iseghem, Belgium
Win 3-0 Maurice Devos TKO 1977 1 Netherlands Kickboxing Federation Antwerp, Belgium
Win 2-0 Belgium Roland Vedani KO 1976 1 align='left'[[European Karate Union Ingelmunster, Belgium
Win 1-0 Belgium Toon Van Oostrum KO 1976 1 0:46 European Karate Union Brussels, Belgium

References

  1. ^ "The Career Makeover of Jean-Claude Van Damme". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  2. ^ Wallace, David (20 August 1991). "Will Van Damme Have Schwarzenegger's Kick?". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
  3. ^ Richards, David (4 September 1994). "FILM; Jean-Claude Van Damme, the, uh, Actor?". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  4. ^ a b Grobel, Lawrence (1 January 1995). "Playboy interview". Playboy.
  5. ^ "Jean-Claude Van Damme Biography (1960-)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  6. ^ "Jean-Claude van Damme Biography – Yahoo! Movies". Movies.yahoo.com. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  7. ^ "Why is he famous?". AskMen.com. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  8. ^ a b Stanley, John (2 April 1989). "Belgian Bruiser Muscles Into B-Movie Scene". San Francisco Chronicle.
  9. ^ Karate black belt[dead link‍]
  10. ^ Jean Claude Van Damme: Behind Closed Doors Episode 1 (1/3)
  11. ^ Official Facebook page
  12. ^ "PhimAnh – Jean-Claude Van Damme". Phimanh.vnexpress.net. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  13. ^ a b "Jean-Claude Van Damme fan site". 123allcelebs.com. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  14. ^ http://hollywoodaccessin.blogspot.com/2011/06/van-dam-biography.html
  15. ^ http://hollywoodaccessin.blogspot.com/2011/06/van-dam-biography.html
  16. ^ http://hollywoodaccessin.blogspot.com/2011/06/van-dam-biography.html
  17. ^ http://www.flickr.com/photos/10814403@N06/3405201943/in/photostream/
  18. ^ "CNK – Centre National de Karaté". Jcvandamme.net. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  19. ^ http://www.flickr.com/photos/10814403@N06/3405201561/
  20. ^ http://www.flickr.com/photos/10814403@N06/5047153155/
  21. ^ a b "Jean-Claude Van Damme at AllCelebs".
  22. ^ "http://www.fiveknuckles.com/mma-news/Jean-Claude-Van-Damme-to-fight-Somluck-Kamsing-in-K-1.html". FiveKnuckles.com. Retrieved 14 December 2009. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  23. ^ "Jean-Claude Van Damme vs Somluck Kamsing Fight Poster".
  24. ^ "Van Damme To fight again".
  25. ^ Haufrect, Ian T (2001). "If It Bleeds, We Can Kill It". 20th Century Fox. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ Bates, James (23 September 1994). "Van Damme Gains 'Franchise' Status". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
  27. ^ Corliss, Richard (3 November 2008). "The Top 10 Everything of 2008: Top 10 Movie Performances". Time. Time Warner. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
  28. ^ Corliss, Richard (13 November 2008). "Short List". Time. Time Warner. Retrieved 1 October 2009. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Rollings, Grant (6 February 2009). "Jean-Claude Van Damme interview". Sun. London, England. Van Damme: "My eldest son doesn't know how to deal with society because I over-protect him because of my last life of being on the street and sleeping on the street and starving in L.A. I didn't want him to have that."
  30. ^ url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xii6q2i9A8c&feature=related
  31. ^ Kim, Jae-Ha (14 April 1989). "Van Damme gets his kicks from acting now, not karate". Chicago Sun-Times.
  32. ^ "Abstract Thinker". Blog.eurnet.fr. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  33. ^ a b c d e Purse, Marcia (20 July 2009). "Jean-Claude Van Damme – Actor / Bipolar disorder, Cocaine and Abuse Charges". About.com. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  34. ^ Bloch, Jon P.; Naser, Jeffrey A. (2006). The everything health guide to adult bipolar disorder. Everything Books. p. 47. ISBN 9781593375850. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  35. ^ Herald Sun. Melbourne Australia. 8 April 1997. p. 24. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. ^ "Jean-Claude Van Damme confirmed for Joel Silver's 'Dragon Eyes ..." Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  37. ^ "Yeoh, Van Damme and Garber Join Kung Fu Panda Sequel". comingsoon.net.
  38. ^ "Jean-Claude Van Damme Official Website". Jeanclaudevandamme.be. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  39. ^ a b c Jean-Claude Van Damme interview 16-06-2011 (Flemish television)
  40. ^ "Sheldon Lettich about 'Metro Dog'". VanDammeFanz.
  41. ^ "Van Damme's Double Impact sequel inching closer". MovieHole.
  42. ^ Jean Claude Van Damme: Behind Closed Doors Episode 8 (2/3) on YouTube
  43. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Kung Fu Panda 3 Wants Chuck Norris!". MovieWeb.
  44. ^ "Video available on [[YouTube]]". {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  45. ^ Sheldon Lettich: JC said he's still planning to do it, but next year, in 2012.
  46. ^ http://www.flickr.com/photos/10814403@N06/3406013640/
  47. ^ ' From the Muscles of Brussels to a Dart to the Heart ', Suzanne Savill , Bristol Evening Post, 19 October 1984
  48. ^ Biography for Jean-Claude Van Damme at IMDb
  49. ^ "Celebrities : Jean-Claude Van Damme". Movie-collection.com. Retrieved 20 February 2010.

Further reading

  • Corcoran, John; Farkas, Emil (1988). Martial arts : traditions, history, people. New York City: Gallery Books. pp. 60, 265. ISBN 9780831758059. (Wako)
  • Corcoran, John; Farkas, Emil (1988). Martial arts : traditions, history, people. New York City: Gallery Books. pp. 285–286. ISBN 9780831758059. (PKA World Heavyweight Title)
  • Corcoran, John; Farkas, Emil (1988). Martial arts : traditions, history, people. New York City: Gallery Books. pp. 210, 393. ISBN 9780831758059. (Eku)
  • Soet, John Steven (March 1990). "Jean-Claude Van Damme". Inside Kung-Fu Presents: Martial Artists One on One. pp. 16–25.
  • Vandehey, Tim (April 1991). "Gunning for Van Damme". Karate Kung-Fu Illustrated.
  • "Jean-Claude Van Damme". Tre Today News. 31 December 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |name= ignored (help)

Sites

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean-Claude Van Damme.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Jean-Claude Van Damme.

Interviews

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