List of boycotts

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This is a list of boycotts.

Major historical boycotts

• In 617, the Meccans boycotted the Hashemites to put pressure on the clan to withdraw its protection from Muhammad.
• March 1769, in opposition of "taxation without representation," merchants in Philadelphia joined the boycott of British trade goods at the time of the American Revolution.
• In 1848, Milanese boycotts of Austrian state monopolies led to a military over-reaction, fomenting revolution in Northern Italy and the declarations of independence of Milan and Venice.
• the boycott of Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott, an English land agent in Ireland who was subject to a boycott organized by the Irish Land League, 1880
• Boycott of Tobacco in Iran in response to colonialist British Tobacco Régie, 1891.
• Boycott of American goods by Chinese in response to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and developments in 1905-06.
• Boycott of Japanese products in China after the May Fourth Movement.
• Economic Boycott of Germany by The American Jewish Congress - March 1933
• Nazi boycott of Jewish doctors, lawyers, and stores in Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses; it formally lasted only one day (April 1, 1933, ironically on a Saturday-the day of Sabbath when most Jewish Businesses and shops were closed already on that day, but eventually was the beginning of the racial policy of Nazi Germany.
• Boycotts of Jewish businesses in Iraq following the Farhud, between 1941 to 1951.
• The boycott of British goods by Mahatma Gandhi known as the swadeshi policy—the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods. Linked to this was his advocacy that khadi (homespun cloth) be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles. Gandhi exhorted Indian men and women, rich or poor, to spend time each day spinning khadi in support of the independence movement.[3] This was a strategy to inculcate discipline and dedication to weed out the unwilling and ambitious, and include women in the movement at a time when many thought that such activities were not ‘respectable’ for women. In addition to boycotting British products, Gandhi urged the people to boycott British educational institutions and law courts, to resign from government employment, and to forsake British titles and honours.
• by African Americans during the U.S. civil rights movement, late 1950s and 1960s (especially the Montgomery bus boycott).
• the United Farm Workers union's grape and lettuce boycotts.
• the Arab League boycott of Israel and companies trading with Israel.
• the academic boycott of South Africa by a large part of the world's countries during its apartheid period.
• Boycott of South African produce (e.g., Cape Town Sherry Wine and Outspan lemons) in opposition to apartheid

Sporting boycotts

• the People's Olympiad was planned for Barcelona as a venue for athletes boycotting the 1936 Summer Olympics being held in Nazi Germany.
• by African states at the 1976 Summer Olympics to protest the participation of New Zealand, a country that had recently resumed sporting contact with apartheid South Africa.
• the United States and Allies boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics to protest the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
• by Warsaw pact states (all but Romania who participated) of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, in retaliation for the 1980 boycott.
• led by North Korea and followed by Cuba, Ethiopia, and Nicaragua of the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea.
• Latin-American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay) in Soccer Boycott. 1938 FIFA World Cup.
• by most African, Asian and Caribbean at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland, due to the Thatcher Government's attitude towards sporting links with South Africa.

Current boycotts

Political boycotts

• Boycotting of California Proposition 8 Supporters
• Denmark– see Economic and human costs of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
• Economic and political boycotts of Israel

Consumer boycotts

• FireHollywood– against Hollywood film makers who have made statements deemed to be "unpatriotic," "anti-American" or treasonous.
• The Great American Boycott– to demonstrate the extent to which labor obtained via illegal immigration is needed for the economy of the United States.
• Nestlé boycott– against the promotion of infant formula over breast milk to poor mothers in developing countries.
• Stop Esso campaign– to protest damage to the environment by not investing in renewable energy sources, denying the existence of global warming and undermining the Kyoto Protocol.
• Tax resistance– propagated by some tax resisters as a "boycott" of governments by their subjects
• Nokia boycott– in response to the cellphone maker's decision in January 2008 to close production sites in Germany and to move production to lower-cost regions in Eastern Europe [3]
• Boycott Cheetos– propagated by concerned parents and teachers protesting the Frito-Lay company's 2008 advertising campaign which equates vandalism with being "cool".
• Corporate Funding Project: A boycott of corporations that fund Planned Parenthood. Organized by Life Decisions International.
• Singapore boycott of the 2010 FIFA World Cup broadcast by domestic pay TV operators– In 2010, FIFA charged what was described as an "exorbitant" sum for the broadcast rights fees of the 2010 FIFA World Cup for Singapore pay TV operators Starhub and SingTel. In turn, the TV operators passed on the cost to their subscribers by raising the special additional subscription fee for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Many angered soccer fans then decided to boycott the service entirely as they felt it was unfair when compared to countries in the region that will either be broadcasting the matches free of charge, as in the case of Indonesia and Thailand; or at significantly lower viewing fees at US$21 as in Malaysia and US$38 in Hong Kong. This fee is also almost four times the S$25 (US$18) special fee that Starhub charged its subscribers for viewing the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals matches in Germany.
• During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, a boycott against BP occurred in many parts of the world (see Reactions to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill#Public reaction)
• Bank Transfer Day– a social uprising encouraging bank customers to transfer their cash out of big banks to smaller banks and credit unions by November 5, 2011.

Gay and lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered boycotts

• Against Target Corporation– for donating to conservative PAC Minnesota Forward, a group which supported anti-gay marriage candidate Tom Emmer during the Minnesota gubernatorial campaign in 2010. Lady Gaga stopped doing business with Target because of the effects that she says its political activism has had on the LGBT community. Target in turn is now suing the gay rights group Canvass for a Cause, for demonstrating outside its stores (in San Diego County, California) which Target asserts is interfering with business.
• Against Best Buy– For donating campaign money to Tom Emmer.
• Against Chick-fil-A– For their company being against gay marriage and one of their restaurants catered a marriage seminar held by the notoriously anti-gay Pennsylvania Family Institute. All their restaurants are closed on Sundays, and potential employees have to disclose their marital status and talk about their religion before they can be hired.
• Against Heinz– The gay rights group, Stonewall, has urged supporters to stop buying Heinz products, after the company pulled a commercial of two men kissing.
• Against The Salvation Army– Gay rights groups are asking people to boycott the Salvation Army's red kettles and thrift stores, because of the organization's stance against homosexuality.
• Tourism/Business with Rushville, Illinois or Schuyler County, Illinois. Don Schieferdecker, county sheriff, made anti-gay and anti-semetic remarks on Facebook and refuses to resign.
• Tourism/Business with Utah, especially Salt Lake City, Utah. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints donated money to push Prop 8 through in California, so gays and lesbians wouldn't be allowed to marry.

Past boycotts

• The AUT Boycott of Israeli Academics.
• Don't! Buy! Thai!
• Gun owner's boycotts of Smith and Wesson and Colt for their acquiescence to Bill Clinton's gun control initiatives.
• Durban Review Conference (UN Anti-Racism Conference)

See also

• Moral purchasing
• Non-violent resistance

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External links

• List of current boycotts at EthicalConsumer.org