Kachina: Difference between revisions
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* [http://140.247.102.177/katsina/index.html Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology] |
* [http://140.247.102.177/katsina/index.html Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology] |
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* [http://www.heardmuseumshop.com/browse.cfm/2,105.html The Heard Museum] |
* [http://www.heardmuseumshop.com/browse.cfm/2,105.html The Heard Museum] |
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* [http://anthromuseum.missouri.edu/minigalleries/kachinas/kachinas.shtml Museum of Anthropology] |
* [http://anthromuseum.missouri.edu/minigalleries/kachinas/kachinas.shtml The Museum of Anthropology] |
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[[Category:Hopi tribe]] |
[[Category:Hopi tribe]] |
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[[Category:Native American religion]] |
[[Category:Native American religion]] |
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Revision as of 01:20, 11 August 2011
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2007) |
A kachina (/[invalid input: 'icon']kəˈtʃiːnə/; also katchina or katcina; Hopi: katsina /kətˈsiːnə/, plural katsinim /kətˈsiːnɨm/) is a spirit being in western Pueblo cosmology and religious practices.[1] The western Pueblo, Native American cultures located in the southwestern United States, include Hopi, Zuni, Tewa Village (on the Hopi Reservation), Acoma Pueblo, and Laguna Pueblo. In later times, the kachina cult has spread to more eastern Pueblos, e.g. from Laguna to Isleta. The term also refers to the kachina dancers, masked members of the tribe who dress up as kachinas for religious ceremonies, and kachina dolls, wooden dolls representing kachinas which are given as gifts to children.
A kachina can represent anything in the natural world or cosmos, from a revered ancestor to an element, a location, a quality, a natural phenomenon, or a concept. There are more than 400 different kachinas in Hopi and Pueblo culture. The local pantheon of kachinas varies in each pueblo community; there may be kachinas for the sun, stars, thunderstorms, wind, corn, insects, and many other concepts. Kachinas are understood as having humanlike relationships; they may have uncles, sisters, and grandmothers, and may marry and have children. Although not worshipped,[2] each is viewed as a powerful being who, if given veneration and respect, can use their particular power for human good, bringing rainfall, healing, fertility, or protection, for example. One observer has written:[3]
The central theme of the kachina cult is the presence of life in all objects that fill the universe. Everything has an essence or a life force, and humans must interact with these or fail to survive.
Origins
![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2008) |
- Kachina was the most widespread and practiced religion by the Pueblos two hundred years or so before the Spaniards came to the West.
Zuni kachinas
The Zuni believe that the kachinas live in the Lake of the Dead, a mythical lake which is reached through Listening Spring Lake located at the junction of the Zuni River and the Little Colorado River.
Hopi kachinas
Within Hopi religion, the kachinas are said to live on the San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff, Arizona. The most important Hopi kachinas are called wuya.
Among the Hopi, kachina dolls are traditionally carved by the uncles and given to uninitiated girls at the Bean Dance (Spring Bean Planting Ceremony) and Home Dance Ceremony in the summer. The function of the dolls is to acquaint children with some of the many kachinas.
In Hopi the word is often used to represent the spiritual beings themselves, the dolls, or the people who dress as kachinas for ceremonial dances, which are understood to all embody aspects of the same belief system. Among other uses, the kachinas represent historical events and things in nature, and are used to educate children in the ways of life.
Wuya
The most important of the kachinas are known as wuya. These are some of the wuyas:
- Ahöla
- Ahöl Mana
- Aholi
- Ahul
- Ahulani
- Akush
- Alosaka
- Angak
- Angwushahai-i
- Angwusnasomtaka
- Chaveyo
- Chakwaina
- Chiwap
- Chowilawu
- Cimon Mana
- Danik?china
- Dawa (kachina)
- Eototo
- Hahai-i Wuhti
- He-e-e
- Hú
- Huruing Wuhti
- Kalavi
- Kaletaka
- Ketowa Bisena
- Köchaf
- Kököle
- Kokopelli
- Kokosori
- Kokyang Wuhti
- Kwasai Taka
- Lemowa
- Masau'u
- Mastop
- Maswik
- Mong
- Muyingwa
- Nakiachop
- Nataska
- Ongchomo
- Pachava Hú
- Patung
- Pohaha or Pahana
- Saviki
- Pöqangwhoya
- Shalako Taka
- Shalako Mana
- Söhönasomtaka
- Soyal
- Tiwenu
- Toho
- Tokoch
- Tsitot
- Tukwinong
- Tukwinong Mana
- Tumas
- Tumuala
- Tungwup
- Ursisimu
- We-u-u
- Wiharu
- Wukokala
- Wupa-ala
- Wupamo
- Wuyak-kuita
See also
Notes
- ^ Walter, Mariko N. (2004). Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices and Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 347–348. ISBN 1576076458.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Wright, Barton (1965). This is a Hopi Kachina. USA: Museum of Northern Arizona. p. 4.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Barton, Wright (2008). "Hopi Kachinas: A Life Force". Hopi Nation: Essays on Indigenous Art, Culture, History, and Law. USA: Univ. of Nebraska Digital Commons. pp. Ch. 4. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
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References
- Anderson, Frank G. (1955). The Pueblo kachina cult: A historical reconstruction. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 11, 404-419.
- Anderson, Frank G. (1956). Early documentary material on the Pueblo kachina cult. Anthropological Quarterly, 29, 31-44.
- Anderson, Frank G. (1960). Inter-tribal relations in the Pueblo kachina cult. In Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, selected papers (pp. 377–383).
- Dockstader, Frederick J. "The Kachina & The White Man: A Study of The Influence of White Culture on The Hopi Kachina Cult." Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Cranbook Institute of Science, 1954.
- Dozier, Edward P. (1970). The Pueblo Indians of North America. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
- Glenn, Edna "Kachinas," in Hopi Nation: Essays on Indigenous Art, Culture, History, and Law, 2008.
- Kennard, Edward A. & Edwin Earle. "Hopi Kachinas." New York: Museum of The American Indian, Hye Foundation, 1971.
- Schaafsma, Polly. (1972). Rock art in New Mexico. Santa Fe: State Planning Office..
- Schaafsma, Polly (Ed.). (1994). Kachinas in the pueblo world. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
- Schaafsma, Polly; & Schaafsma, Curtis F. (1974). Evidence for the origins of the Pueblo katchina cult as suggested by Southwestern rock art. American Antiquity, 39 (4), 535-545.
- Schlegel, Alice, "Hopi Social Structure as Related to Tihu Symbolism," in Hopi Nation: Essays on Indigenous Art, Culture, History, and Law, 2008.
- Sekaquaptewa, Helen. "Me & Mine: The Life Story of Helen Sekaquaptewa." Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1969.
- Stephen, Alexander M. "Hopi Journal." New York: Columbia University Press, 1936.
- Stewart, Tyrone. Dockstader, Frederick. Wright, Barton. "The Year of The Hopi: Paintings & Photographs by Joseph Mora, 1904-06." New York, Rizzoli International Publications, 1979.
- Talayesua, Don C. "Sun Chief: The Autobiography of a Hopi Indian." New Haven, Connecticut: Institute of Human Relations/Yale University Press, 1942.
- Titiev, Mischa. "Old Oraibi: A Study of The Hopi Indians of the Third Mesa." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum, 1944.
- Waters, Frank. "Masked Gods: Navajo & Pueblo Ceremonialism." Denver, Colorado: Sage Books, 1950.
- Waters, Frank. "The Book of The Hopi." New York, Viking Press, 1963.
- Wright, Barton. "Hopi Kachinas: The Complete Guide to Collecting Kachina Dolls." Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Press, 1977.
- Wright, Barton, "Hopi Kachinas: A Life Force," in Hopi Nation: Essays on Indigenous Art, Culture, History, and Law, 2008.