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During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (Wudai) (907-960), there are examples of Chinese emperors marrying Persian women.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jV9_YvgUmpsC&pg=PA74&dq=wudai+emperors+preferred+to+marry+persian+women+song+families+marry+women+from+arabia&hl=en&ei=5TwuTKeWL4T7lwfJwbnhCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=wudai%20emperors%20preferred%20to%20marry%20persian%20women%20song%20families%20marry%20women%20from%20arabia&f=false|title=The history of women's mosques in Chinese Islam: a mosque of their own|author=Maria Jaschok, Jingjun Shui|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=|page=74|isbn=0-7007-1302-6|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-29}}</ref>
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (Wudai) (907-960), there are examples of Chinese emperors marrying Persian women.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jV9_YvgUmpsC&pg=PA74&dq=wudai+emperors+preferred+to+marry+persian+women+song+families+marry+women+from+arabia&hl=en&ei=5TwuTKeWL4T7lwfJwbnhCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=wudai%20emperors%20preferred%20to%20marry%20persian%20women%20song%20families%20marry%20women%20from%20arabia&f=false|title=The history of women's mosques in Chinese Islam: a mosque of their own|author=Maria Jaschok, Jingjun Shui|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=|page=74|isbn=0-7007-1302-6|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-29}}</ref>


From the tenth to twelfth century, [[Persian people|Persian]] women were to be found in [[Guangzhou]] (Canton), some of them in the tenth century like [[Mei Zhu]] in the harem of the Emperor [[Liu Chang]], and in the twelfth century large numbers of Persian women lived there, noted for wearing mulitiple earrings and "quarrelsome dispositions".<ref name="Walter Joseph Fischel 1951 407">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=v68NAAAAIAAJ&q=persian+harem+southern+han&dq=persian+harem+southern+han&hl=en&ei=CesrTJzhD8OclgfClKXHCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA|title=Semitic and Oriental studies: a volume presented to William Popper, professor of Semitic languages, emeritus, on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday, October 29, 1949|author=Walter Joseph Fischel|year=1951|publisher=University of California Press|location=|page=407|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=CesrTJzhD8OclgfClKXHCQ&ct=result&id=zucsAQAAIAAJ&dq=persian+harem+southern+han&q=persian+harem+liu+ch%27ang+southern+han|title=University of California publications in Semitic philology, Volumes 11-12|author=University of California (1868-1952), University of California (System), University of California, Berkeley|year=1951|publisher=University of California Press|location=|page=407|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-29}}</ref> Multiple women originating from the [[Persian Gulf|Persian Gulf]] lived in Guangzhou's foreign quarter, they were all called "Persian women" (波斯婦 Po-ssu-fu or Bosifu).<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=TUtTTZvCLcL6lwfv-rmNCg&ct=result&id=rBIUAQAAMAAJ&dq=a+young+Persian+woman%2C+whom+he+doted+upon+so+much&q=persian+woman|title=Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issue 2|author=Tōyō Bunko (Japan). Kenkyūbu|year=1928|publisher=The Toyo Bunko|location=the University of Michigan|page=34|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=February 9 2011}}</ref>
From the tenth to twelfth century, [[Persian people|Persian]] women were to be found in [[Guangzhou]] (Canton), some of them in the tenth century like [[Mei Zhu]] in the harem of the Emperor [[Liu Chang]], and in the twelfth century large numbers of Persian women lived there, noted for wearing mulitiple earrings and "quarrelsome dispositions".<ref name="Walter Joseph Fischel 1951 407">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=v68NAAAAIAAJ&q=persian+harem+southern+han&dq=persian+harem+southern+han&hl=en&ei=CesrTJzhD8OclgfClKXHCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA|title=Semitic and Oriental studies: a volume presented to William Popper, professor of Semitic languages, emeritus, on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday, October 29, 1949|author=Walter Joseph Fischel|year=1951|publisher=University of California Press|location=|page=407|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=CesrTJzhD8OclgfClKXHCQ&ct=result&id=zucsAQAAIAAJ&dq=persian+harem+southern+han&q=persian+harem+liu+ch%27ang+southern+han|title=University of California publications in Semitic philology, Volumes 11-12|author=University of California (1868-1952), University of California (System), University of California, Berkeley|year=1951|publisher=University of California Press|location=|page=407|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-29}}</ref> Multiple women originating from the [[Persian Gulf]] lived in Guangzhou's foreign quarter, they were all called "Persian women" (波斯婦 Po-ssu-fu or Bosifu).<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=TUtTTZvCLcL6lwfv-rmNCg&ct=result&id=rBIUAQAAMAAJ&dq=a+young+Persian+woman%2C+whom+he+doted+upon+so+much&q=persian+woman|title=Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issue 2|author=Tōyō Bunko (Japan). Kenkyūbu|year=1928|publisher=The Toyo Bunko|location=the University of Michigan|page=34|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=February 9 2011}}</ref>


Some scholars did not differentiate between Persian and Arab, and some say that the Chinese called all women coming from the Persian Gulf "Persian Women".<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NlEbAAAAMAAJ&q=Arabs+enjoyed+virtually+the+rights+of+extraterritoriality.+They+brought+their+wives+who+were+known+to+the+Chinese+as+%22Persian+women.%22+Emperor+Kiu+Chang+of+the+Five+dynasties+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem&dq=Arabs+enjoyed+virtually+the+rights+of+extraterritoriality.+They+brought+their+wives+who+were+known+to+the+Chinese+as+%22Persian+women.%22+Emperor+Kiu+Chang+of+the+Five+dynasties+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem&hl=en&ei=0HRTTd-2NYL6lwfapcW6Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA|title=Isis, Volume 30|author=History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences|year=1939|publisher=Publication and Editorial Office, Dept. of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania|location=|page=120|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=February 9 2011}}</ref>
Some scholars did not differentiate between Persian and Arab, and some say that the Chinese called all women coming from the Persian Gulf "Persian Women".<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NlEbAAAAMAAJ&q=Arabs+enjoyed+virtually+the+rights+of+extraterritoriality.+They+brought+their+wives+who+were+known+to+the+Chinese+as+%22Persian+women.%22+Emperor+Kiu+Chang+of+the+Five+dynasties+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem&dq=Arabs+enjoyed+virtually+the+rights+of+extraterritoriality.+They+brought+their+wives+who+were+known+to+the+Chinese+as+%22Persian+women.%22+Emperor+Kiu+Chang+of+the+Five+dynasties+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem&hl=en&ei=0HRTTd-2NYL6lwfapcW6Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA|title=Isis, Volume 30|author=History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences|year=1939|publisher=Publication and Editorial Office, Dept. of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania|location=|page=120|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=February 9 2011}}</ref>

Revision as of 21:08, 1 July 2011

Iranian people in China
Religion
Not known
Related ethnic groups
Iranian peoples

Iranian people in China have lived in China throughout various periods in Chinese history.

History

The Parthian Iranians An Shigao and An Xuan introduced Buddhism to China.

The sister of the Sassanian Prince Peroz II was married to the Chinese Emperor, who allowed Sassanian noble refugees fleeing from the Arab conquest to settle in China.[1]

Iranian girls as dancers were highly regarded in China during this period. During the Sui dynasty, ten young dancing girls were sent from Persia to China. In the Tang dynasty Bars were often attended by Iranian or Sogdian waitresses who performed dances for clients. Dancers were sent as gifts. Whirl dances were often performed by Iranian girls. Some of these iranian, Central asian, and Sogdian girls and blue eyes and blonde hair.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Blue eyed Greek and Persian girls danced in bars and clubs in China during this period.[14] Persian girls in Tang dynasty China in Chang'an brought horse riding to the Chinese.[15]

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (Wudai) (907-960), there are examples of Chinese emperors marrying Persian women.[16]

From the tenth to twelfth century, Persian women were to be found in Guangzhou (Canton), some of them in the tenth century like Mei Zhu in the harem of the Emperor Liu Chang, and in the twelfth century large numbers of Persian women lived there, noted for wearing mulitiple earrings and "quarrelsome dispositions".[17][18] Multiple women originating from the Persian Gulf lived in Guangzhou's foreign quarter, they were all called "Persian women" (波斯婦 Po-ssu-fu or Bosifu).[19]

Some scholars did not differentiate between Persian and Arab, and some say that the Chinese called all women coming from the Persian Gulf "Persian Women".[20]

The young chinese Emperor Liu Chang of the Southern Han dynasty kept a harem of Persian girls, including one girl he nicknamed Mei Zhu, which means "Beautiful Pearl"(媚珠) or "seductive pig"(媚猪). During the first year of his reign, he was not over sixteen years old when he had a taste for intercourse with Persian girls.[21] He was notorious for his sexual debauchary with her.[22][23][24] He had a predeliction for persian girls and wantonly engaged in sexual activity with them in a rear palace at Canton. Having sex and playing with persian girls took away so much of his time that he never emerged to conduct official affairs.[17][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] When he received four Persian girls, he was in with them all day and night.[32] Since he trusted state affairs to eunuchs, Liu was free to spend his days with Persian girls in his harem.[33] Liu Chang also had a Persian princess in his harem.[34]

A village dating back 600 years in Yungju in Jiangsu province, China, has inhabitants descended from Iranians. It has 27,000 people, and Icontains Iranian places names like Fars and Parsian.[35]

Of the Chinese Li family in Quanzhou, Li Nu, the son of Li Lu, visited Hormuz in Persia in 1376, married a Persian or an Arab girl, and brought her back to Quanzhou. Li Nu was the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty reformer Li Chih.[36][37]

See also

References

  1. ^ Kaveh Farrokh (2007). Shadows in the desert: ancient Persia at war. Osprey Publishing. p. 274. ISBN 1846031087. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  2. ^ Ryōtarō Shiba (2003). Kukai the universal: scenes from his life. ICG Muse. ISBN 4-925080-47-4. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  3. ^ Victor H. Mair (1996). The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press. p. 485. ISBN 0-231-07429-8. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  4. ^ Amnon Shiloah (2003). Music in the World of Islam. Wayne State University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-8143-2970-5. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  5. ^ Edward H. Schafer (1963). The golden peaches of Samarkand: a study of Tʻang exotics. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-520-05462-8. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  6. ^ Naotaro Kudo (1969). The life and thoughts of Li Ho: the Tʾang poet. Waseda University. p. 62. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  7. ^ Eliot Weinberger (2009). Oranges & Peanuts for Sale. New Directions Publishing. p. 117. ISBN 0-8112-1834-1. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  8. ^ Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Anne Walthall, James Palais (2008publisher=Cengage Learning). Pre-modern East Asia: to 1800: a cultural, social, and political history. p. 97. ISBN 0-547-00539-3. Retrieved 2010-06-29. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: year (link)
  9. ^ Mohammad Adnan Bakhit (2000). History of humanity. UNESCO. p. 423. ISBN 92-3-102813-8. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  10. ^ Jane Gaston Mahler (1959). The Westerners among the figurines of the T'ang dynasty of China. Instituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. p. 19. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  11. ^ Universiṭat Tel-Aviv. Faḳulṭah le-omanuyot (1993). ASSAPH.: Studies in the theatre, Issues 9-12. Faculty of Visual and Performing Arts, Tel Aviv University. p. 89. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  12. ^ Avraham Oz, Universiṭat Tel-Aviv. Faḳulṭah le-omanuyot (1993). ASSAPH.: Studies in the theatre, Issues 9-12. Faculty of Visual and Performing Arts, Tel Aviv University. p. 89. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  13. ^ Tōyō Bunko (Japan). Memoirs of the Research Department, Issue 20. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  14. ^ Naotaro Kudo (1969). The life and thoughts of Li Ho: the Tʼang poet, Volume 1. Waseda University. p. 62. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  15. ^ Ryōtarō Shiba (2003). Kukai the universal: scenes from his life. ICG Muse. p. 127. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  16. ^ Maria Jaschok, Jingjun Shui (2000). The history of women's mosques in Chinese Islam: a mosque of their own. Routledge. p. 74. ISBN 0-7007-1302-6. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  17. ^ a b Walter Joseph Fischel (1951). Semitic and Oriental studies: a volume presented to William Popper, professor of Semitic languages, emeritus, on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday, October 29, 1949. University of California Press. p. 407. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  18. ^ University of California (1868-1952), University of California (System), University of California, Berkeley (1951). University of California publications in Semitic philology, Volumes 11-12. University of California Press. p. 407. Retrieved 2010-06-29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Tōyō Bunko (Japan). Kenkyūbu (1928). Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issue 2. the University of Michigan: The Toyo Bunko. p. 34. Retrieved February 9 2011. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  20. ^ History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences (1939). Isis, Volume 30. Publication and Editorial Office, Dept. of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania. p. 120. Retrieved February 9 2011. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  21. ^ 文人誤會：宋真宗寫錯了一個字（5）
  22. ^ 第二十九回霞裾云幄启巫风斗虎抵象残民命
  23. ^ 第二十九回霞裾云幄启巫风斗虎抵象残民命
  24. ^ [1]
  25. ^ Xiu Ouyang, Richard L. Davis (2004). Historical records of the five dynasties. New York City: Columbia University Press. p. 544. ISBN 0-231-12826-6. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  26. ^ Edward H. Schafer (1985). The vermilion bird: T'ang images of the South. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 187. ISBN 0-520-05463-6. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  27. ^ Kyōto Daigaku. Jinbun Kagaku Kenkyūjo (1954). Silver jubilee volume of the Zinbun-Kagaku-Kenkyusyo, Kyoto University, Volume 2. The University. p. 364. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  28. ^ Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for the year …, Volumes 23-24. The Branch, 1967. 1967. p. 299. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  29. ^ University of California (1868–1952), University of California (System), University of California, Berkeley (1951). University of California publications in Semitic philology, Volumes 11-12. University of California Press. p. 407. Retrieved 2010-06-29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 24. Kelly & Walsh. 1890. p. 299. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  31. ^ Rewriting the Southern Han (917–971): The Production of Local Culture in Nineteenth-Century Guangzhou, by Steven B. Miles of Southern Illinois University
  32. ^ [2]
  33. ^ Herbert Franke (1976). persian girls&q=persian girls Sung biographies, Volume 2. Steiner. p. 620. ISBN 3515024123. Retrieved 2010-06-29. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  34. ^ HONG KONG BEFORE THE CHINESE THE FRAME, THE PUZZLE AND THE MISSING PIECES A lecture delivered on 18trh November 1963 by K. M. A. Barnett
  35. ^ "In China, a 600-year-old Village Continues Iranian Tradition". The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS). 23 July 2003.
  36. ^ Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor;Michigan) (1976), A-L, Volumes 1-2, Columbia University Press, p. 817, ISBN 0231038011, retrieved 2010-06-29{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ Chen, Da-Sheng. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS vii. Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
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