User:Alg04004/test: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 06:32, 21 July 2011

Primarily affecting females of the tribal Miskito people of Central America, grisi siknis is a culture-bound syndrome believed by Miskito natives to be contagious.^[1] Miskito people are a group of Indian tribes native to Honduras and Nicaragua.^[2] Dr. Phil Dennis, a Texas Tech University professor, describes grisi siknis as "typically characterized by longer periods of anxiety, nausea, dizziness, irrational anger and fear, interlaced with short periods of rapid frenzy, in which the victim 'lose[s] consciousness, believe[s] that devils beat them and have sexual relations with them' and runs away."^[1]

"An outbreak of mass hysteria is reported to have struck three indigenous communities living near the river Coco in northern Nicaragua. A total of 43 people have reportedly fallen ill with what is known locally as grisi siknis ("crazy sickness"). Doctors, anthropologists and sociologists who have studied previous cases of mass hysteria – also known as mass psychogenic illness – have so far failed to come up with any clear explanation for the phenomenon. Linda Geddes spoke to Elie Karam of St George Hospital University Medical Centre in Beirut, Lebanon, who studied an outbreak of mass hysteria in Lebanon during 2004, to discover what we currently know."^[3]

Three northern Nicaraguan communities, native to an area along the Coco River, have reportedly been affected by a mass outbreak of hysteria attributed to grisi siknis, also known as "crazy sickness."^[4] Forty-three people have thus far been affected by this mass psychogenic illness, which continues to lack a precise cause. From a Beirut, Lebanon Medical Center, Elie Karam was consulted by the author Linda Geddes concerning the 2004 mass hysteria outbreak in Lebanon.^[3]

^ ^a ^b Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. (2011, June 20). FL: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved August 10, 2004, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisi_siknis#cite_note-Dennis_445-505-0.
^ Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. (2011, June 20). FL: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved August 10, 2004, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miskito_people.
^ ^a ^b Geddes, Linda. (2009, March 11). Mass Hysteria Breaks Out in Central America. Retrieved from News Scientist website: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16743-mass-hysteria-breaks-out-in-central-america.html.
^ [1]

Geddes, Linda. (March 11, 2009). Mass hysteria breaks out in central America. News Scientist. Retrieved from http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16743-mass-hysteria-breaks-out-in-central-america.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=online-news.

Jamieson, Mark. (October 26, 2001). Masks and madness. Ritual expressions of the transition to adulthood among Miskitu adolescents. Social Anthropology. Retrieved from http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=88517.

Rogers, Tim. (April 29, 2009). Nicaraguans fall to 'crazy sickness'. Article from the Miami Herald in Free Republic. Retrieved from http://www.conservativeunderground.com/forum505/showthread.php?t=14009.

Ross, Nicola. (June 2006). Nicaragua's crazy sickness. The Walrus. Retrieved from http://www.walrusmagazine.com/articles/2006.06-anthropology-nicaragua-grisi-siknis/2/.

Wedel, Johan. (2009). Bridging the gap between western and indigenous medicine in eastern Nicaragua. Anthropological Notebooks, 15 (1): 49–64. Retrieved from http://www.drustvo-antropologov.si/AN/PDF/2009_1/Anthropological_Notebooks_XV_1_Wedel.pdf.

Widdicombe, Rupert. (December 17, 2003 02.39 GMT). Nicaragua village in grip of madness. "Doctors and traditional healers reach remote jungle community where 60 people are suffering from mysterious collective mania." "The Guardian" Retrieved from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/dec/17/1

[grisi-1] Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. (2011, June 20). FL: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved August 10, 2004, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisi_siknis#cite_note-Dennis_445-505-0.

[2] Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. (2011, June 20). FL: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved August 10, 2004, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miskito_people.

[multiple-3] Geddes, Linda. (2009, March 11). Mass Hysteria Breaks Out in Central America. Retrieved from News Scientist website: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16743-mass-hysteria-breaks-out-in-central-america.html.

[4] [1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Revision as of 06:31, 21 July 2011 edit 99.36.205.180 (talk) No edit summary ← Previous edit		Revision as of 06:32, 21 July 2011 edit undo 99.36.205.180 (talk) No edit summary Next edit →
Line 18:		Line 18:
	Wedel, Johan. (2009). Bridging the gap between western and indigenous medicine in eastern Nicaragua. ''Anthropological Notebooks'', 15 (1): 49–64. Retrieved from http://www.drustvo-antropologov.si/AN/PDF/2009_1/Anthropological_Notebooks_XV_1_Wedel.pdf.		Wedel, Johan. (2009). Bridging the gap between western and indigenous medicine in eastern Nicaragua. ''Anthropological Notebooks'', 15 (1): 49–64. Retrieved from http://www.drustvo-antropologov.si/AN/PDF/2009_1/Anthropological_Notebooks_XV_1_Wedel.pdf.

	Widdicombe, Rupert. (December 17, 2003 02.39 GMT). Nicaragua village in grip of madness. "Doctors and traditional healers reach remote jungle community where 60 people are suffering from mysterious collective mania." "''The Guardian''" Retrieved from: [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/dec/17/1]		Widdicombe, Rupert. (December 17, 2003 02.39 GMT). Nicaragua village in grip of madness. "Doctors and traditional healers reach remote jungle community where 60 people are suffering from mysterious collective mania." "''The Guardian''" Retrieved from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/dec/17/1