Three Musketeers (Supreme Court): Difference between revisions
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The "'''Three Musketeers'''" was the nickname given to three liberal members during the 1932-1937 terms of the [[United States Supreme Court]], who generally supported the [[New Deal]] agenda of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]. They were [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Justices]] [[Louis Brandeis]], [[Benjamin N. Cardozo]], and [[Harlan Fiske Stone]].<ref>White, at 81.</ref> They were opposed by the [[Four Horsemen (Supreme Court)|Four Horsemen]], consisting of Justices [[James Clark McReynolds]], [[George Sutherland]], [[Willis Van Devanter]], and [[Pierce Butler (justice)|Pierce Butler]]. [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[Charles Evans Hughes]] and Justice [[Owen J. Roberts]] controlled the balance. |
The "'''Three Musketeers'''" was the nickname given to three liberal members during the 1932-1937 terms of the [[United States Supreme Court]], who generally supported the [[New Deal]] agenda of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]. They were [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Justices]] [[Louis Brandeis]], [[Benjamin N. Cardozo]], and [[Harlan Fiske Stone]].<ref>White, at 81.</ref> They were opposed by the [[Four Horsemen (Supreme Court)|Four Horsemen]], consisting of Justices [[James Clark McReynolds]], [[George Sutherland]], [[Willis Van Devanter]], and [[Pierce Butler (justice)|Pierce Butler]]. [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[Charles Evans Hughes]] and Justice [[Owen J. Roberts]] controlled the balance. |
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During the 1935 term, the Four Horsemen would often ride together to and from Court in order to coordinate their positions. |
During the 1935 term, the Four Horsemen would often ride together to and from Court in order to coordinate their positions. The Three Musketeers would meet at Brandeis's apartment on Friday afternoons. However, the Four Horsemen held sway, until Roosevelt's [[Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937|court-packing scheme]]. In 1937, in the "[[The switch in time that saved nine|switch in time that saved nine]]," Roberts and Hughes switched to the liberal side in several key decisions; within a year, Van Devanter and Sutherland retired to be replaced by [[Hugo Black]] and [[Stanley Forman Reed|Stanley Reed]], strong New Dealers. This ended the Four Horsemen's sway. By 1941, Brandeis, Cardozo, Butler, McReynolds, and Hughes were also gone. Only Stone and Roberts remained, and by then Stone had been elevated to the position of Chief Justice. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 01:03, 8 July 2011
- This page is about three liberal Supreme Court Justices. For other uses, see Three Musketeers.
The "Three Musketeers" was the nickname given to three liberal members during the 1932-1937 terms of the United States Supreme Court, who generally supported the New Deal agenda of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. They were Justices Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, and Harlan Fiske Stone.[1] They were opposed by the Four Horsemen, consisting of Justices James Clark McReynolds, George Sutherland, Willis Van Devanter, and Pierce Butler. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and Justice Owen J. Roberts controlled the balance.
During the 1935 term, the Four Horsemen would often ride together to and from Court in order to coordinate their positions. The Three Musketeers would meet at Brandeis's apartment on Friday afternoons. However, the Four Horsemen held sway, until Roosevelt's court-packing scheme. In 1937, in the "switch in time that saved nine," Roberts and Hughes switched to the liberal side in several key decisions; within a year, Van Devanter and Sutherland retired to be replaced by Hugo Black and Stanley Reed, strong New Dealers. This ended the Four Horsemen's sway. By 1941, Brandeis, Cardozo, Butler, McReynolds, and Hughes were also gone. Only Stone and Roberts remained, and by then Stone had been elevated to the position of Chief Justice.
References
Sources
- White, G. Edward (2000). The Constitution and the New Deal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 385. ISBN 9780674008311.
Notes
- ^ White, at 81.
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