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|fam3=[[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]]
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'''Tsetsaut''' is an extinct [[Athabascan]] language formerly spoken in the [[Portland Canal]] area of northwestern [[British Columbia]]. Virtually everything known of the language comes from the limited material recorded by [[Franz Boas]] in 1894 from two Tsetsaut slaves of the [[Nisga'a]], which is enough to establish that Tsetsaut formed its own branch of Athabaskan. It is not known precisely when the language became extinct. One speaker was still alive in 1927. The [[Nisga'a language|Nisga'a name]] for the Tsetsaut people is "Jits'aawit"<ref>{{BCGNIS|53995|K'alii Xk'alaan}}</ref>
'''Tsetsaut''' is an extinct [[Athabascan]] language formerly spoken in the [[Portland Canal]] area of northwestern [[British Columbia]]. Virtually everything known of the language comes from the limited material recorded by [[Franz Boas]] in 1894 from two Tsetsaut slaves of the [[Nisga'a]], which is enough to establish that Tsetsaut formed its own branch of Athabaskan. It is not known precisely when the language became extinct. One speaker was still alive in 1927. The [[Nisga'a language|Nisga'a name]] for the Tsetsaut people is "Jits'aawit"<ref>{{BCGNIS|53995|K'alii Xk'alaan}}</ref>
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==


* Boas, Franz, and Pliny Earle Goddard (1924) "Ts'ets'aut, an Athapascan Language from Portland Canal, British Columbia." ''International Journal of American Linguistics,'' vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-35.
* Boas, Franz, and Pliny Earle Goddard (1924) "Ts'ets'aut, an Athapascan Language from Portland Canal, British Columbia." ''International Journal of American Linguistics,'' vol. 3, no. 1, pp.&nbsp;1–35.


* Collison, W. H. (1915) ''In the Wake of the War Canoe: A Stirring Record of Forty Years' Successful Labour, Peril and Adventure amongst the Savage Indian Tribes of the Pacific Coast, and the Piratical Head-Hunting Haida of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.'' Toronto: Musson Book Company. Reprinted by Sono Nis Press, Victoria, B.C. (ed. by Charles Lillard), 1981.
* Collison, W. H. (1915) ''In the Wake of the War Canoe: A Stirring Record of Forty Years' Successful Labour, Peril and Adventure amongst the Savage Indian Tribes of the Pacific Coast, and the Piratical Head-Hunting Haida of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.'' Toronto: Musson Book Company. Reprinted by Sono Nis Press, Victoria, B.C. (ed. by Charles Lillard), 1981.


* Dangeli, Reginald (1999) "Tsetsaut History: The Forgotten Tribe of Southern Southeast Alaska." In: ''Alaska Native Writers, Storytellers & Orators: The Expanded Edition,'' ed. by Ronald Spatz, Jeane Breinig, and Patricia H. Partnow, pp. 48-54. Anchorage: University of Alaska.
* Dangeli, Reginald (1999) "Tsetsaut History: The Forgotten Tribe of Southern Southeast Alaska." In: ''Alaska Native Writers, Storytellers & Orators: The Expanded Edition,'' ed. by Ronald Spatz, Jeane Breinig, and Patricia H. Partnow, pp.&nbsp;48–54. Anchorage: University of Alaska.


== References ==
== References ==
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*[http://www.ydli.org/langs/tsetsaut.htm First Nations Languages of British Columbia page]
*[http://www.ydli.org/langs/tsetsaut.htm First Nations Languages of British Columbia page]
{{Languages of Alaska}}
{{Languages of Alaska}}

[[Category:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of North America]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of North America]]
[[Category:Northern Athabaskan languages]]
[[Category:Northern Athabaskan languages]]
[[Category:North Coast of British Columbia]]
[[Category:North Coast of British Columbia]]


{{na-lang-stub}}
{{na-lang-stub}}
{{BritishColumbia-stub}}
{{BritishColumbia-stub}}


[[de:Tsetsaut]]
[[de:Tsetsaut]]
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[[nds:Tsetsault]]
[[pms:Lenga tsetsaut]]
[[pms:Lenga tsetsaut]]
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[[nds:Tsetsault]]
[[tr:Tsetsautça]]
[[tr:Tsetsautça]]

Revision as of 08:57, 22 July 2011

Tsetsaut
Wetaŀ
Native toCanada
RegionNorthern British Columbia
Extinctmid 20th century
Language codes
ISO 639-3txc

Tsetsaut is an extinct Athabascan language formerly spoken in the Portland Canal area of northwestern British Columbia. Virtually everything known of the language comes from the limited material recorded by Franz Boas in 1894 from two Tsetsaut slaves of the Nisga'a, which is enough to establish that Tsetsaut formed its own branch of Athabaskan. It is not known precisely when the language became extinct. One speaker was still alive in 1927. The Nisga'a name for the Tsetsaut people is "Jits'aawit"[1]

The Tsetsaut referred to themselves as the Wetaŀ. The English name Tsetsaut is an anglicization of [tsʼətsʼaut], "those of the interior", used by the Gitksan and Nisga'a to refer to the Athabaskan-speaking people to the north and east of them, including not only the Tsetsaut but some Tahltan and Sekani.

Examples[2]

  • ɬoʔ fish
  • xɔ grizzly bear
  • xadzinε male deer
  • qax rabbit
  • goʔ snake
  • ts’alε frog
  • ts’esdja mosquito
  • tsrāmaʔ wasp
  • at’ɔ nest
  • εkyagɔ ankle
  • aɬʼɔqʼ liver
  • dlε dance
  • kwuɬʼ dirt
  • na mother
  • täʼ father
  • isča grandchild
  • axa hair
  • aɬa(ʔ) hand
  • txa kick
  • mmē lake
  • xutsʼedeʼ left

Bibliography

  • Boas, Franz, and Pliny Earle Goddard (1924) "Ts'ets'aut, an Athapascan Language from Portland Canal, British Columbia." International Journal of American Linguistics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–35.
  • Collison, W. H. (1915) In the Wake of the War Canoe: A Stirring Record of Forty Years' Successful Labour, Peril and Adventure amongst the Savage Indian Tribes of the Pacific Coast, and the Piratical Head-Hunting Haida of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Toronto: Musson Book Company. Reprinted by Sono Nis Press, Victoria, B.C. (ed. by Charles Lillard), 1981.
  • Dangeli, Reginald (1999) "Tsetsaut History: The Forgotten Tribe of Southern Southeast Alaska." In: Alaska Native Writers, Storytellers & Orators: The Expanded Edition, ed. by Ronald Spatz, Jeane Breinig, and Patricia H. Partnow, pp. 48–54. Anchorage: University of Alaska.

References

  1. ^ "K'alii Xk'alaan". BC Geographical Names.
  2. ^ Merritt Ruhlen (1994) On the Origin of Languages (Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy)


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