William Halsey Jr.

William Frederick Halsey, Jr.
Nickname(s)	"Bull" Halsey
Born	(1882-10-30)October 30, 1882 Elizabeth, New Jersey
Died	August 20, 1959(1959-08-20) (aged 76)
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America
Service / branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1904–1947 (43 Years)
Rank	Fleet Admiral
Commands	USS Shaw USS Wickes USS Dale USS Saratoga NAS Pensacola Carrier Division 2 Task Force 16 South Pacific Area United States Third Fleet
Battles / wars	World War I **First Battle of the Atlantic World War II **Pacific War
Awards	American Campaign Medal American Defense Service Medal Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal Army Distinguished Service Medal Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire National Defense Service Medal Navy Cross Navy Distinguished Service Medal with three gold stars Presidential Unit Citation World War I Victory Medal World War II Victory Medal and others

Fleet Admiral William Frederick Halsey, Jr., USN, (October 30, 1882 – August 16, 1959) (commonly referred to as "Bill" or "Bull" Halsey), was a U.S. Naval officer. He commanded the South Pacific Area during the early stages of the Pacific War against Japan. Later he was commander of the Third Fleet through the duration of hostilities.

Early years

Halsey was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, on October 30, 1882, the son of US Navy Captain William F. Halsey, Sr.. His father was a descendant of Senator Rufus King, who was an American lawyer, politician, diplomat, and Federalist candidate for both Vice President (1804, 1808) and President of the United States (1816). Halsey attended the Pingry School.

After waiting two years to receive an appointment to the United States Naval Academy, the young Halsey decided to study medicine at the University of Virginia to then get into the Navy as a physician. He chose Virginia because his best friend, Karl Osterhause, was there. While there Halsey joined the prestigious Delta Psi fraternity. After his first year Halsey received his appointment to Annapolis, and entered the Academy in the Fall of 1900.

Halsey graduated from the Naval Academy in 1904 after lettering in football as a fullback and earning several athletic honors. He spent his early service years in battleships and sailed with the main battle fleet aboard the battleship Missouri as Roosevelt's Great White Fleet circumnavigated the globe from 1907 to 1909. Later he served aboard torpedo boats, beginning with USS Du Pont in 1909. Halsey was one of the few officers who was promoted directly from Ensign to full Lieutenant, skipping the rank of Lieutenant (junior grade). Torpedoes and torpedo boats became specialties of his, and he commanded the First Group of the Atlantic Fleet's Torpedo Flotilla in 1912 through 1913, and also several torpedo boats and destroyers during the 1910s and 1920s. At that time the destroyer and the torpedo boat, though extremely hazardous, were the most effective way to bring the torpedo into combat against capital ships. Lieutenant Commander Halsey's World War I service, including command of USS Shaw in 1918, was sufficiently distinguished to earn a Navy Cross.

Inter-war years

In October 1922, he was ordered as Naval Attache at the American Embassy in Berlin, Germany. One year later, he was given additional duty as Naval Attache at the American Embassies in Christiana, Norway; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Stockholm, Sweden. On completion of those assignments he returned to sea duty, again in destroyers in European waters, in command of USS Dale and USS Osborne. Upon his return to the U.S. in 1927, he served one year as Executive Officer of the battleship USS Wyoming, and then for three years in command of USS Reina Mercedes, the station ship at the Naval Academy. Captain Halsey continued his destroyer duty on his next two year stint at sea, starting in 1930 as Commander Destroyer Division Three of the Scouting Force, before returning to study at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.

In 1934 the then Chief of Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Admiral Ernest King offered Halsey command of the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga, subject to completion of the course of an air observer. Captain Halsey elected to enroll as a cadet for the full twelve-week Naval Aviator course rather than the simpler Aviation Observer program. "I thought it better to be able to fly the aircraft itself than to just sit back and be at the mercy of the pilot." Halsey earned his Naval Aviator's Wings on May 15, 1935 at the advanced age of 52, the oldest person to do so in the history of the U.S. Navy. He went on to command the Saratoga, and later the Naval Air Station Pensacola at Pensacola, Florida. Halsey considered airpower an important part of the future navy, commenting "The naval officer in the next war had better know his aviation, and good." Captain Halsey was promoted to Rear Admiral in 1938, commanding Carrier Divisions for the next three years, and, as a Vice Admiral, also serving as the USN overall Commander of the Aircraft Battle Force.

World War II

Traditional naval doctrine envisioned naval combat fought between opposing battleship gun lines. This view was challenged when army airman General Billy Mitchell demonstrated the capability of aircraft to substantially damage and sink even the most heavily armored naval assets. In the inter-war debate that followed some saw the carrier as defensive in nature, providing air-cover for the battle-group. Aviation proponents, however, imagined bringing the fight to the enemy with the use of air power. Halsey was a firm believer in the aircraft carrier as the primary naval offensive weapon system. When he testified at Admiral Kimmel’s hearing after the Pearl Harbor debacle, he stated that the Americans had to “get to the other fellow with everything you have as fast as you can and to dump it on him.” Halsey testified he would never hesitate to use the carrier as an offensive weapon.

Early Pacific carrier raids

Vice Admiral Halsey was at sea in his flagship, USS Enterprise, during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Surveying the wreckage of the Pacific Fleet as Enterprise entered Pearl Harbor the evening of December 8, he remarked, "Before we're through with them, the Japanese language will be spoken only in hell." Halsey was an aggressive commander. Above all else, he was an energetic and demanding leader, who had the ability to invigorate the U.S. Navy's fighting spirit when most required. In the early months of the war, as the nation was rocked by the fall of one western bastion after another, Halsey looked to take the fight to the enemy. Serving as commander, Carrier Division 2 aboard his flagship Enterprise, Halsey led a series of hit and run raids against the Japanese, striking the Gilbert and Marshall islands in February, Wake Island in March, and carrying out the Doolittle Raid in April against targets on the Japanese homeland. Halsey's slogan, "Hit hard, hit fast, hit often" soon became a byword for the Navy.

Halsey returned from his last raid in May in poor health. He had spent nearly all of the previous six months on the bridge of a carrier directing the Navy's counterstrikes. A debilitating chronic skin condition had flared, making it difficult for him to sleep. Gaunt and having lost twenty pounds, he was medically ordered ashore.

U.S. Naval intelligence had determined that the Japanese were planning an attack on the Central Pacific island of Midway. Admiral Nimitz intended to take the opportunity to engage them. The loss of his most aggressive and combat experienced carrier admiral on the eve of a crisis was a severe blow to Nimitz. Halsey met with Nimitz, recommending his cruiser division commander, Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance, to take command for the upcoming Midway operation. Nimitz considered the move, but it would mean stepping over Rear Admiral Fletcher of Task Force 17, who was senior of the two men. After interviewing Fletcher and reviewing his reports from the Coral Sea engagement, Nimitz was convinced that Fletcher's performance was sound, and he was given the responsibility of command in the defense of Midway. Nimitz did make Spruance commander of Halsey's Task Force 16, comprising the carriers Enterprise and Hornet. Halsey sent along his irascible chief of staff Captain Miles Browning to aide Spruance. The ensuing battle was a turning point in the war, resulting in a dramatic victory for the US Navy.

Halsey was out of the hospital in a week's time, but spent the next two months convalescing. He traveled stateside and visited family. The end of Halsey's convalescence found him in Washington D.C in late August. While there he accepted a speaking engagement at the Naval Academy at Annapolis. Prior to a discussion on his raids against the Japanese positions in the Marshall Islands, Halsey told the young midshipmen before him, "Missing the battle of Midway has been the greatest disappointment of my career, but I am going back to the Pacific where I intend personally to have a crack at those yellow bellied sons of bitches and their carriers," to the rousing applause of the assembled cadets.

South Pacific Area Command

After being medically approved to return to duty, he was named to command a carrier task force in the South Pacific Area. Since the ships were still being readied, he began a familiarization trip to the area on 15 October 1942, arriving at area headquarters at Nouméa in New Caledonia on the 18th. The Guadalcanal Campaign was at a critical juncture, with the Marines on the island holding on by a thread and naval support tenuous. Pacific commander Chester W. Nimitz had concluded that Vice Admiral Robert Ghormley had become dispirited and exhausted. Nimitz made his decision to change the South Pacific Area command while Halsey was in route. As Halsey's aircraft came to rest in Nouméa, a whaleboat came alongside carrying Ghormley’s flag lieutenant. Meeting him before he could board the flagship, the lieutenant handed over a sealed envelope containing a message from Nimitz:

YOU WILL TAKE COMMAND OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC AREA AND SOUTH PACIFIC FORCES IMMEDIATELY

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The order came as an awkward surprise to Halsey. Ghormley was a long time personal friend, and had been since their days as teammates on the football team back at Annapolis. Awkward or no, the two men carried out their directives. Halsey's assignment immediately invigorated his command. He had the reputation of a fighting admiral, and for good reason. He set about assessing the situation to determine what actions were needed. Ghormley had been unsure of his commands ability to maintain the Marine toe hold on Guadalcanal, and had been mindful of leaving them trapped there for a repeat of the Bataan Peninsula disaster. Halsey made it clear he did not plan to withdraw the Marines. He not only intended to counter the Japanese efforts to dislodge them, he intended to secure the island. Above all else he wanted to regain the initiative and take the fight to the Japanese. It was two days after Halsey had taken command in October 1942 that he gave an order that all naval officers in the South Pacific would dispense with wearing neckties with their tropical uniforms. As Richard Frank commented in his account of the Battle for Guadalcanal:

Halsey said he gave this order to conform to Army practice and for comfort. To his command it viscerally evoked the image of a brawler stripping for action and symbolized a casting off of effete elegance no more appropriate to the tropics than to war.

In June 1943 South Pacific Command was expecting the arrival of an additional air group to support their next offensive. On its arrival at Fiji the group was given new orders to return stateside to be broken up, its pilots to be used as instructors for pilot training. South Pacific command had been counting on that air group. The staff officer who brought the dispatch to Halsey remarked "If they do that to us we will have to go on the defensive." The admiral turned contemptuous eyes on the speaker. "As long as I have one plane and one pilot" he growled "I will stay on the offensive."

Admiral Halsey's forces spent the rest of the year battling up the Solomon Islands chain to Bougainville, then isolated the Japanese naval stronghold at Rabaul by capturing surrounding positions in the Bismarck Archipelago in a series of amphibious landings known as Operation Cartwheel.

Battles of the Central Pacific

As the war progressed it moved out of the South Pacific and into the Central Pacific. Admiral Halsey's command shifted with it, and in May 1944 he was promoted to commanding officer of the newly formed Third Fleet. He commanded actions in the Philippines to Japan. From September 1944 to January 1945, he led the campaigns to take the Palaus, Leyte and Luzon, and on many raids on Japanese bases, including off the shores of Formosa, China, and Vietnam. He alternated command of the big blue fleet with Raymond Spruance. Under Spruance the fleet designation was the Fifth Fleet and Task Force 58. The two admirals were a contrast in styles. Halsey was aggressive and a risk taker. Spruance was professional, calculating and cautious. Most common sailors were proud to serve under Halsey; most higher-ranking officers preferred to serve under Spruance.

Leyte Gulf

File:Halsey.JPG

Halsey

In October 1944, amphibious forces of the U.S. Seventh Fleet carried out General Douglas MacArthur's major landings on the island of Leyte in the Central Philippines. Halsey's Third Fleet was assigned to cover and support Seventh Fleet operations around Leyte.

In response to the invasion, the Japanese launched their final major naval effort, an operation known as 'Sho-Go', involving almost all their surviving fleet. It was aimed at destroying the invasion shipping in the Leyte Gulf. The Northern Force of Admiral Ozawa was built around the remaining Japanese aircraft carriers, now weakened by the heavy loss of trained pilots. The Northern Force was meant to lure the covering U.S. forces away from the Gulf while two surface battle-groups, the Center Force and the Southern Force, were to break through to the beachhead and attack the invasion shipping. These forces were built around the remaining strength of the Japanese Navy, and comprised a total of 7 battleships and 16 cruisers. The operation brought about the Battle for Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle of the Second World War and, by some criteria, the largest naval battle in history.

The Center Force commanded by Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita was located October 23 coming through the Palawan Passage by two American submarines, which attacked the force, sinking two heavy cruisers and damaging a third. The following day Third Fleet's aircraft carriers launched strikes against Kurita's Center Force, sinking the battleship Musashi and damaging the heavy cruiser Myōkō, causing the force to turn westward back towards its base. Kurita appeared to be retiring but he later reversed course and headed back into the San Bernardino Strait. At this point Ozawa's Northern Force was located by Third Fleet scout aircraft. Halsey made the momentous decision to take all available strength northwards to destroy the remaining Japanese carrier forces, planning to strike at dawn of 25 October. He considered leaving a battle group behind to guard the strait, and made tentative plans to do so, but he felt he would also have to leave one of his three carrier groups to provide air cover, weakening his chance to crush the remaining Japanese carrier forces. The entire Third Fleet steamed northward. San Bernardino Strait was left unguarded.

In moving Third Fleet northwards, Halsey failed to advise Admiral Kinkaid of Seventh Fleet of his decision. Seventh Fleet intercepts of organizational messages from Halsey to his own task group commanders seemed to indicate that Halsey had formed a Task Force and detached it to protect San Bernardino Strait, but this was not the case. Kinkaid and his staff failed to confirm this with Halsey, and neither had confirmed with Nimitz.

Despite aerial reconnaissance reports on the night of 24–October 25 of Kurita's Center Force in San Bernardino Strait, Halsey continued to take Third Fleet northwards, away from San Bernardino Strait and Leyte Gulf.

Halsey with VAdm. John S. McCain, Sr.

When Kurita's Center Force emerged from San Bernardino Strait morning of October 25, there was nothing to oppose them. Advancing down the coast of the island of Samar towards the troop transports and support ships of the Leyte Gulf landing, they took Seventh Fleet's escort carriers and their screening ships entirely by surprise. In the desperate battle which followed, Kurita's ships destroyed one of the escort carriers and three ships of the carriers' screen, and damaging a number of other ships as well. The remarkable resistance of the screening ships of the escort carrier groups against Kurita's battle-group was one of the most heroic feats in the storied history of the US Navy. Their efforts and those of the aircraft that the escort carriers could put up took a heavy toll on Kurita's ships and convinced him that he was facing a stronger force than was the case. Mistaking the escort carriers for Halsey's fleet carriers, and fearing entrapment from the six battleships of the Third Fleet battleship group, he decided to withdraw back thru San Bernardino Strait and to the west without achieving his objective of the Leyte landing.

When the Seventh Fleet's escort carriers found themselves under attack from the Center Force, Halsey began to receive a succession of desperate calls from Kinkaid asking for immediate assistance off Samar. For over two hours Halsey turned a deaf ear to these calls. Then, shortly after 10:00 hours, an anxious message was received from Admiral Nimitz: "Where is repeat where is Task Force 34? The world wonders". The tail end of this message, The world wonders, was intended as padding designed to confuse enemy decoders, but was mistakenly left in the message when it was handed to Halsey. The urgent inquiry had seemingly become a stinging rebuke. The fiery Halsey threw his hat on the deck of the bridge and began cursing. Finally Halsey's Chief of Staff, Rear Admiral Robert Carney, confronted him, telling Halsey "Stop it! What the hell's the matter with you? Pull yourself together."

He cooled but continued to steam Third Fleet northward closing on Ozawa's Northern Force for a full hour after receiving the signal from Nimitz. With Ozawa's ships nearly within range, Halsey finally gave up the chase and turned Task Force 34 south. As they proceeded south they were further delayed when the battle force slowed to 12 knots so that the battleships could refuel their escorting destroyers, costing perhaps another two and a half hour delay. By the time Task Force 34 arrived it was too late to assist the Seventh Fleet's escort carrier groups. Kurita had already decided to retire and had left the area. A single straggling destroyer was caught by Halsey's fastest cruisers and destroyers, but the rest of Kurita's force was able to escape.

The same attributes that made Halsey an invaluable leader in the desperate early months of the war, his desire to bring the fight to the enemy, his willingness to take on a gamble, worked against him in the later stages of the war. Professor Samuel Morison of Harvard University, cited as the country's most prolific naval historian, termed the Third Fleet run to the north "Halsey's Blunder".

Typhoon Cobra

After the Leyte Gulf engagement, December found the Third Fleet confronted with another powerful enemy in the form of Typhoon Cobra. While conducting operations off the Philippines, the fleet had to discontinue refueling due to a Pacific storm. Rather than move Third Fleet away, Halsey chose to remain on station for another day. In fairness, he received conflicting information from Pearl Harbor and his own staff. The Hawaiian weathermen predicted a northerly path for the storm, which would have cleared Task Force 38 by some two hundred miles. Eventually his own staff was far closer to the mark with a westerly direction. However, Halsey played the odds, declining to cancel planned operations and requiring the ships of Third Fleet to hold formation. The evening of 17 December those pilots flying combat air patrol over the fleet were unable to land aboard the bouncing carriers and had to ditch their planes and be picked up by destroyers. By 10:00 am the next morning the barometer on the flagship was noted to be dropping precipitously. Still the fleet attempted to maintain their stations. Finally, at 11:49 a.m., Halsey issued the order for the ships of the fleet to take the most comfortable course available to them, something which many ships had already been forced to do. Between 11:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., the typhoon did its worst damage, tossing the ships in seventy-foot waves. The barometer continued to drop and the wind roared at eighty-three knots with gusts well over 100 knots. At 1:45 p.m. Halsey issued a typhoon warning to Fleet Weather Central. By this time the Third Fleet had already lost three destroyers. The storm inflicted damage on a great many ships in the fleet, with the loss of some 802 men and 146 aircraft. Third Fleet conducted search and rescue operations for three days following the storm, finally retiring for repairs at Ulithi on 22 December.

Following the typhoon a Navy court of inquiry was convened on board the USS Cascade in the Naval base at Ulithi. Admiral Nimitz, CINCPAC, was in attendance at the court. Forty-three year old Captain Herbert K. Gates, of the Cascade, was the Judge Advocate. The inquiry found that though Halsey had committed an error of judgement in sailing the Third Fleet into the heart of the typhoon, it stopped short of unambiguously recommending sanction. The events surrounding Typhoon Cobra were similar to those the Japanese navy itself faced some nine years earlier in what they termed the "Fourth Fleet Incident."

End of the war

In January 1945, Halsey passed command of the ships that made up Third Fleet to Admiral Spruance, whereupon its designation changed to Fifth Fleet. Spruance held this command until May. Command returned to Halsey, who then retained it until war's end. In early June 1945 Halsey again sailed the fleet into the path of a typhoon. On this occasion, though some ships sustained significant damage, none were lost. Six men were swept overboard and lost, along with 75 airplanes lost or destroyed, with another 70 badly damaged. A Navy court of inquiry was again convened, this time recommending that Halsey be reassigned, but Admiral Nimitz declined to abide by this recommendation, citing Halsey's prior service record.

After the cessation of hostilities, Halsey, still cautious of Japanese kamikaze attacks, ordered Third Fleet to maintain a protective air cover: "Cessation of hostilities. War is over. If any Japanese airplanes appear, shoot them down in a friendly way." He was present when Japan formally surrendered on the deck of his flagship, USS Missouri, on September 2, 1945.

Post-war

Immediately after the surrender of Japan, fifty-four ships of the Third Fleet, with Halsey's four-star flag in USS South Dakota, returned to the United States for the annual Navy Day Celebrations in San Francisco on 27 October 1945. He hauled down his flag in November of that year and was assigned special duty in the office of the Secretary of the Navy. On December 11, 1945, he took the oath as Fleet Admiral, becoming the fourth and last officer to hold the rank. Fleet Admiral Halsey made a goodwill flying trip through Central and South America, covering nearly 28,000 miles and 11 nations. He retired from active service in March 1947, though as a Fleet Admiral he was not taken off active duty status.

Asked about the weapons used to win the war, Halsey offered:

"The four machines that won the War in the Pacific were the submarine, radar, the airplane and the bulldozer."

— 15px

Upon retirement, he joined the board of two subsidiaries of the International Telephone and Telegraph Company and served until 1957. He was involved in a number of efforts to preserve his former flagship, the USS Enterprise (CV-6), as a memorial in New York harbor. These proved fruitless, as they were unable to secure adequate funding to preserve the ship. Halsey died on August 16, 1959 on Fishers Island, NY and was interred in Arlington National Cemetery. His wife, Frances Grandy Halsey (1887–1968), is buried with him.

Asked about his contribution in the Pacific and the role he played in defending the United States, Halsey said merely:

"There are no great men. Just great challenges which ordinary men, out of necessity, are forced by circumstances to meet."

— 15px

—Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey

— 15px

Dates of rank

• Midshipman - Class of 1904

Ensign	Lieutenant, Junior Grade	Lieutenant	Lieutenant Commander	Commander	Captain
O-1	O-2	O-3	O-4	O-5	O-6
February 2, 1906	February 2, 1909	February 2, 1909	August 29, 1916	February 1, 1918	February 10, 1927

Rear Admiral (lower half)	Rear Admiral (upper half)	Vice Admiral	Admiral	Fleet Admiral
O-7	O-8	O-9	O-10	O-11
Never Held	March 1, 1938	June 13, 1940	November 18, 1942	December 21, 1945

Halsey never held the rank of Lieutenant Junior Grade, as he was appointed a full Lieutenant after three years of service as an Ensign. For administrative reasons, Halsey's naval record states he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant (junior grade) and Lieutenant on the same day.

At the time of Halsey's promotion to Rear Admiral, the United States Navy did not maintain a (Commodore) one-star rank. Halsey was therefore promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral of the line (upper half; two-star) from captain.

Awards and decorations

Awards

		File:Philippine Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg

Naval Aviator insignia
1st row	Navy Cross
2nd row	Navy Distinguished Service Medal	Army Distinguished Service Medal	Presidential Unit Citation
3rd row	Mexican Service Medal	World War I Victory Medal	American Defense Service Medal
4th row	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal	World War II Victory Medal	National Defense Service Medal
5th row	Philippine Liberation Medal	Order of the British Empire	Order of the Redeemer (Greece)

Honors

• Two ships have been named for Admiral Halsey: USS Halsey (CG-23), a Leahy-class guided missile cruiser, and USS Halsey (DDG-97), an Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer.
• The airfield at Naval Air Station North Island in San Diego, California was dedicated in honor of Halsey on October 20, 1960, during a celebration of 50 years of naval aviation (1911–1961).
• At least two American colleges have buildings named after Halsey: Halsey Hall at the University of Virginia and the Halsey Fieldhouse at the United States Naval Academy.
• A street, Halsey Court, is named after him in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• Elizabeth High School in Elizabeth, New Jersey, has a complex—Halsey House—named for Halsey.
• Halsey Terrace, US Navy housing in Honolulu, Hawaii.
• Halsey society at Texas A&M University Naval ROTC.
• a defunct rest area along the New Jersey Turnpike was named after him at the present New Jersey Route 81 interchange.

In popular culture

• Halsey was portrayed by James Cagney in the 1960 bio-pic, The Gallant Hours; by James Whitmore in the 1970 film, Tora! Tora! Tora!; and by Robert Mitchum in the 1976 film, Midway. As a note to the changing times, when Tora! Tora! Tora! was released in 1970, James Whitmore, portraying Halsey, quotes Halsey's famous line regarding the idea that the Japanese language will be spoken after the War only in hell. In contemporary (2000s) screenings of this film, on cable and in current DVD releases, the line is dubbed out of the film by cutting the scene in which this statement was made.
• Halsey is popularly referred to by the nickname "Bull". According to historian Samuel Eliot Morison, no one who knew Halsey personally ever called him that, and the name arose as a typographic error of "Bill" in a press release. The nickname fit his fighting style, and stuck in the popular imagination. Admiral Halsey referred to himself as "Bill Halsey".
• Halsey makes a brief appearance in Herman Wouk's novel The Winds of War, and has a more substantial supporting role in the sequel War and Remembrance. Halsey was portrayed in the 1983 television miniseries adaptation of The Winds of War by Richard X. Slattery, and in the 1988 miniseries adaptation of War and Remembrance by Pat Hingle.
• Halsey has been portrayed in a number of other films and TV miniseries, played by Glenn Morshower (Pearl Harbor, 2001), Kenneth Tobey (MacArthur, 1977), Jack Diamond (Battle Stations, 1956), John Maxwell, (The Eternal Sea, 1955) and Morris Ankrum (Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, 1944).
• An "Admiral Halsey" is mentioned in the Paul and Linda McCartney song "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey". The chorus of "hands across the water, heads across the sky" was a reference to the American aid programs of World War II. McCartney later specified that Admiral Halsey was indeed in honor of William Halsey.
• On March 4, 1951, Halsey appeared as a mystery guest on episode #40 of the game show, What's My Line, where the panel correctly deduced his identity.
• In the television series, McHale's Navy, one of Captain Binghampton's catchphrases whenever he would get frustrated with one of McHale's schemes was, "What in the name of Halsey is going on here?"

See also

• List of military figures by nickname

References

• The Quiet Warrior. Buell, Thomas B. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.
• Admiral Halsey's Story by William F. Halsey as told to Joseph Bryan III. ISBN 978-1-4367-1143-2
• Bull Halsey 1985 by Elmer Belmont Potter U.S. Naval Institute Press ISBN 978-1-59114-691-9
• Nimitz 1976 by Elmer Belmont Potter U.S. Naval Institute Press ISBN 978-0-87021-492-9
• Drury, Robert and Tom Clavin (December 28, 2006). "How Lieutenant Ford Saved His Ship". New York Times.
• Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-097-6.
• Frank, Richard (1990). Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-394-58875-9.
• Melton Jr., Buckner F. (2007). Sea Cobra, Admiral Halsey's Task Force and the Great Pacific Typhoon.
• Morison, Samuel Eliot (1958). The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943, vol. 5 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-58305-3.
• Mossman, B.C. and M.W. Stark (1991). "Chapter XVIII: Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., Special Military Funeral, 16-August 20, 1959". The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funeral, 1921-1969. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. CMH Pub 90-1. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• "Fleet Admiral William Frederick Halsey, Jr". Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. June 2, 1996.
• "William Frederick Halsey, Jr., Fleet Admiral, United States Navy". ArlingtonCemetery.net.

Further reading

• Dillard, Nancy R. (May 20, 1997). "Operational Leadership: A Case Study of Two Extremes during Operation Watchtower" (Academic report). Joint Military Operations Department, Naval War College. Retrieved August 4, 2009. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= and |month= (help)
• Thomas, Evan (2006). Sea of Thunder: Four Commanders and the Last Great Naval Campaign. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5221-8.
• Robert Drury, Tom Clavin (2006). Halsey's Typhoon: The True Story of a Fighting Admiral, an Epic Storm, and an Untold Rescue. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-87113-948-1.

External links

• "Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., USN, (1882-1959)". Online Library of Selected Images: People—United States. Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy.