Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 12:08, 22 October 2011
| Charlotte | |
|---|---|
 The Grand Duchess in 1942 | |
| Grand Duchess of Luxembourg | |
| Reign | 14 January 1919 - 12 November 1964 (45 years, 303 days) |
| Predecessor | Marie-Adélaïde |
| Successor | Jean |
| Born | 23 January 1896 Berg Castle, Luxembourg |
| Died | 9 July 1985 (aged 89) |
| Spouse | Felix of Bourbon-Parma |
| Issue | Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg Elizabeth, Duchess of Hohenberg Adélaide, Countess of Donnersmarck Gabriele, Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg Prince Charles Alix, Princess of Ligne |
| House | House of Nassau-Weilburg House of Bourbon-Parma |
| Father | William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg |
| Mother | Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal |
Charlotte of Nassau-Weilburg, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Duchess of Nassau, (Template:Lang-lb; Schloss Berg, 23 January 1896 – Schloss Fischbach, 9 July 1985) was the reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964.
Biography
Early life and life as Grand Duchess
Charlotte was the second daughter of William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and his wife Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal. Her maternal grandparents were King Miguel of Portugal and Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.
When her older sister Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, who had succeeded their father, was forced to abdicate on 14 January 1919, Charlotte became the one who had to deal with the revolutionary tendencies in the country. Unlike her sister, she chose not to meddle with its politics.
In a referendum about the new constitution on 28 September 1919, 77.8% of the Luxembourgish people voted for the continuation of a Grand Ducal monarchy with Charlotte as head of state. In this constitution, the power of the monarch was severely restricted.
During the German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II, Charlotte, exiled in London, became an important symbol of national unity.
Marriage and children
On 6 November 1919 in Luxembourg, she married Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a first cousin on her mother's side. (Both Charlotte and Felix were grandchildren of King Miguel of Portugal through his daughters Maria Anna and Maria Antonia, respectively). With the marriage, their lineal descent was raised in style from Grand Ducal Highness to Royal Highness. The union produced six children:
| Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Spouses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg | 5 January 1921 | Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium (1927–2005) | |
| Elizabeth, Duchess of Hohenberg | 22 December 1922 | Franz, Duke of Hohenberg (1927–1977) | |
| Marie Adalaide, Countess Henckel von Donnersmarck | 21 May 1924 | 28 February 2007 (aged 82) | Karl Josef Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck (1928–2008) |
| Marie Gabriele, Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg | 2 August 1925 | Knud, Count of Holstein-Ledreborg (1919–2001) | |
| Charles, Prince of Luxembourg | 7 August 1927 | 26 July 1977 (aged 49) | Joan Douglas Dillon (1935-) |
| Alix, Princess of Ligne | 24 August 1929 | Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne (1925–2005) |
Abdication and death
On 12 November 1964, she abdicated in favour of her son, Prince Jean, who then reigned until 2000.
Charlotte died on 9 July 1985, from cancer. She was interred in the Ducal Crypt of the Notre-Dame Cathedral in the city of Luxembourg.
Had she not abdicated, she would have reigned for a total of 66 years, 173 days.
She was the 366th Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword.
Titles and styles
| Styles of Charlotte of Nassau-Weilburg, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Duchess of Nassau | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reference style | Her Royal Highness |
| Spoken style | Your Royal Highness |
| Alternative style | Ma'am |
- 23 January 1896 – 14 January 1919: Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Charlotte of Nassau-Weilburg
- 14 January 1919 – 12 November 1964: Her Royal Highness The Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
- 12 November 1964 – 9 July 1985: Her Royal Highness Charlotte of Nassau-Weilburg, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Duchess of Nassau, Princess de Bourbon-Parma
Ancestry
References
External links
Generations are numbered from the ascension of Adolphe as Grand Duke of Luxembourg in 1890. | ||
| 1st generation | .svg) | |
| 2nd generation | ||
| 3rd generation | ||
| 4th generation | ||
| 5th generation | ||
| 6th generation |
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All princesses of Luxembourg are also princesses of Nassau. *also a princess of Bourbon-Parma by birth | ||
The generations are numbered from the ascension of William as Duke of Nassau in 1816. | ||
| 1st generation |  | |
| 2nd generation | ||
| 3rd generation | ||
| 4th generation | ||
| 5th generation | ||
| 6th generation | ||
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- House of Nassau-Weilburg
- Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
- Roman Catholic monarchs
- Luxembourgian people of World War II
- Governments in exile during World War II
- Luxembourgian Roman Catholics
- 1896 births
- 1985 deaths
- People from Colmar-Berg
- House of Bourbon-Parma
- Burials at Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg
- Princesses of Bourbon-Parma
- Recipients of the Golden Rose
- Monarchs who abdicated
- Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
- Grand Masters of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
- Dames of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri