French India Socialist Party: Difference between revisions
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The '''French India Socialist Party''' ({{lang-fr|Parti socialiste de l'Inde française}}) was a [[political party]] in [[French India]]. The party was led by [[Edouard Goubert]], Minister for General Administration for French India.<ref name="i311">http://books.google.com/books?id=ySMYAQAAIAAJ p. 311</ref> |
The '''French India Socialist Party''' ({{lang-fr|Parti socialiste de l'Inde française}}) was a [[political party]] in [[French India]]. The party was led by [[Edouard Goubert]], Minister for General Administration for French India.<ref name="i311">http://books.google.com/books?id=ySMYAQAAIAAJ p. 311</ref> The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony, being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France, but would eventually turn against French rule. |
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==Founding== |
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The party was founded in July 1947, after a split in the [[National Democratic Front (French India)|National Democratic Front]].<ref>Antony, Francis Cyril. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ucpFAQAAIAAJ Union Territory of Pondicherry]''. [Pondicherry]: Administration of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, 1982. p. 248</ref> The Socialist Party was founded by [[Edouard Goubert]], P. Counouma and Lambert Saravane. The new party quickly gained the support of the French colonial administration.<ref name="s66">http://books.google.com/books?id=bihuAAAAMAAJ p 66</ref><ref>Freedom movement in French India: the Mahe revolt of 1948 |
The party was founded in July 1947, after a split in the [[National Democratic Front (French India)|National Democratic Front]].<ref>Antony, Francis Cyril. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ucpFAQAAIAAJ Union Territory of Pondicherry]''. [Pondicherry]: Administration of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, 1982. p. 248</ref> The Socialist Party was founded by [[Edouard Goubert]], P. Counouma and Lambert Saravane. The new party quickly gained the support of the French colonial administration.<ref name="s66">http://books.google.com/books?id=bihuAAAAMAAJ p 66</ref><ref>Freedom movement in French India: the Mahe revolt of 1948 |
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p. 99</ref><ref>Markovits, Claude. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uzOmy2y0Zh4C&pg=PA518 A history of modern India, 1480-1950]''. London: Anthem, 2004. p. 518</ref> The party was able to gain strong support from anti-communist urban middle-class Pondycherrites, who were opposed to the [[Communist Party of French India|Communist Party]] leader [[V. Subbiah]].<ref name="s66"/> |
p. 99</ref><ref>Markovits, Claude. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uzOmy2y0Zh4C&pg=PA518 A history of modern India, 1480-1950]''. London: Anthem, 2004. p. 518</ref> The party was able to gain strong support from anti-communist urban middle-class Pondycherrites, who were opposed to the [[Communist Party of French India|Communist Party]] leader [[V. Subbiah]].<ref name="s66"/> |
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==Role in Pondicherry politics== |
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Under Goubert's leadership, the French India Socialist Party avoided to take any clear position on the issue of merger with the [[Indian Union]] claiming that such a question was up to the people of the colony to decide.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA16 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. pp. 16-17</ref> |
Under Goubert's leadership, the French India Socialist Party avoided to take any clear position on the issue of merger with the [[Indian Union]] claiming that such a question was up to the people of the colony to decide.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA16 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. pp. 16-17</ref> |
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The party fielded candidates for all of the 102 seats in the [[Pondicherry district]] for the August 1948 municipal polls.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA15 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 15</ref> The elections were reportedly heavily rigged in Goubert's favour.<ref name="f17"/> All 102 French India Socialist Party candidates emerged victorious.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=H1COAAAAMAAJ p. 210</ref> |
The party fielded candidates for all of the 102 seats in the [[Pondicherry district]] for the August 1948 municipal polls.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA15 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 15</ref> The elections were reportedly heavily rigged in Goubert's favour.<ref name="f17"/> All 102 French India Socialist Party candidates emerged victorious.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=H1COAAAAMAAJ p. 210</ref> |
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The pro-Merger parties boycotted the December 16, 1951 general and municipal polls, and thus the elections were easily won by the French India Socialist Party. Goubert continued as the Minister for General Administation.<ref name="i311"/> |
The pro-Merger parties boycotted the December 16, 1951 general and municipal polls, and thus the elections were easily won by the French India Socialist Party. Goubert continued as the Minister for General Administation.<ref name="i311"/> |
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==Turn towards Merger== |
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Goubert had established a vast smuggling enterprise in Pondicherry, a fact that was well-known at the time. On March 6, 1954 French authorities charged Goubert with fiscal fraud.<ref name="u0"/> Other Socialist Party leaders were booked under corruption charges as well.<ref name="p0"/> Rapidly the relations between the colonial administration and the Socialist Party went sour.<ref name="u0">http://books.google.com/books?id=LkpGTHIlCZgC&pg=PA37</ref>Politically, the French India Socialist Party made a sharp turn in its policy towards favouring a merger with the Indian Union.<ref name="p0"/> The French authorities replied by stepping up the pressure on the party and its leaders. In some instances party members were attacked. Goubert and Mouttoupoulle (mayor of Pondicherry) went underground to evade capture. The party began to planning to build a parallel administration in the peripheries of the Pondicherry district.<ref name="p0">Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA22 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 22</ref> The party was able to use its dominance of local communities, which had been established with French patronage, to mobilize resistance against French rule.<ref name="u0"/> The civil disobiedience campaign of the Socialist Party (with support from other nationalist parties) was launched on March 27, 1954.<ref>Chatterjee, Ramananda. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iDXQAAAAMAAJ The Modern Review]'', Volume 95. Calcutta, India: The Modern Review Office, 1954. p. 268</ref> The Socialist Party resistance campaign was crucial in destablizing French control over the colony.<ref name="u0"/> |
Goubert had established a vast smuggling enterprise in Pondicherry, a fact that was well-known at the time. On March 6, 1954 French authorities charged Goubert with fiscal fraud.<ref name="u0"/> Other Socialist Party leaders were booked under corruption charges as well.<ref name="p0"/> Rapidly the relations between the colonial administration and the Socialist Party went sour.<ref name="u0">http://books.google.com/books?id=LkpGTHIlCZgC&pg=PA37</ref>Politically, the French India Socialist Party made a sharp turn in its policy towards favouring a merger with the Indian Union.<ref name="p0"/> The French authorities replied by stepping up the pressure on the party and its leaders. In some instances party members were attacked. Goubert and Mouttoupoulle (mayor of Pondicherry) went underground to evade capture. The party began to planning to build a parallel administration in the peripheries of the Pondicherry district.<ref name="p0">Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA22 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 22</ref> The party was able to use its dominance of local communities, which had been established with French patronage, to mobilize resistance against French rule.<ref name="u0"/> The civil disobiedience campaign of the Socialist Party (with support from other nationalist parties) was launched on March 27, 1954.<ref>Chatterjee, Ramananda. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iDXQAAAAMAAJ The Modern Review]'', Volume 95. Calcutta, India: The Modern Review Office, 1954. p. 268</ref> The Socialist Party resistance campaign was crucial in destablizing French control over the colony.<ref name="u0"/> |
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In May 1954, following the formation of the French India Liberation Council in Nettapakkam on May 17, the party adopted the name '''French India Liberation Congress'''.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA26 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 26</ref> |
In May 1954, following the formation of the French India Liberation Council in Nettapakkam on May 17, the party adopted the name '''French India Liberation Congress'''.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA26 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 26</ref> |
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==Affiliations== |
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| ⚫ | The French India Socialist Party was not affiliated with neither the [[Socialist Party of India]] nor the [[SFIO|French Socialist Party (SFIO)]].<ref name="f17">http://books.google.com/books?id=-L5BAAAAYAAJ p. 17</ref> It was linked to the UDSR in France.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=OccaAQAAMAAJ p. 634</ref> In [[Mahe]] there was a local [[Mahe Socialist Party|Socialist Party]], with no links to Goubert's French India Socialist Party.<ref name="oc">http://cidif.go1.cc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=197&Itemid=3#_ftnref14</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 01:02, 2 July 2011
 | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (June 2011) |
French India Socialist Party Parti socialiste de l'Inde française | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Edouard Goubert |
| Founded | July 1947 |
| Split from | National Democratic Front |
| National affiliation | Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance |
| Municipal council seats in Pondicherry district (1948) | 102 / 102
|
The French India Socialist Party (Template:Lang-fr) was a political party in French India. The party was led by Edouard Goubert, Minister for General Administration for French India.[1] The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony, being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France, but would eventually turn against French rule.
Founding
The party was founded in July 1947, after a split in the National Democratic Front.[2] The Socialist Party was founded by Edouard Goubert, P. Counouma and Lambert Saravane. The new party quickly gained the support of the French colonial administration.[3][4][5] The party was able to gain strong support from anti-communist urban middle-class Pondycherrites, who were opposed to the Communist Party leader V. Subbiah.[3]
Role in Pondicherry politics
Under Goubert's leadership, the French India Socialist Party avoided to take any clear position on the issue of merger with the Indian Union claiming that such a question was up to the people of the colony to decide.[6]
The party fielded candidates for all of the 102 seats in the Pondicherry district for the August 1948 municipal polls.[7] The elections were reportedly heavily rigged in Goubert's favour.[8] All 102 French India Socialist Party candidates emerged victorious.[9]
The pro-Merger parties boycotted the December 16, 1951 general and municipal polls, and thus the elections were easily won by the French India Socialist Party. Goubert continued as the Minister for General Administation.[1]
Turn towards Merger
Goubert had established a vast smuggling enterprise in Pondicherry, a fact that was well-known at the time. On March 6, 1954 French authorities charged Goubert with fiscal fraud.[10] Other Socialist Party leaders were booked under corruption charges as well.[11] Rapidly the relations between the colonial administration and the Socialist Party went sour.[10]Politically, the French India Socialist Party made a sharp turn in its policy towards favouring a merger with the Indian Union.[11] The French authorities replied by stepping up the pressure on the party and its leaders. In some instances party members were attacked. Goubert and Mouttoupoulle (mayor of Pondicherry) went underground to evade capture. The party began to planning to build a parallel administration in the peripheries of the Pondicherry district.[11] The party was able to use its dominance of local communities, which had been established with French patronage, to mobilize resistance against French rule.[10] The civil disobiedience campaign of the Socialist Party (with support from other nationalist parties) was launched on March 27, 1954.[12] The Socialist Party resistance campaign was crucial in destablizing French control over the colony.[10]
In May 1954, following the formation of the French India Liberation Council in Nettapakkam on May 17, the party adopted the name French India Liberation Congress.[13]
Affiliations
The French India Socialist Party was not affiliated with neither the Socialist Party of India nor the French Socialist Party (SFIO).[8] It was linked to the UDSR in France.[14] In Mahe there was a local Socialist Party, with no links to Goubert's French India Socialist Party.[15]
References
- ^ a b http://books.google.com/books?id=ySMYAQAAIAAJ p. 311
- ^ Antony, Francis Cyril. Union Territory of Pondicherry. [Pondicherry]: Administration of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, 1982. p. 248
- ^ a b http://books.google.com/books?id=bihuAAAAMAAJ p 66
- ^ Freedom movement in French India: the Mahe revolt of 1948 p. 99
- ^ Markovits, Claude. A history of modern India, 1480-1950. London: Anthem, 2004. p. 518
- ^ Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. pp. 16-17
- ^ Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 15
- ^ a b http://books.google.com/books?id=-L5BAAAAYAAJ p. 17
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=H1COAAAAMAAJ p. 210
- ^ a b c d http://books.google.com/books?id=LkpGTHIlCZgC&pg=PA37
- ^ a b c Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 22
- ^ Chatterjee, Ramananda. The Modern Review, Volume 95. Calcutta, India: The Modern Review Office, 1954. p. 268
- ^ Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 26
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=OccaAQAAMAAJ p. 634
- ^ http://cidif.go1.cc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=197&Itemid=3#_ftnref14