Giorgio da Sebenico: Difference between revisions
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He is sometimes listed among Croatian sculptors in English-language sources.<ref name="Vauchez"/> In Croatia, he is known under the [[Croatian language|Croatian]] name ''Juraj Dalmatinac'' (lit. "George the Dalmatian"). <ref>This name is stated to be a recent translation of Georgius Dalmaticus by some Italian sources.</ref><ref name="Scotti"/><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[La Repubblica]] | date = 2004-08-14 | url = http://www.repubblica.it/2004/h/sezioni/cronaca/rumizviaggio/rumiz9/rumiz9.html | title = Traù, fuga di mezzanotte | author = Paolo Rumiz | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[Corriere della Sera]] | date = 2000-11-03 | url = http://www.istrianet.org/istria/news/europe/corriere/00_1103vaticano.htm | title = Gli italiani d'Istria litigano con il Vaticano | author = Gian Antonio Stella | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref> This is reportedly part of a trend of Croatization of old Venetian names.<ref name="Knez">{{cite news | newspaper = [[La Voce del Popolo]] | date = 2003-07-21 | title = Dalmazia, una storia »falsata« | author = Kristjan Knez | url = http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/articoligiornali/dalmazia.htm | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = La Voce del Popolo'' | title = L'Adriatico orientale e la sterile ricerca della nazionalità delle persone | author = Kristijan Knez | url = http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/articoligiornali/artadriatico.htm | date = 2002-10-02 | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref> Croatian sources such as the [[Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute]] and author Cvito Fisković claim that "Orsini" was never used by the artist and it was adopted by his son, after the death of his father.<ref name="Fisković" /><ref name="Ivančević" /><ref name="encyc_of_vis_arts">Encyclopedia of Visual Arts of the [[Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute]], volume 3 ([[Zagreb]], 1964), article ''Juraj Dalmatinac''.</ref> |
He is sometimes listed among Croatian sculptors in English-language sources.<ref name="Vauchez"/> In Croatia, he is known under the [[Croatian language|Croatian]] name ''Juraj Dalmatinac'' (lit. "George the Dalmatian"). <ref>This name is stated to be a recent translation of Georgius Dalmaticus by some Italian sources.</ref><ref name="Scotti"/><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[La Repubblica]] | date = 2004-08-14 | url = http://www.repubblica.it/2004/h/sezioni/cronaca/rumizviaggio/rumiz9/rumiz9.html | title = Traù, fuga di mezzanotte | author = Paolo Rumiz | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[Corriere della Sera]] | date = 2000-11-03 | url = http://www.istrianet.org/istria/news/europe/corriere/00_1103vaticano.htm | title = Gli italiani d'Istria litigano con il Vaticano | author = Gian Antonio Stella | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref> This is reportedly part of a trend of Croatization of old Venetian names.<ref name="Knez">{{cite news | newspaper = [[La Voce del Popolo]] | date = 2003-07-21 | title = Dalmazia, una storia »falsata« | author = Kristjan Knez | url = http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/articoligiornali/dalmazia.htm | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = La Voce del Popolo'' | title = L'Adriatico orientale e la sterile ricerca della nazionalità delle persone | author = Kristijan Knez | url = http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/articoligiornali/artadriatico.htm | date = 2002-10-02 | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref> Croatian sources such as the [[Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute]] and author Cvito Fisković claim that "Orsini" was never used by the artist and it was adopted by his son, after the death of his father.<ref name="Fisković" /><ref name="Ivančević" /><ref name="encyc_of_vis_arts">Encyclopedia of Visual Arts of the [[Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute]], volume 3 ([[Zagreb]], 1964), article ''Juraj Dalmatinac''.</ref> |
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Orsini was educated as an architect in [[Venice]], |
Orsini was educated as an architect in [[Venice]],<ref name="GE-YLZ">{{GE-YLZ|4|Juraj Dalmatinac}}</ref> in the workshop of Giovanni and Bartolomeo Buon. He helped them sculpting the decorations on the Porta della Carta of the [[Doge's Palace, Venice|Doge's Palace]].<ref name="GE-YLZ"/> He married Elisabetta da Monte, who brought him as her dowry some houses in Venice. |
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After his engagement at Šibenik in 1441 he made that city his home, and invested his savings with two partners in a grocery business and in a shop there. He built himself a house close to the cathedral on which his fame as an architect principally rests. |
After his engagement at Šibenik in 1441 he made that city his home, and invested his savings with two partners in a grocery business and in a shop there. He built himself a house close to the cathedral on which his fame as an architect principally rests. |
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Revision as of 13:48, 17 December 2011
Giorgio da Sebenico | |
|---|---|
 A modern sculpture of Juraj Dalmatinac/ /Giorgio da Sebenico, created by Ivan Meštrović, placed in front of Cathedral of St. James in Šibenik | |
| Born | circa 1410 |
| Died | 1473/1475 |
| Known for | stone carving |
Giorgio Orsini[1][2] [3] [4] [5][6](Template:Lang-hr; c. 1410–1473) was a medieval sculptor and architect from Dalmatia, who worked mainly in the city of Sebenico, at the time part of the Republic of Venice; modern-day Šibenik, Croatia.
Early life
 | This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. (November 2011) |
 | This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (November 2011) |
He was born in the Dalmatian city of Zara (modern Zadar, Croatia), which was then ruled by the Republic of Venice.[7]
His name and origin has been the source of some controversy. On the relief by the north apse of Cathedral of St.James the artist signed in Latin: "hoc opus cuvarum fecit magister Georgius Mathaei Dalmaticus",[8][9] and on a contract from 1441 he signed: "Georgius lapicida quondam Mathei de Jadra Civis Sibenicenis" (trans. "Georgius sculptor son of Matheus from Zadar citizen of Šibenik").[9] Those are only known signatures of the artist, however, in Sebenico there are remnants (the doorway) of the Orsini's home which he bought in June 1445 from M. Simeonich, a local nobleman. On the lintel of this old doorway is carved a bear, the heraldic emblem of the noble house of Orsini - carved by Giorgio's own hand.[10] That is why he is also referred to as Giorgio Orsini, particularly in Italian sources.[11][12][13] There are also references to him as Giorgio Dalmatico,[11] or as George the Dalmatian.[14] He is sometimes listed among Croatian sculptors in English-language sources.[14] In Croatia, he is known under the Croatian name Juraj Dalmatinac (lit. "George the Dalmatian"). [15][1][16][17] This is reportedly part of a trend of Croatization of old Venetian names.[18][19] Croatian sources such as the Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute and author Cvito Fisković claim that "Orsini" was never used by the artist and it was adopted by his son, after the death of his father.[8][9][20]
Orsini was educated as an architect in Venice,[21] in the workshop of Giovanni and Bartolomeo Buon. He helped them sculpting the decorations on the Porta della Carta of the Doge's Palace.[21] He married Elisabetta da Monte, who brought him as her dowry some houses in Venice.
After his engagement at Šibenik in 1441 he made that city his home, and invested his savings with two partners in a grocery business and in a shop there. He built himself a house close to the cathedral on which his fame as an architect principally rests. He died in Šibenik in 1473/1475.
Work
His work represents the golden age of Dalmatian medieval art.[22] He was one of main interpreter of the Adriatic Renaissance, a tendency widesprad during the late 15th century in Venice, Dalmatia and in some locations of the Italian Adriatic Coast, such as Ancona. This tendency of Renaissance was characterised by the rediscovery of the Classical art but in continuity with Gothic. Particularly Giorgio da Sebenico's carvings belong to the late Gothic style, but the style of his architecture and sculptures is early Renaissance.[21]
His works represent probably the highest peak of the Renaissance in Dalmatia, with his most beautiful achievement being the the Cathedral of St. James in Šibenik,, for which he was a chief architect from 1441 to 1473.[21] The entire building was built solely of limestone from Istria, with no wood or bricks used in the structure. The building presents all along the permiter an hedge composed of 72 stone-carved heads. The task before him was to build the choir, of which foundations had not been laid, to raise and roof the nave which was only completed to the top of the aisle vaults, and to covering the crossing by a lantern or cupola. From July 1, 1477 the work on the Cathedarl of St. James was continued by an architect from Tuscany, Niccolò di Giovanni Fiorentino.
In Split (Template:Lang-it) he built several palaces and in 1448 he carved a stone altar in the Cathedral of St. Duje in Split.[21] In Dubrovnik he helped repairing the Duke's palace and helped building the Minčeta fortress. He also made an urban plan for Pago.[21] In Italy, he worked in Ancona where he built the Loggia dei Mercanti, the portal of San Francesco alle Scale and the portal of Sant'Agostino[21]
References
- ^ a b Quaderni Giuliani di Storia Anno XXIII (n°1 gennaio-giugno 2002) p. 21-35; article "La letteratura italiana in Dalmazia: una storia falsificata" by Giacomo Scotti
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) articles about Sebenico and Ancona
- ^ The Shores of the Adriatic (Illustrated Edition) by F. Hamilton Jackson; Echo Library, 2010 page 179
- ^ The drawings of the Venetian painters in the 15th and 16th centuries by Hans Tietze, Erika Tietze-Conrat; Hacker Art Books, 1979 page 105
- ^ Frommer's Italy 2012 by Darwin Porter, Danforth Prince; John Wiley & Sons, Jul 15, 2011 page 378
- ^ A Dictionary of Architecture and Building - Biographical, Historical, and Descriptive - Vol 1 by Russell Sturgis, Jr.; READ BOOKS, Sep 30, 2009 page 81
- ^ Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria, with Cettigne in Montenegro and the Island of Grado by Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, published in 1887 by Clarendon press, Page 389:
Giorgio seems to have been born at Zara. His father, Matteo, was a scion of the ancient and princely Roman house of Orsini; but the branch to which he belonged had sunk in the world, and been reduced to support itself by manual arts inconsistent with the idea of nobility as then understood, and the family name had been allowed to fall into disuse [...] His family descent from the Orsini was formally recognized in 1540 in the person of his grandson Giacomo, an advocate [...] that Giorgio was not a native of Sebenico is proved by the description of him in several 'Atti' of 1441-1450; e.g. Magister Giorgius lapicida quondam Matthaei di Jadra, habitator Venetiarum ad praesens existens Sibenic
- ^ a b Fisković, Cvito (1983). Juraj Dalmatinac (in Croatian). Zagreb: Zora. p. 73.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Ivančević, Radovan. Šibenska katedrala (in Croatian).
- ^ Lee Hornor Moqué, Mrs. Alice (1914). Delightful Dalmatia. Funk & Wagnalls company. p. 109.
But alas, only the doorway now remains of the house which "Michelle Simeonich, a nobleman of Sebenico, sold to Giorgio Orsini for two hundred golden ducats of just and good weight", in the month of June and the year 1455. On the lintel of this old doorway is carved a bear, the heraldic emblem of the great house of Orsini - carved, no doubt, by George's own hand, over this door through which he must have passed so often.
- ^ a b Sir Thomas Graham Jackson (1885). Ragusa. Il palazzo rettorale, il duomo, il reliquiario del teschia di s. Biagio. (Estr. dall'Annuario dalmatico).
- ^ Alberti, Mario (1917). Italy's great war and her national aspirations. Alfieri & Lacroix. p. 179.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Silani, Tomaso (1917). La Dalmazia monvmentale:con 100 tavole fvori testo. Alfieri & Lacroix. p. 61.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Vauchez, André (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Volume I. Routledge. p. 453. ISBN 1579582826, 9781579582821.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - ^ This name is stated to be a recent translation of Georgius Dalmaticus by some Italian sources.
- ^ Paolo Rumiz (2004-08-14). "Traù, fuga di mezzanotte". La Repubblica. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Gian Antonio Stella (2000-11-03). "Gli italiani d'Istria litigano con il Vaticano". Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Kristjan Knez (2003-07-21). "Dalmazia, una storia »falsata«". La Voce del Popolo. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Kristijan Knez (2002-10-02). "L'Adriatico orientale e la sterile ricerca della nazionalità delle persone". La Voce del Popolo. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|newspaper=(help) - ^ Encyclopedia of Visual Arts of the Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute, volume 3 (Zagreb, 1964), article Juraj Dalmatinac.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Juraj Dalmatinac". General Encyclopedia of the Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute (in Croatian). Vol. 4. Zagreb: Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute. 1978.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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Bibliography
- Mariano Fabio, La Loggia dei Mercanti in Ancona e l’opera di Giorgio di Matteo da Sebenico, Ed. Il lavoro editoriale, Ancona 2003.
- Mariano Fabio, La facciata di S. Agostino in Ancona e il suo restauro, in Aa.Vv., Atti del Convegno "Arte e Spiritualità negli Ordini Mendicanti, II", Tolentino, Roma 1994.
- Mariano Fabio, La stagione adriatica del Gotico fiorito, in F. Mariano, L’Architettura nelle Marche. Dall’Età classica al Liberty,Ed. Nardini, Fiesole 1995, pp. 83–88.
External links
