Endoderm: Difference between revisions
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'''Endoderm''' is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the [[ectoderm]] (outside layer) and [[mesoderm]] (middle layer), with the endoderm as the intermost layer. Cells migrating inward along the [[archenteron]] form the inner layer of the [[gastrula]], which develops into the endoderm.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} |
'''Endoderm''' is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the [[ectoderm]] (outside layer) and [[mesoderm]] (middle layer), with the endoderm as the intermost layer.<ref>Langman's Medical Embryology, 11th edition. 2010.</ref> Cells migrating inward along the [[archenteron]] form the inner layer of the [[gastrula]], which develops into the endoderm.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} |
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The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} |
The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} |
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Revision as of 01:12, 3 August 2011
| Endoderm | |
|---|---|
 Organs derived from endoderm. | |
 Blastodermic vesicle of Vespertilio murinus. (Endoderm labeled as 'entoderm'.) | |
| Details | |
| Days | 16 |
| Precursor | hypoblast |
| Gives rise to | splanchnopleure |
| Identifiers | |
| MeSH | D004707 |
| FMA | 69071 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Endoderm is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer), with the endoderm as the intermost layer.[1] Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.[citation needed]
The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.[citation needed]
Production
The following chart shows the products produced by the endoderm.
| Germ Layer | Category | System | Products |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endoderm | General[2] | Gastrointestinal tract. | the entire alimentary canal except part of the mouth, pharynx and the terminal part of the rectum (which are lined by involutions of the ectoderm), the lining cells of all the glands which open into the digestive tube, including those of the liver and pancreas |
| Endoderm | General | Respiratory tract | the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli of the lungs |
| Endoderm | General | Endocrine glands and organs | the lining of the follicles of the thyroid gland and thymus |
| Endoderm | Auditory system | the epithelium of the auditory tube and tympanic cavity | |
| Endoderm | Urinary system | the urinary bladder and part of the urethra |
Liver and pancreas cells are believed to derive from a common precursor.[3]
The Endoderm has differentiated into distinguishable organs as early as 5 weeks of embryonic development.
Additional images
-
Section through the embryo. -
Section through ovum imbedded in the uterine decidua
See also
References
- ^ Langman's Medical Embryology, 11th edition. 2010.
- ^ The General category denotes that all or most of the animals containing this layer produce the adjacent product.
- ^ Zaret KS (2001). "Hepatocyte differentiation: from the endoderm and beyond". Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11 (5): 568–74. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00234-3. PMID 11532400.
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Template:Human cell types derived primarily from endoderm
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 49 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)