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==The organization==
==The organization==
Malered was led by Gulilat.<ref name="hol"/> Politically, Malered was close to Meison.<ref name="p1"/> Malered gave support to the [[Derg]] military junta, and the group was represented in the Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs (POMOA).<ref>Wubneh, Mulatu, and Yohannis Abate. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=L04wAQAAIAAJ Ethiopia: Transition and Development in the Horn of Africa]''. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1988. p. 57</ref> Malered supported the entry of Seded (the new political organization formed by Derg militaries schooled in Marxism-Leninism) into POMOA.<ref name="clap2">Clapham Christopher. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA67 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 67</ref> When the National Democratic Revolutionary Programme of Ethiopia was declared in April 1976, Malered expressed its support to it and its willingness to join a common front with other groups supporting the revolution.<ref name="p178">Tiruneh, Andargachew. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ABbnAd0oWokC&pg=PA178 The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian]''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 178</ref> In December 1976, Malered published its own programme.<ref name="p1"/>
Malered was led by Gulilat.<ref name="hol"/> Politically, Malered was close to Meison.<ref name="p1"/> Malered gave support to the [[Derg]] military junta, and the group was represented in the Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs (POMOA).<ref>Wubneh, Mulatu, and Yohannis Abate. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=L04wAQAAIAAJ Ethiopia: Transition and Development in the Horn of Africa]''. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1988. p. 57</ref> Malered supported the entry of [[Seded]] (the new political organization formed by Derg militaries schooled in Marxism-Leninism) into POMOA.<ref name="clap2">Clapham Christopher. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA67 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 67</ref> When the National Democratic Revolutionary Programme of Ethiopia was declared in April 1976, Malered expressed its support to it and its willingness to join a common front with other groups supporting the revolution.<ref name="p178">Tiruneh, Andargachew. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ABbnAd0oWokC&pg=PA178 The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian]''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 178</ref> In December 1976, Malered published its own programme.<ref name="p1"/>


In 1977, Malered took part in forming the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations together with four other groups (Meison, Seded, Echat and Woz Ader).<ref>Harjinder Singh. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6lWNdA89xC4C&pg=PA187 Agricultural Problems in Ethiopia]''. Delhi, India: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 187</ref> Malered was the smallest of these five parties.<ref name="clap">Clapham Christopher. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA54 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 54</ref>
In 1977, Malered took part in forming the [[Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations]] together with four other groups (Meison, Seded, [[Echat]] and [[Waz League]]).<ref>Harjinder Singh. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6lWNdA89xC4C&pg=PA187 Agricultural Problems in Ethiopia]''. Delhi, India: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 187</ref> Malered was the smallest of these five parties.<ref name="clap">Clapham Christopher. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA54 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 54</ref>


==Events that led to its end==
==Events that led to its end==

Revision as of 08:27, 20 January 2012

The Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Revolutionary Organization, commonly known by its Amharic acronyms Malered or Emelared, was a communist organization in Ethiopia active from 1974 to the late 1970s.[1][2][3][4]

Formation

According to Bahru Zewde, the organization was formed through the merger of a domestic faction and an exiled splinter-group of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP).[5] According to Christopher Clapham, Malered could have been formed by EPRP members who wished to cooperate with the Derg military junta.[6] Andargachew Tiruneh, on the other hand, states that Malered could have emerged as an off-shoot of the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (Meison) Youth League.[7] Fred Halliday supports the theory that Malered originated in Meison.[8]

The organization

Malered was led by Gulilat.[3] Politically, Malered was close to Meison.[7] Malered gave support to the Derg military junta, and the group was represented in the Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs (POMOA).[9] Malered supported the entry of Seded (the new political organization formed by Derg militaries schooled in Marxism-Leninism) into POMOA.[10] When the National Democratic Revolutionary Programme of Ethiopia was declared in April 1976, Malered expressed its support to it and its willingness to join a common front with other groups supporting the revolution.[11] In December 1976, Malered published its own programme.[7]

In 1977, Malered took part in forming the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations together with four other groups (Meison, Seded, Echat and Waz League).[12] Malered was the smallest of these five parties.[6]

Events that led to its end

After the split between the Derg and Meison, the Derg would eventually begin crushing the smaller leftist groups like Malered.[13] Malered was eliminated from POMOA.[14] As of July 1979, there were reports that member of Malered had been arrested. At the time, Malered was the sole civilian political group still aligned with the Derg.[4]

References

  1. ^ Milkias, Paulos. Ethiopia. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2011. p. 429
  2. ^ Ethiopian Opposition Political Parties and Rebel Fronts: Past and Present
  3. ^ a b Holcomb, Bonnie K., and Sisai Ibssa. The Invention of Ethiopia. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1990. p. 373
  4. ^ a b Halliday, F., and M. Molyneux. The Ethiopian revolution. 1983. p. 131
  5. ^ Bahru Zewde. A History of Modern Ethiopia: 1855 - 1991. Oxford: Currey [u.a.], 2002. p. 245
  6. ^ a b Clapham Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 54
  7. ^ a b c Tiruneh, Andargachew. The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 132
  8. ^ Halliday, F., and M. Molyneux. The Ethiopian revolution. 1983. p. 129
  9. ^ Wubneh, Mulatu, and Yohannis Abate. Ethiopia: Transition and Development in the Horn of Africa. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1988. p. 57
  10. ^ Clapham Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 67
  11. ^ Tiruneh, Andargachew. The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 178
  12. ^ Harjinder Singh. Agricultural Problems in Ethiopia. Delhi, India: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 187
  13. ^ Milkias, Paulos. Haile Selassie, Western Education, and Political Revolution in Ethiopia. Youngstown, N.Y.: Cambria Press, 2006. p. 266
  14. ^ Lefort, René. Ethiopia, an Heretical Revolution? London: Zed, 1983. p. 253
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