Giorgio da Sebenico: Difference between revisions
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Giorgio's sculpture owned very little to the art of any other Venetian sculptor of the time. Indeed, till now it has not been possible to indicate the source of this style, either within Italy or elsewhere. |
Giorgio's sculpture owned very little to the art of any other Venetian sculptor of the time. Indeed, till now it has not been possible to indicate the source of this style, either within Italy or elsewhere. |
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==Juraj Dalmatinac== |
=='Juraj Dalmatinac'== |
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In [[Croatia]], Giorgio Orsini is celebrated as a [[Croatian language|Croatian]] sculptor and architect, known under the [[Croatian language|Croatian]] name ''Juraj Dalmatinac''. This name is translation of his art name "Georgius Dalmaticus". The translation |
In [[Croatia]], Giorgio Orsini is celebrated as a [[Croatian language|Croatian]] sculptor and architect, known under the [[Croatian language|Croatian]] name ''Juraj Dalmatinac''. This name is translation of his art name "Georgius Dalmaticus". The translation came from the second half of 19th century<ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[La Repubblica]] | date = 2004-08-14 | url = http://www.repubblica.it/2004/h/sezioni/cronaca/rumizviaggio/rumiz9/rumiz9.html | title = Traù, fuga di mezzanotte | author = Paolo Rumiz | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[Corriere della Sera]] | date = 2000-11-03 | url = http://www.istrianet.org/istria/news/europe/corriere/00_1103vaticano.htm | title = Gli italiani d'Istria litigano con il Vaticano | author = Gian Antonio Stella | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref>. Another version of the Orsini's croatised name is ''Juraj Matejević''. This name comes as translation of the "Georgvs Mathei" (Georg, Mathew's son) text engraved in the marble of St. Jacob cathedral church in [[Sebenico]]<ref>{{hr icon}} Slovnik umjetnikah jugoslavenskih od Ivana Kukuljevića Sakcinskog, Tiskom Narodne tiskarne Dra Ludevita Gaja, Zagreb 1858. Page 249</ref>. Croatian author Fisković claims that "Orsini", as his family name, was never used by the artist and it was adopted by his son, after the death of his father. <ref>Juraj Dalmatinac by C. Fisković and N. Gattin; Zora Publishing House, Zagreb 1983 page 73</ref> His claim is not supported by any documents or records dated back to the times Orsini lived and worked. Fisković's claim is defeated by the home sale contract where Giorgio Orsini was named as the home buyer<ref>Moqué, 1914</ref><ref>Jackson, 1917</ref>. Two Italian authors recorded the use of Giorgio's family name by his son Mateo and grandson Giovanni<ref> Per trecentosettantasette anni: la gloria di Venezia nelle testimonianze artistiche della Dalmazia by Giuseppe Maria Pilo, Edizioni della Laguna, 2000, page 37 |
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Giorgio di Matteo Dalmata - com'egli si firma - è probabilmente nativo di Zara e certamente veneziano di formazione ancorché molto noto come Giorgio da Sebenico per avervi a lungo operato e avervi creato con la cattedrale di San Giacomo il suo capolavoro, o come Giorgio Orsini, cognome usato dal figlio Paolo dal 1512, ufficialmente dal 1516, e confermato al nipote Giacomo nel 1540 dal governatore veneziano dela Dalmazia Valerio Orsini quando lo dichiara, anche con i progenitori "ex nostra stirpe Ursina". |
Giorgio di Matteo Dalmata - com'egli si firma - è probabilmente nativo di Zara e certamente veneziano di formazione ancorché molto noto come Giorgio da Sebenico per avervi a lungo operato e avervi creato con la cattedrale di San Giacomo il suo capolavoro, o come Giorgio Orsini, cognome usato dal figlio Paolo dal 1512, ufficialmente dal 1516, e confermato al nipote Giacomo nel 1540 dal governatore veneziano dela Dalmazia Valerio Orsini quando lo dichiara, anche con i progenitori "ex nostra stirpe Ursina". |
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Revision as of 00:58, 31 January 2012
Giorgio da Sebenico | |
|---|---|
 A modern sculpture of the artist created by Ivan Meštrović, placed in front of Cathedral of St. James in Šibenik | |
| Born | circa 1410 |
| Died | 10 November 1475 |
| Known for | stone carving |
Giorgio da Sebenico (Template:Lang-hr; c. 1410 – 10 November 1475) was a medieval sculptor and architect from Dalmatia, who worked mainly in Sebenico (now Šibenik, Croatia), at the time part of the Republic of Venice, and in the city of Ancona, then part of the Papal States.
Life
Giorgio da Sebenico was probably born in the Dalmatian city of Zara (now Zadar, Croatia), which was part of the Republic of Venice.[1]
He emigrated to Venice during his youth, where he was educated as sculptor in the workshop of Giovanni and Bartolomeo Bon.[2][3] He helped them creating the decorations on the Porta della Carta of the Doge's Palace.[3] Comparative analysis of his early achievements suggests that since the beginning his works were marked by a distinctive, original style,. Indeed, outside of architectural details, it looks that he learned little from his masters and that by that time he was already working in the workshop as a companion or independent associate.[4] In Venice he married Elisabetta Da Monte (daughter of Gregorio da Monte, a Venetian carpenter), who brought him as her dowry some houses in Venice.
In 1441, when still resident in Venice, Giorgio was summoned to Šibenik in order to take charge of the construction of the Cathedral of St. James. He moved by the end of August, under the condition set in the contract with the procurators of the Cathedral to take up residence there for six years. On the 1st of September 1446 he agreed to extend his contract as chief architect for another ten years. Giorgio was granted permission to remain in Venice for two months every two years on condition that he did no work there except on his own house. He will work on the Cathedral from 1441 till 1473, although discontinuously because the work were interrupted several times for lack of funds and probably for a fire. Between 1451 and 1459 he moved to Ancona and returned in Sebenico later.
He is believed to have died in Sebenico on or around 10 November 1475.[5]
Work
His work represents the golden age of Dalmatian medieval art.[2] He was one of main interpreter of the Adriatic Renaissance, a tendency widespread during the late 15th century in Venice, Dalmatia and in some locations of the Italian Adriatic Coast, such as Ancona. This tendency of Renaissance was characterised by the rediscovery of the Classical art but in continuity with Gothic. Particularly Giorgio da Sebenico's carvings belong to the Late Gothic style, but the style of his architecture and sculptures is early Renaissance.[3]
His most beautiful achievement remains the the Cathedral of St. James in Šibenik for which he was a chief architect from 1441 till 1473.[3] The entire building was built solely of limestone from Istria, with no wood or bricks used in the structure. The building presents all along the perimeter an hedge composed of 72 stone-carved heads. On top of this hedge, and precisely on the North side, Giorgio added two angels; at the base of this work the artist engraved his signature. The task before him making the construction known worldwide was to build the choir, of which foundations had not been laid, to raise and roof the nave which was only completed to the top of the aisle vaults, and to covering the crossing by a lantern or cupola. Unfortuately lack of funding and a fire delayed the achievement of the construction.[6] From 1 July 1477 the work on the Cathedral of St. James was continued by an architect from Tuscany, Niccolò di Giovanni Fiorentino.
In Split he built several palaces. In 1448 he carved a stone altar in the Cathedral of St. Duje, Split.[3] In Dubrovnik he helped repairing the Duke's palace and helped building the Minčeta fortress in 1464 and 1465. He also made an urban plan for Pag[3] and contributed to the project and construction of Pelješac walls. He was at the same time sculptor, architect and urban planner, showing in this his belonging to the cultural climate and orientation of Renaissance.
In Italy, he worked in Ancona where he built the Loggia dei Mercanti, the portal of San Francesco alle Scale and the portal of Sant'Agostino.[3] A comparative analysis of Giorgio's works show that during his career Renaissance style gradually replaced the Gothic, in line with the European tendency during the 15th century for Gothic to become more elaborate sophisticated, giving birth to the late Gothic style known in Venice as Gotico Fiorito and Flamboyant in France. [citation needed]
Giorgio's sculpture owned very little to the art of any other Venetian sculptor of the time. Indeed, till now it has not been possible to indicate the source of this style, either within Italy or elsewhere.
'Juraj Dalmatinac'
In Croatia, Giorgio Orsini is celebrated as a Croatian sculptor and architect, known under the Croatian name Juraj Dalmatinac. This name is translation of his art name "Georgius Dalmaticus". The translation came from the second half of 19th century[7][8]. Another version of the Orsini's croatised name is Juraj Matejević. This name comes as translation of the "Georgvs Mathei" (Georg, Mathew's son) text engraved in the marble of St. Jacob cathedral church in Sebenico[9]. Croatian author Fisković claims that "Orsini", as his family name, was never used by the artist and it was adopted by his son, after the death of his father. [10] His claim is not supported by any documents or records dated back to the times Orsini lived and worked. Fisković's claim is defeated by the home sale contract where Giorgio Orsini was named as the home buyer[11][12]. Two Italian authors recorded the use of Giorgio's family name by his son Mateo and grandson Giovanni[13] and refuted Fiskovic[14] Croats erected a monument celebrating Orsini in the front of St. Jacob cathedral church in Šibenik, Croatia. This monument, an over-sized standing statue of Orsini, is a work of Yugoslav sculptor Ivan Meštrović. Two elementary schools in Croatia bear that name: one in Pag,[15] and one in Šibenik.[16]
References
- ^ Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria, with Cettigne in Montenegro and the Island of Grado by Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, published in 1887 by Clarendon Press, p. 389:
Giorgio seems to have been born at Zara. His father, Matteo, was a scion of the ancient and princely Roman house of Orsini; but the branch to which he belonged had sunk in the world, and been reduced to support itself by manual arts inconsistent with the idea of nobility as then understood, and the family name had been allowed to fall into disuse [...] His family descent from the Orsini was formally recognized in 1540 in the person of his grandson Giacomo, an advocate [...] that Giorgio was not a native of Sebenico is proved by the description of him in several 'Atti' of 1441-1450; e.g. Magister Giorgius lapicida quondam Matthaei di Jadra, habitator Venetiarum ad praesens existens Sibenic
- ^ a b "Giorgio da Sebenico [Georgius Matthei Dalmaticus; Giorgio di Matteo; Giorgio Orsini; Juraj Matejev Dalmatinac]". Grove Dictionary of Art. Macmillan Publishers Limited/Artnet. 2000. Archived from the original on 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Juraj Dalmatinac". General Encyclopedia of the Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute (in Croatian). Vol. 4. Zagreb: Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute. 1978.
- ^ Giorgio da Sebenico and the Workshop of Giovanni Bon by Dr. Anne Markham Schulz - Brown University, Providence, USA (PDF), retrieved January 2012
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ I nobili e il clero di Sebenico nel 1449 per la fabbrica della cattedrale, Vincenzo Miagostovich, Sebenico, 1910
- ^ Life of Giorgio Orsini.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|http://books.google.ro/books?id=ignored (help) - ^ Paolo Rumiz (2004-08-14). "Traù, fuga di mezzanotte". La Repubblica. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Gian Antonio Stella (2000-11-03). "Gli italiani d'Istria litigano con il Vaticano". Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Template:Hr icon Slovnik umjetnikah jugoslavenskih od Ivana Kukuljevića Sakcinskog, Tiskom Narodne tiskarne Dra Ludevita Gaja, Zagreb 1858. Page 249
- ^ Juraj Dalmatinac by C. Fisković and N. Gattin; Zora Publishing House, Zagreb 1983 page 73
- ^ Moqué, 1914
- ^ Jackson, 1917
- ^ Per trecentosettantasette anni: la gloria di Venezia nelle testimonianze artistiche della Dalmazia by Giuseppe Maria Pilo, Edizioni della Laguna, 2000, page 37
Giorgio di Matteo Dalmata - com'egli si firma - è probabilmente nativo di Zara e certamente veneziano di formazione ancorché molto noto come Giorgio da Sebenico per avervi a lungo operato e avervi creato con la cattedrale di San Giacomo il suo capolavoro, o come Giorgio Orsini, cognome usato dal figlio Paolo dal 1512, ufficialmente dal 1516, e confermato al nipote Giacomo nel 1540 dal governatore veneziano dela Dalmazia Valerio Orsini quando lo dichiara, anche con i progenitori "ex nostra stirpe Ursina".
- ^ Atti e memorie della Società dalmata di storia patria, Volume 6 Società dalmata di storia patria, La Società, 1969 page 164
Ci siamo dilungati un po' a parlare del figlio Paolo per dimostrare che con era poi quella figura "insignificante" come vorrebbe il Fiskovic.
- ^ Template:Hr icon Osnovna škola Jurja Dalmatinca Pag
- ^ Template:Hr icon Osnovna škola Jurja Dalmatinca Šibenik
Bibliography
- Mariano Fabio, La Loggia dei Mercanti in Ancona e l’opera di Giorgio di Matteo da Sebenico, Ed. Il lavoro editoriale, Ancona 2003.
- M. Fabio, La facciata di S. Agostino in Ancona e il suo restauro, in Aa.Vv., Atti del Convegno "Arte e Spiritualità negli Ordini Mendicanti, II", Tolentino, Roma 1994.
- M. Fabio, La stagione adriatica del Gotico fiorito, in F. Mariano, L’Architettura nelle Marche. Dall’Età classica al Liberty,Ed. Nardini, Fiesole 1995, pp. 83–88.
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