O'nyong'nyong virus: Difference between revisions
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The '''O'nyong'nyong virus''' or '''O'nyong-nyong virus''' is a [[virus]]<ref name="pmid16014827">{{cite journal |author=Posey DL, O'rourke T, Roehrig JT, Lanciotti RS, Weinberg M, Maloney S |title=O'Nyong-nyong fever in West Africa |journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=32 |year=2005 |month=July |pmid=16014827 |doi= |url=http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16014827}}</ref> first isolated by the [[Uganda Virus Research Institute]] in [[Entebbe]], [[Uganda]] in 1959. It is a [[togaviridae|togavirus]] (family ''Togaviridae''), genus ''[[Alphavirus]]'' and is closely related to [[Chikungunya]] and [[Igbo Ora]] viruses. The name comes from the [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic language]] of Uganda and [[Sudan]] and means “weakening of the joints.” |
The '''O'nyong'nyong virus''' or '''O'nyong-nyong virus''' is a [[virus]]<ref name="pmid16014827">{{cite journal |author=Posey DL, O'rourke T, Roehrig JT, Lanciotti RS, Weinberg M, Maloney S |title=O'Nyong-nyong fever in West Africa |journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=32 |year=2005 |month=July |pmid=16014827 |doi= |url=http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16014827}}</ref> first isolated by the [[Uganda Virus Research Institute]] in [[Entebbe]], [[Uganda]] in 1959. It is a [[togaviridae|togavirus]] (family ''Togaviridae''), genus ''[[Alphavirus]]'' and is closely related to the [[Chikungunya]] and [[Igbo Ora]] viruses. The name comes from the [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic language]] of Uganda and [[Sudan]] and means “weakening of the joints. It causes disease in humans.” |
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==Transmission== |
==Transmission== |
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Revision as of 05:01, 2 October 2011
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| Species: | O’nyong’nyong virus
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The O'nyong'nyong virus or O'nyong-nyong virus is a virus[1] first isolated by the Uganda Virus Research Institute in Entebbe, Uganda in 1959. It is a togavirus (family Togaviridae), genus Alphavirus and is closely related to the Chikungunya and Igbo Ora viruses. The name comes from the Nilotic language of Uganda and Sudan and means “weakening of the joints. It causes disease in humans.”
Transmission
O'nyong'nyong virus is transmitted by bites from an infected mosquito. It is the only virus whose primary vectors are anopheline mosquitoes (Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae).
Presentation
Common symptoms of infection with the virus are polyarthritis, rash and fever. Other symptoms include eye pain, chest pain, lymphadenitis and lethargy. No fatalities due to infection are known.
Epidemics
There have been two epidemics of O’nyong’nyong fever. The first occurred from 1959 to 1962, spreading from Uganda to Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Malawi and Mozambique, and affecting over two million people. This was one of the largest arbovirus epidemics recorded. The first virus isolates were obtained during this outbreak from mosquitoes and human blood samples collected from Gulu in northern Uganda in 1959.
The second epidemic in 1996-1997 affected 400 people and was confined to Uganda. The 35-year hiatus between the two outbreaks and evidence of an outbreak in 1904-1906 in Uganda indicates a 30-50 year cycle for epidemics.
Strains
The ONNV (o'nyong-nyong virus) has at least three major subtypes, or strains, which genomic sequences are currently available on genome databases.
Cycle
It can involve a future or sylvatic cycle.[2]
References
- ^ Posey DL, O'rourke T, Roehrig JT, Lanciotti RS, Weinberg M, Maloney S (2005). "O'Nyong-nyong fever in West Africa". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73 (1): 32. PMID 16014827.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Powers AM, Brault AC, Tesh RB, Weaver SC (2000). "Re-emergence of Chikungunya and O'nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships". J. Gen. Virol. 81 (Pt 2): 471–9. PMID 10644846.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)