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'''Apollo 17''' was the eleventh [[Human spaceflight|manned space mission]] in the [[NASA]] [[Project Apollo|Apollo program]] and was the sixth and last mission to date to land on the [[Moon]]. It was the first night launch and the final lunar landing mission of the Apollo program.
'''Apollo 17''' was the eleventh [[Human spaceflight|manned space mission]] in the [[NASA]] [[Project Apollo|Apollo program]] and was the sixth and last manned mission to date to land on the [[Moon]]. It was the first night launch and the final lunar landing mission of the Apollo program.


==Crew==
==Crew==

Revision as of 15:11, 6 April 2006

Apollo 17
Mission Insignia
Apollo 17 insignia
Mission Statistics
Mission Name: Apollo 17
Call Sign: Command module: America
Lunar module: Challenger
Number of
Crew:		 3
Launch: December 7, 1972
05:33:00 UTC
Kennedy Space Center
LC 39A
Lunar Landing: December 11, 1972
19:54:57 UTC
20° 11' 26.88" N - 30° 46' 18.05" E
Taurus-Littrow
Lunar EVA
length:		 1st: 7 h 11 min 53 s
2nd: 7 h 36 min 56 s
3rd: 7 h 15 min 8 s
Total: 22 h 3 min 57 s
CMP EVA: 1 h 5 min 44 s
Lunar surface
time:		 74 h 59 min 40 s
Lunar sample
mass:		 110.52 kg (243.65 lb)
Splashdown: December 19, 1972
19:24:59 UTC
17° 53' S - 166° 7' W
Duration: 12 d 13 h 51 min 59 s
Number of
Lunar orbits:		 75
Time in
Lunar orbit:		 147 h 43 min 37.11 s
Mass: CSM 30,369 kg;
LM 16,456 kg
Crew picture
Apollo 17 crew portrait (L-R: Schmitt, Cernan (seated) and Evans)
Apollo 17 crew portrait
(L-R: Schmitt, Cernan (seated) and Evans)
Night View
Apollo 17 - The Last Moon Shot
Apollo 17 — The Last Moon Shot

Apollo 17 was the eleventh manned space mission in the NASA Apollo program and was the sixth and last manned mission to date to land on the Moon. It was the first night launch and the final lunar landing mission of the Apollo program.

Crew

Backup crew

Support Crew

Mission parameters

  • Mass:
    • Launch mass: 6,445,000 lb (2,923,400 kg)
    • Total spacecraft: 102,900 lb (46,700 kg)
      • CSM mass: 66,840 lb (30,320 kg), of which CM was 13,140 lb (5960 kg), SM 53,700 lb (24,360 kg)
      • LM mass: transposition and docking stage 36,274 lb (16,454 kg), separation for lunar landing 36,771 lb (16,679 kg), ascent stage at liftoff 10,997 lb (4,988 kg)
  • Earth orbits: 2 before leaving for Moon, about one on return
  • Lunar orbits: 75

Docking

EVAs

  • Cernan and Schmitt - EVA 1
  • EVA 1 Start: December 11, 1972, 23:54:49 UTC
  • EVA 1 End: 12 December 07:06:42 UTC
  • Duration: 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds
  • Cernan and Schmitt - EVA 2
  • EVA 2 Start: December 12, 1972, 23:28:06 UTC
  • EVA 2 End: 13 December 07:05:02 UTC
  • Duration: 7 hours, 36 minutes, 56 seconds
  • Cernan and Schmitt - EVA 3
  • EVA 3 Start: December 13, 1972, 22:25:48 UTC
  • EVA 3 End: 14 December 05:40:56 UTC
  • Duration: 7 hours, 15 minutes, 08 seconds
  • Evans - Transearth EVA 4
  • EVA 4 Start: December 17, 1972, 20:27:40 UTC
  • EVA 4 End: 17 December 21:33:24 UTC
  • Duration: 1 hour, 05 minutes, 44 seconds

See also

The splashdown point was 17° 53′ S, 166° 7′ W, 350 nautical miles (650 km) SE of the Samoan Islands and 6.5 km (4 mi) from the recovery ship USS Ticonderoga. Apollo 17 landed approximately 640 meters from its target point.

Mission highlights

File:As17-140-21391c1.jpg
Schmitt took this picture of Cernan flanked by an American flag and their lunar rover's umbrella-shaped high-gain antenna near the beginning of their third and final excursion across the lunar surface. The prominent Sculptured Hills lie in the background while Schmitt's reflection can just be made out in Cernan's helmet.
File:Apollo 17 Trans-Earth EVA.jpg
Command Module pilot Ron Evans performs a trans-earth EVA to retrieve film from the Apollo 17 SIM Bay camera. (NASA)
Apollo 17 recovery operations. (NASA)
File:A17-plaque.gif
depiction of the plaque left on the moon by Apollo 17

One of the last two men to set foot on the Moon was also the first scientist-astronaut, geologist Harrison Schmitt. While Evans circled in "America," Schmitt and Cernan collected a record 240 pounds (109 kilograms) of rocks during three Moonwalks. The crew roamed for 21 miles (34 kilometers) through the Taurus-Littrow valley in their rover, discovered orange-colored soil, and left the most comprehensive set of instruments in the ALSEP on the lunar surface. Their mission was the last in the Apollo lunar program.

Introduction

Crew members were Gene Cernan, commander; Ron Evans, command module pilot; and Harrison Schmitt, lunar module pilot.

The landing site for this mission was on the southeastern rim of the Mare Serenitatis, in the southwestern Montes Taurus. This was a dark mantle between three high, steep massifs, in an area known as the Taurus-Littrow region. Pre-mission photographs showed boulders deposited along the bases of the mountains, which could provide bedrock samples. The area also contained a landslide, several impact craters, and some dark craters which could be volcanic.

A J-class mission, featuring the Lunar Rover, they conducted three lunar surface excursions, lasting 7.2, 7.6 and 7.3 hours. The mission returned 243.6 lb (110.5 kg) of samples from the Moon.

The Command module is currently on display at NASA's Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas. The lunar module impacted the Moon on 15 December 1972 at 06:50:20.8 UT (1:50 AM EST) at 19.96 N, 30.50 E.

On this mission the astronauts took a famous photograph of the earth known as "The Blue Marble".

Mission notes

  • Schmitt, a geologist, was the first (and to date, only) scientist to walk on the Moon.
  • Like the astronauts of Apollos 10, 12, 13, and 14 before it, the Apollo 17 crew were recovered in Pacific waters near American Samoa after splashdown, and were flown from the recovery ship to the airport at Tafuna where they were greeted with an enthusiastic (and well practiced!) Samoan reception before being flown on to Honolulu, thence to Houston.
  • The plaque left on the ladder of the descent stage of Challenger read: Here Man completed his first explorations of the moon. December 1972 AD. May the spirit of peace in which we came be reflected in the lives of all mankind. The plaque showed two hemispheres of Earth and the near side of the Moon, plus the signatures of Cernan, Evans, Schmitt, and President Nixon.
  • Schmitt was originally due to fly on the cancelled Apollo 18 but following pressure from the science community was moved up to LM pilot on Apollo 17 in place of Joe Engle.
  • Apollo 17 broke several records set by previous flights, including longest manned lunar landing flight; longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities; largest lunar sample return, and longest time in lunar orbit.


File:40 A17shorty.jpg
Panoramic Assembly of Schmitt at Shorty Crater (moonpans.com)

Quotes

"When you have seen one Earth, you have seen them all."

— Jack Schimdt, Lunar Module Pilot.

"As I take man's last step from the surface, back home for some time to come - but we believe not too long into the future — I'd like to just [say] what I believe history will record. That America's challenge of today has forged man's destiny of tomorrow. And, as we leave the Moon at Taurus-Littrow, we leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind. Godspeed the crew of Apollo 17."

— Eugene A. Cernan, Apollo 17 Commander. Last man to walk on the moon, 14 December 1972.

"Okay, Jack. Let's get this mother outta here."

— Eugene A. Cernan, Apollo 17 Commander. Apocryphal last 'informal' words said on the lunar surface, one second before lunar liftoff.

Media

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References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apollo 17.


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