Mohammad Ali Bogra: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 02:19, 3 February 2012
Mohammed Ali Bogra মোহাম্মদ আলী বগুড়া | |
|---|---|
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| 3rd Prime Minister of Pakistan | |
| In office 17 April 1953 – 12 August 1955 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor General | Malik Ghulam Muhammad |
| Preceded by | Khawaja Nazimuddin |
| Succeeded by | Chaudhry Muhammad Ali |
| 2nd Foreign Minister of Pakistan | |
| In office 24 October 1954 – 11 August 1955 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor General | Malik Ghulam Muhammad |
| Preceded by | Muhammad Zafarullah Khan |
| Succeeded by | Hamidul Huq Choudhury |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 October 1909 Bogra, British Raj (now Bangladesh) |
| Died | 23 January 1963 (aged 53) Dacca, Pakistan (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) |
| Political party | Muslim League |
| Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
Nawabzada Mohammed Ali Bogra (Template:Lang-ur; October 19 1909—January 23, 1963) was a well-known and notable Pakistani Foreign service officer of Bengali origin, serving as the third Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1953 until 1955, and prior to that, was also the Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1954 to 1955.
Grew up in East-Pakistan and educated at the Calcutta University of India, Bogra was one of the core and principle Founding Fathers of current and modern state of Pakistan, responsible for leading the Muslim League in East Pakistan, in charge of party's foreign directorate. Bogra was the second Pakistan Ambassador to the United States, serving in two non-consecutive terms, and was also the second Bengali to have became the prime minister. His government too saw the civil unrest, problems with India, foreign challenges, economical distress, and Kashmir issue. His government also suffered with internal violence and threat of communism in East Pakistan and socialism in West Pakistan, that shrunk his credibility, leading the dismissal of his government.
Early life
Born at Bogra to a Muslim family descended from the Nawabs of Bengal, he attended the University of Calcutta and followed his education with a career in politics. In 1937 he began to receive prominence when he was elected to the assembly of Bengal. He would move up within the government of Bengal, serving under Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy as the Health Minister and later Finance Minister.
Upon the formation of Pakistan in 1947, Bogra was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan but after disagreement with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the Governor-General, over the issue of the Bengali Language, he was sent abroad as an Ambassador and served in Burma, Canada, and eventually as a two-time Ambassador to the United States.
Prime minister
In 1953, he was selected by Governor General of Pakistan Ghulam Muhammad to replace Khawaja Nazimuddin as the Prime Minister. Bogra was a relatively unknown personality to the national political scene of that time. He was serving as Ambassador to the US when he was recalled to take the office of Prime Minister. As Prime Minister, he set out to form a constitution.
In order to complete this, he outlined his famous "Bogra Formula" that sought to form a bicameral legislature. An Upper House would have contained 50 seats, 10 from each province, i.e. with 10 from East Pakistan and 40 from West Pakistan. A Lower House would have contained 300 seats. The lower house seats would be determined by population of province, and East Pakistan would have 165 seats, while the four provinces of West Pakistan would have a combined 135 seats, but would be split among the provinces. A provision was also put in place that stated that if the President of Pakistan were from West Pakistan, then the Prime Minister would have to be from East Pakistan, and vice-versa. The plan was very popular, but was killed when Ghulam Muhammad dissolved the Pakistani Assembly later in 1953.
Resignation and Death
Bogra was forced to resign in 1955 by the new Governor General, Iskander Mirza. He returned to his post as ambassador to the United States. In 1962 he became the foreign minister of Pakistan, until his death in 1963. He was buried in the family grave of Nawab Palace in his hometown of Bogra in present day Bangladesh.
