Nisporeni District

Nisporeni
District (Raion)
Coat of arms of Nisporeni Coat of arms
Country	Republic of Moldova
Administrative center (Oraş-reşedinţă)	Nisporeni
Government
• Raion President	Vasile Bîtcă (PDM), since 2011
Area
• Total	630 km2 (240 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	66,800
• Density	106.0/km2 (275/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code	264
Area code	+373 64
Car plates	NS
Website	www.nisporeni.md

Nisporeni is a district (Template:Lang-md) in the west-central part of Moldova, with the administrative center at Nisporeni.

As of 1 January 2011, its population was 66,800. Most of the people (97.2%) are Moldovans (Romanians).

History

On 25 April, 1420 is first attested Varzaresti monastery. Localities with the oldest historical attestation of the district are: Balauresti, Ciutesti, Seliste and Varzaresti they are approved for the first time in 1420-1425. XV century-XVIII century centuries, continued economic development (trade and agriculture), cultural (monasteries and churches are built), just showed an important increase in population. Nisporeni city was first documented by Gaspar Graziani in his book, at 4 January, 1618. According to him, the city was at that time ruled by Farima Nicolae II, descendant of the great Farima dynasty and cousin to Michael the Brave. He is regarded as one of Moldova's greatest national heroes. Locals where mainly involved in farming, hunting and cultivation of wines and fruit. In 1812, after the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812), is the occupation of Basarabia, Russian Empire during this period (1812-1917), there is an intense russification of the native population. In 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia united with Romania in this period (1918-1940, 1941-1944), the district is part of the Chisinau County. In 1940 after Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty, Basarabia is occupied by the USSR. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of Independence of Moldova, part and residence of the Ungheni County (1991-2003), and in 2003 became administrative unit of Moldova.

Geography

Nisporeni district is located in the central part of the Republic of Moldova. Neighborhood has the following districts: Ungheni in north-west, north-east district of Calarasi, Straseni District in east, Hincesti District in the south, and border state with Romania on the river Prut. General characterization of the district Nisporeni is a central part of the Moldavian Plateau. Varied hilly landscape is complicated, fragmented by deep valleys 150-250 m, with steep slopes and steep that develops, numerous landslides and ravines. Strings cut hills. Nisporeni district is situated on the highest part of the plateau, namely the plateau Codri. Plateau recalls a premountain relief, which prompted his call Docuceaev V. "Basarabian Switzerland." In forests, unlike the rest of the country, are most active are the processes of erosion and landslides. In the western part of Codri is located at the highest hill in Moldova, Balanesti Hill. The height of this hill is 430 m and is the maximum altitude of Moldova.

Climate

Climate of Nisporeni district, and across the republic is temperate-continental. Winter is mild and short, summer is warm and long. On average a year there were 2195 hours of sun in the central part of Moldova. Duration of sunny days ranges from 43-65 hours in December, up to 300-340 hours in July. Average annual air temperature throughout is +10 C. Average monthly temperatures recorded positive from March-November, negative temperatures from December-February. The average annual precipitation ranges between 500-650mm. Fall rainfall is characterized by great instability over time.

Fauna

Fauna district is typical of European forests, represented by this: fox, deer, red deer, spotted deer, badger, wild boar, raccoon dog, wolf, wild cat and others. Of birds: hawk, owl, cuckoo, eagle, stork and others.

Flora

Forests occupy 34.0% of the district, are characterized by the presence of: oak, beech, hornbeam, oak english, linden, maple, locust and others. From plants: clover, knotweed, nettle, bell, fescue and other.

Demographics

• Births (2010): 744 (11.1 per 1000)
• Deaths (2010): 884 (13.2 per 1000)
• Growth Rate (2010): -140 (-2.1 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

• Moldovans (Romanians) 97.2%
• Russians 0.5%
• Ukrainians 0.3%
• Other 2.0%

Religion

• Christians - 99.4%
  • Orthodox Christians - 98.8%
  • Protestant - 0.6%
    • Baptists - 0.2%
    • Pentecostals - 0.2%
    • Seventh-day Adventists - 0.1%
    • Evangelicals - 0.1%
• Other - 0.5%
• No Religion 0.1%

References

• Nisporeni district on Romanian language
• District site
• General description of Nisporeni district