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== Tissue distribution ==
== Tissue distribution ==


AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the [[anterior pituitary]], where it stimulates [[ACTH]] release.<ref name="pmid6089144">{{cite journal | author = Antoni FA, Holmes MC, Makara GB, Kárteszi M, László FA | title = Evidence that the effects of arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) on pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) release are mediated by a novel type of receptor | journal = Peptides | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 519–22 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6089144 | doi = 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90080-9 | issn = }}</ref> Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain.<ref name="pmid11250948">{{cite journal | author = Hernando F, Schoots O, Lolait SJ, Burbach JP | title = Immunohistochemical localization of the vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor in the rat brain and pituitary gland: anatomical support for its involvement in the central effects of vasopressin | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 142 | issue = 4 | pages = 1659–68 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11250948 | doi = 10.1210/en.142.4.1659 | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17027167">{{cite journal | author = Young WS, Li J, Wersinger SR, Palkovits M | title = The vasopressin 1b receptor is prominent in the hippocampal area CA2 where it is unaffected by restraint stress or adrenalectomy | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 143 | issue = 4 | pages = 1031–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17027167 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.040 | issn = | pmc = 1748954 }}</ref>
AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the [[anterior pituitary]], where it stimulates [[ACTH]] release.<ref name="pmid6089144">{{cite journal | author = Antoni FA, Holmes MC, Makara GB, Kárteszi M, László FA | title = Evidence that the effects of arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) on pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) release are mediated by a novel type of receptor | journal = Peptides | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 519–22 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6089144 | doi = 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90080-9 }}</ref> Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain.<ref name="pmid11250948">{{cite journal | author = Hernando F, Schoots O, Lolait SJ, Burbach JP | title = Immunohistochemical localization of the vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor in the rat brain and pituitary gland: anatomical support for its involvement in the central effects of vasopressin | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 142 | issue = 4 | pages = 1659–68 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11250948 | doi = 10.1210/en.142.4.1659 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17027167">{{cite journal | author = Young WS, Li J, Wersinger SR, Palkovits M | title = The Vasopressin 1b Receptor is Prominent in the Hippocampal Area CA2 Where It Is Unaffected by Restraint Stress or Adrenalectomy | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 143 | issue = 4 | pages = 1031–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17027167 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.040| pmc = 1748954 }}</ref>


== Clinical significance ==
== Clinical significance ==
Line 10: Line 10:
=== Behavioral ===
=== Behavioral ===


Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice.<ref name="pmid12399951">{{cite journal | author = Wersinger SR, Ginns EI, O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Young WS | title = AVPR1B knockout reduces aggressive behavior in male mice | journal = Mol. Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 975–84 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12399951 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001195 | issn = }}</ref> Interestingly, defensive behaviour and predatory behaviours appear normal in these knockout mice,<ref name="pmid17284170">{{cite journal | author = Wersinger SR, Caldwell HK, Christiansen M, Young WS | title = Disruption of the vasopressin 1b receptor gene impairs the attack component of aggressive behavior in mice | journal = [[Genes, Brain and Behavior]] | volume = 6 | issue = 7 | pages = 653–60 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17284170 | doi = 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00294.x | issn = | pmc = 2486432 }}</ref> but there is evidence that social motivation or awareness is reduced.<ref name="pmid15555506">{{cite journal | author = Wersinger SR, Kelliher KR, Zufall F, Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Young WS | title = Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task | journal = Hormones and Behavior | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 638–45 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15555506 | doi = 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004 | issn = }}</ref> The AVPR1B antagonist, SSR149415, has been shown to have anti-aggressive actions in hamsters<ref name="pmid15652395">{{cite journal | author = Blanchard RJ, Griebel G, Farrokhi C, Markham C, Yang M, Blanchard DC | title = AVP V<sub>1b</sub> selective antagonist SSR149415 blocks aggressive behaviors in hamsters | journal = Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 189–94 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15652395 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.024 | issn = }}</ref> and anti-depressant- and anxiety (anxiolytic)-like behaviors in rats.<ref name="pmid15867952">{{cite journal | author = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Tonnerre B, Roux R, Garcia G, Griebel G, Aulombard A | title = An overview of SSR149415, a selective nonpeptide vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist for the treatment of stress-related disorders | journal = CNS Drug Reviews | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–68 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15867952 | doi = 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00035.x | issn = }}</ref> A [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) has been associated with susceptibility to depression in man.<ref name="pmid15094789">{{cite journal | author = van West D, Del-Favero J, Aulchenko Y, Oswald P, Souery D, Forsgren T, Sluijs S, Bel-Kacem S, Adolfsson R, Mendlewicz J, Van Duijn C, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S | title = A major SNP haplotype of the arginine vasopressin 1B receptor protects against recurrent major depression | journal = Mol. Psychiatry | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 287–92 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15094789 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001420 | issn = }}</ref>
Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice.<ref name="pmid12399951">{{cite journal | author = Wersinger SR, Ginns EI, O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Young WS | title = AVPR1B knockout reduces aggressive behavior in male mice | journal = Mol. Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 975–84 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12399951 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001195 }}</ref> Interestingly, defensive behaviour and predatory behaviours appear normal in these knockout mice,<ref name="pmid17284170">{{cite journal | author = Wersinger SR, Caldwell HK, Christiansen M, Young WS | title = Disruption of the Vasopressin 1b Receptor Gene Impairs the Attack Component of Aggressive Behavior in Mice | journal = [[Genes, Brain and Behavior]] | volume = 6 | issue = 7 | pages = 653–60 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17284170 | doi = 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00294.x| pmc = 2486432 }}</ref> but there is evidence that social motivation or awareness is reduced.<ref name="pmid15555506">{{cite journal | author = Wersinger SR, Kelliher KR, Zufall F, Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Young WS | title = Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task | journal = Hormones and Behavior | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 638–45 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15555506 | doi = 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004 }}</ref> The AVPR1B antagonist, SSR149415, has been shown to have anti-aggressive actions in hamsters<ref name="pmid15652395">{{cite journal | author = Blanchard RJ, Griebel G, Farrokhi C, Markham C, Yang M, Blanchard DC | title = AVP V<sub>1b</sub> selective antagonist SSR149415 blocks aggressive behaviors in hamsters | journal = Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 189–94 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15652395 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.024 }}</ref> and anti-depressant- and anxiety (anxiolytic)-like behaviors in rats.<ref name="pmid15867952">{{cite journal | author = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Tonnerre B, Roux R, Garcia G, Griebel G, Aulombard A | title = An overview of SSR149415, a selective nonpeptide vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist for the treatment of stress-related disorders | journal = CNS Drug Reviews | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–68 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15867952 | doi = 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00035.x }}</ref> A [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) has been associated with susceptibility to depression in man.<ref name="pmid15094789">{{cite journal | author = van West D, Del-Favero J, Aulchenko Y, Oswald P, Souery D, Forsgren T, Sluijs S, Bel-Kacem S, Adolfsson R, Mendlewicz J, Van Duijn C, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S | title = A major SNP haplotype of the arginine vasopressin 1B receptor protects against recurrent major depression | journal = Mol. Psychiatry | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 287–92 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15094789 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001420 }}</ref>


=== Metabolic ===
=== Metabolic ===


Various stress-induced elevations of ACTH are blunted in the Avpr1b knockout mouse.<ref name="pmid17122081">{{cite journal | author = Lolait SJ, Stewart LQ, Jessop DS, Young WS, O'Carroll AM | title = The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in mice lacking functional vasopressin V1b receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 849–56 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17122081 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1309 | issn = | pmc = 2040022 }}</ref>
Various stress-induced elevations of ACTH are blunted in the Avpr1b knockout mouse.<ref name="pmid17122081">{{cite journal | author = Lolait SJ, Stewart LQ, Jessop DS, Young WS, O'Carroll AM | title = The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response to Stress in Mice Lacking Functional Vasopressin V1b Receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 849–56 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17122081 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1309| pmc = 2040022 }}</ref>


=== Oncology ===
=== Oncology ===


AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting [[pituitary adenoma]]s as well as in [[bronchial carcinoid]]s<ref name="pmid9425403">{{cite journal | author = Arlt W, Dahia PL, Callies F, Nordmeyer JP, Allolio B, Grossman AB, Reincke M | title = Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to [[desmopressin]] in vivo and in vitro | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 623–7 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9425403 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.3091129.x | issn = }}</ref> responsible for the [[ectopic ACTH syndrome]].<ref name="pmid8636444">{{cite journal | author = de Keyzer Y, Lenne F, Auzan C, Jégou S, René P, Vaudry H, Kuhn JM, Luton JP, Clauser E, Bertagna X | title = The pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor and the corticotroph phenotype in ectopic ACTH syndrome | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 97 | issue = 5 | pages = 1311–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8636444 | doi = 10.1172/JCI118547| issn = | url = http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/abstract/97/5/1311 | pmc = 507185 }}</ref>
AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting [[pituitary adenoma]]s as well as in [[bronchial carcinoid]]s<ref name="pmid9425403">{{cite journal | author = Arlt W, Dahia PL, Callies F, Nordmeyer JP, Allolio B, Grossman AB, Reincke M | title = Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to [[desmopressin]] in vivo and in vitro | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 623–7 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9425403 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.3091129.x }}</ref> responsible for the [[ectopic ACTH syndrome]].<ref name="pmid8636444">{{cite journal | author = de Keyzer Y, Lenne F, Auzan C, Jégou S, René P, Vaudry H, Kuhn JM, Luton JP, Clauser E, Bertagna X | title = The pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor and the corticotroph phenotype in ectopic ACTH syndrome | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 97 | issue = 5 | pages = 1311–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8636444 | doi = 10.1172/JCI118547| url = http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/abstract/97/5/1311 | pmc = 507185 }}</ref>


== Ligands ==
== Ligands ==


[[Nelivaptan]] (SSR149415)<ref name="pmid11861823">{{cite journal | author = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Simiand J, Griebel G, Lacour C, Guillon G, Barberis C, Brossard G, Soubrié P, Nisato D, Pascal M, Pruss R, Scatton B, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G | title = Characterization of (2S,4R)-1-[5-chloro-1-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide (SSR149415), a selective and orally active vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist | journal = J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | volume = 300 | issue = 3 | pages = 1122–30 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11861823 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.300.3.1122 | issn = }}</ref> and D-[Leu<sup>4</sup>-Lys<sup>8</sup>]-vasopressin<ref name="pmid17495006">{{cite journal | author = Pena A, Murat B, Trueba M, Ventura MA, Bertrand G, Cheng LL, Stoev S, Szeto HH, Wo N, Brossard G, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Manning M, Guillon G | title = Pharmacological and physiological characterization of d[Leu<sup>4</sup>, Lys<sup>8</sup>]vasopressin, the first V<sub>1b</sub>-selective agonist for rat vasopressin/oxytocin receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 9 | pages = 4136–46 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17495006 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1633 | issn = }}</ref> are a specific [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] and [[agonist]] for the vasopressin 1b receptor, respectively.
[[Nelivaptan]] (SSR149415)<ref name="pmid11861823">{{cite journal | author = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Simiand J, Griebel G, Lacour C, Guillon G, Barberis C, Brossard G, Soubrié P, Nisato D, Pascal M, Pruss R, Scatton B, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G | title = Characterization of (2S,4R)-1-[5-chloro-1-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide (SSR149415), a selective and orally active vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist | journal = J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | volume = 300 | issue = 3 | pages = 1122–30 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11861823 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.300.3.1122 }}</ref> and D-[Leu<sup>4</sup>-Lys<sup>8</sup>]-vasopressin<ref name="pmid17495006">{{cite journal | author = Pena A, Murat B, Trueba M, Ventura MA, Bertrand G, Cheng LL, Stoev S, Szeto HH, Wo N, Brossard G, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Manning M, Guillon G | title = Pharmacological and physiological characterization of d[Leu<sup>4</sup>, Lys<sup>8</sup>]vasopressin, the first V<sub>1b</sub>-selective agonist for rat vasopressin/oxytocin receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 9 | pages = 4136–46 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17495006 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1633 }}</ref> are a specific [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] and [[agonist]] for the vasopressin 1b receptor, respectively.


== References==
== References==

Revision as of 17:41, 6 October 2011

Template:PBB Arginine vasopressin receptor 1B (AVPR1B, previously known as vasopressin 3 receptor or antidiuretic hormone receptor 1b) is a protein that acts as receptor for arginine vasopressin. AVPR1B belongs to the subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

Tissue distribution

AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release.[1] Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain.[2][3]

Clinical significance

Behavioral

Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice.[4] Interestingly, defensive behaviour and predatory behaviours appear normal in these knockout mice,[5] but there is evidence that social motivation or awareness is reduced.[6] The AVPR1B antagonist, SSR149415, has been shown to have anti-aggressive actions in hamsters[7] and anti-depressant- and anxiety (anxiolytic)-like behaviors in rats.[8] A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with susceptibility to depression in man.[9]

Metabolic

Various stress-induced elevations of ACTH are blunted in the Avpr1b knockout mouse.[10]

Oncology

AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas as well as in bronchial carcinoids[11] responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome.[12]

Ligands

Nelivaptan (SSR149415)[13] and D-[Leu4-Lys8]-vasopressin[14] are a specific antagonist and agonist for the vasopressin 1b receptor, respectively.

References

  1. ^ Antoni FA, Holmes MC, Makara GB, Kárteszi M, László FA (1984). "Evidence that the effects of arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) on pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) release are mediated by a novel type of receptor". Peptides. 5 (3): 519–22. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(84)90080-9. PMID 6089144.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Hernando F, Schoots O, Lolait SJ, Burbach JP (2001). "Immunohistochemical localization of the vasopressin V1b receptor in the rat brain and pituitary gland: anatomical support for its involvement in the central effects of vasopressin". Endocrinology. 142 (4): 1659–68. doi:10.1210/en.142.4.1659. PMID 11250948.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Young WS, Li J, Wersinger SR, Palkovits M (2006). "The Vasopressin 1b Receptor is Prominent in the Hippocampal Area CA2 Where It Is Unaffected by Restraint Stress or Adrenalectomy". Neuroscience. 143 (4): 1031–9. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.040. PMC 1748954. PMID 17027167.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Wersinger SR, Ginns EI, O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Young WS (2002). "AVPR1B knockout reduces aggressive behavior in male mice". Mol. Psychiatry. 7 (9): 975–84. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001195. PMID 12399951.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Wersinger SR, Caldwell HK, Christiansen M, Young WS (2007). "Disruption of the Vasopressin 1b Receptor Gene Impairs the Attack Component of Aggressive Behavior in Mice". Genes, Brain and Behavior. 6 (7): 653–60. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00294.x. PMC 2486432. PMID 17284170.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Wersinger SR, Kelliher KR, Zufall F, Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Young WS (2004). "Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task". Hormones and Behavior. 46 (5): 638–45. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004. PMID 15555506.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Blanchard RJ, Griebel G, Farrokhi C, Markham C, Yang M, Blanchard DC (2005). "AVP V1b selective antagonist SSR149415 blocks aggressive behaviors in hamsters". Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 80 (1): 189–94. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.024. PMID 15652395.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Tonnerre B, Roux R, Garcia G, Griebel G, Aulombard A (2005). "An overview of SSR149415, a selective nonpeptide vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist for the treatment of stress-related disorders". CNS Drug Reviews. 11 (1): 53–68. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00035.x. PMID 15867952.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ van West D, Del-Favero J, Aulchenko Y, Oswald P, Souery D, Forsgren T, Sluijs S, Bel-Kacem S, Adolfsson R, Mendlewicz J, Van Duijn C, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S (2004). "A major SNP haplotype of the arginine vasopressin 1B receptor protects against recurrent major depression". Mol. Psychiatry. 9 (3): 287–92. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001420. PMID 15094789.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Lolait SJ, Stewart LQ, Jessop DS, Young WS, O'Carroll AM (2007). "The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response to Stress in Mice Lacking Functional Vasopressin V1b Receptors". Endocrinology. 148 (2): 849–56. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1309. PMC 2040022. PMID 17122081.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Arlt W, Dahia PL, Callies F, Nordmeyer JP, Allolio B, Grossman AB, Reincke M (1997). "Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to desmopressin in vivo and in vitro". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 47 (5): 623–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.3091129.x. PMID 9425403.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ de Keyzer Y, Lenne F, Auzan C, Jégou S, René P, Vaudry H, Kuhn JM, Luton JP, Clauser E, Bertagna X (1996). "The pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor and the corticotroph phenotype in ectopic ACTH syndrome". J. Clin. Invest. 97 (5): 1311–8. doi:10.1172/JCI118547. PMC 507185. PMID 8636444.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Simiand J, Griebel G, Lacour C, Guillon G, Barberis C, Brossard G, Soubrié P, Nisato D, Pascal M, Pruss R, Scatton B, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G (2002). "Characterization of (2S,4R)-1-[5-chloro-1-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide (SSR149415), a selective and orally active vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 300 (3): 1122–30. doi:10.1124/jpet.300.3.1122. PMID 11861823.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Pena A, Murat B, Trueba M, Ventura MA, Bertrand G, Cheng LL, Stoev S, Szeto HH, Wo N, Brossard G, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Manning M, Guillon G (2007). "Pharmacological and physiological characterization of d[Leu4, Lys8]vasopressin, the first V1b-selective agonist for rat vasopressin/oxytocin receptors". Endocrinology. 148 (9): 4136–46. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1633. PMID 17495006.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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