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* [[Adam Johann von Krusenstern]] and [[Yuri Lisyansky]]; 1803–1806; the '''[[first Russian circumnavigation]]'''.
* [[Adam Johann von Krusenstern]] and [[Yuri Lisyansky]]; 1803–1806; the '''[[first Russian circumnavigation]]'''.
* [[Faddey Bellingshausen]] and [[Mikhail Lazarev]]; 1819–1821; the '''first circumnavigation mostly between 60° and 70° S''', discovered [[Antarctica]] and the first islands south of the [[Antarctic Circle]].
* [[Faddey Bellingshausen]] and [[Mikhail Lazarev]]; 1819–1821; the '''first circumnavigation mostly between 60° and 70° S''', discovered [[Antarctica]] and the first islands south of the [[Antarctic Circle]].
* [[HMS Warspite (1807)|''HMS Warspite'']] ; 1826–1828; as part of her assuming the role of the flagship of the South American station squadron, from England via Cape of Good Hope, Burma, Australia and Brazil, returning to England via the Caribbean.
* [[Robert Fitzroy]]; 1831–1836; in [[HMS Beagle|HMS ''Beagle'']]; with [[Charles Darwin]].
* [[Robert Fitzroy]]; 1831–1836; in [[HMS Beagle|HMS ''Beagle'']]; with [[Charles Darwin]].
* The first [[Galathea expedition]]; 1845–1847; '''first Danish circumnavigation'''.
* The first [[Galathea expedition]]; 1845–1847; '''first Danish circumnavigation'''.
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* [[Fernando Villaamil]]; 1892–1894; aboard ''Nautilus''; '''first [[training ship]] circumnavigation'''.
* [[Fernando Villaamil]]; 1892–1894; aboard ''Nautilus''; '''first [[training ship]] circumnavigation'''.
* [[Joshua Slocum]]; 1895–1898; '''first [[single-handed sailing|single-handed]] circumnavigation'''.
* [[Joshua Slocum]]; 1895–1898; '''first [[single-handed sailing|single-handed]] circumnavigation'''.

=====1900s:=====
=====1900s:=====
* The [[Great White Fleet]]; 1907–1909; '''first fleet to circumnavigate the world'''.
* The [[Great White Fleet]]; 1907–1909; '''first fleet to circumnavigate the world'''.

Revision as of 08:14, 3 February 2012

This is a list of circumnavigations of the planet Earth.

Ships

Global maritime circumnavigations

Complete global circumnavigations

(Ordered by ascending date of completion of voyage)

1500s:
  • [questionable; see comments](in multiple stages) Ferdinand Magellan; 1511–1521 (multiple voyages); eastward then westward; In 1511, after having originally departed from Europe on an eastward bound journey to the Far East, he visited the Moluccas (3°9′S 129°23′E / 3.150°S 129.383°E / -3.150; 129.383) [this information is not explicitly confirmed by article section Ferdinand_Magellan#Early_life_and_travels which appears to suggest that his colleague Francisco Serrão went on to participate in the discovery of the Moluccas, while Magellan returned to Europe, and that Magellan may not have proceeded further east at this time than Malacca (2°12′N 102°15′E / 2.2°N 102.25°E / 2.2; 102.25); the article section Mollucas#The_Portuguese appears to reinforce the preceding doubts, suggesting that Serrão invited Magellan to the Moluccas, but that the invitation was not taken up; once again the article section Francisco_Serrão#Voyage_to_the_Indies appears to reinforce the idea that Magellan never went to the Moluccas; the similarity of the names Moluccas and Malacca may have caused some confusion]. In 1519, after his return to Portugal, he set out to circumnavigate the globe in the service of the Spanish crown. Sailing westward from Seville, he discovered and sailed through the Strait of Magellan, named and crossed the Pacific Ocean, to reach the Philippines in 1521, where he was killed on Cebu (10°5′N 123°33′E / 10.083°N 123.550°E / 10.083; 123.550). The expedition was completed by Spaniard Juan Sebastián Elcano. Magellan himself did not personally complete a circumnavigation of the Earth in one voyage. [If the doubts expressed above are not confirmed, the following can be considered true.] He did, however, cross all longitudes by visiting the Moluccas, in 1511, sailing eastward from Lisbon, and then later, in 1521, sailing westward from Seville, reaching that longitude once again and then proceeding still further west.
  • [questionable; see comments](in multiple stages) Enrique of Malacca, Magellan's interpreter; 1511—1521; westward; He was captured in Sumatra as a child and taken to the Moluccas (3°9′S 129°23′E / 3.150°S 129.383°E / -3.150; 129.383), where he was sold to Magellan in 1511; he subsequently travelled westward to Lisbon, with Magellan, when Magellan returned to Europe from his 1511 voyages; in 1519 he accompanied Magellan on his westward bound circumnavigation and ended up on Cebu (10°5′N 123°33′E / 10.083°N 123.550°E / 10.083; 123.550), in the Philippines, in 1521. [In this case the validity of the claim depends on whether Enrique of Malacca was in fact taken to the Moluccas after his capture as a child; if this is true and if Magellan in fact bought him in Malacca, and not in the Moluccas, he must be considered the first person to have circumnavigated the world, as he must have travelled, somehow, from the Moluccas to Malacca, from where he accompanied Magellan for the rest of the voyages; however, if Magellan did in fact buy him in the Moluccas then both he and Magellan may be considered to be the joint first people to have circumnavigated the world, as for all of the relevant voyages they travelled together.]
  • (complete) The 18 survivors, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, of Ferdinand Magellan's Spanish expedition (which began with 5 ships and 200 men); 1519–1522; westward from Spain; in the Victoria; After Magellan died in the Philippines on 27 April 1521, the circumnavigation was completed under the command of the Basque seafarer Juan Sebastián Elcano who returned to Seville, Spain, on 8 September 1522, after a journey of 3 years and 1 month.[1] These men were the first to circumnavigate the globe in a single expedition.
  • (Urdaneta and a few other crewmen completed) The survivors of García Jofre de Loaysa's Spanish expedition; 1525–1536; westward from Spain; None of Loaysa's seven ships completed the voyage, but Santa María de la Victoria reached the Moluccas before being wrecked in a Portuguese attack. Successive chiefs of the expedition (Loaisa, Elcano, Salazar, Iñiguez, De la Torre) died during the voyages. Andrés Urdaneta and other fellow men survived reaching the Spice Islands. Eventually Urdaneta and a few of his men returned to Spain in 1528 aboard a Portuguese ship via Cape of Good Hope, and completed the second world circumnavigation in history.
  • Francis Drake; 1577–1580; westward from England; in Golden Hind; Discovered the Drake Passage but entered the Pacific via the Strait of Magellan.
  • Martín Ignacio de Loyola; 1580–1584; westward from Spain.
  • Thomas Cavendish; 1586–1588; westward from England; in Desire.
  • Martín Ignacio de Loyola; 1585–1589; eastward from Spain (via Macau, China, and Acapulco, Mexico); First person to circumnavigate the world twice, and first one to do so both westwards and eastwards (1580–1584 westward and 1585–1589 eastward).
1600s:
1700s:
1800s:
1900s:
2000s:
  • Ellen MacArthur; 2001; monohull; circumnavigated singlehandedly as the then fastest woman.
  • Mike Golding; 2001; First person to circumnavigate non-stop in both eastward and westward directions. 1993 World record for a westward circumnavigation, 161 days, Group 4. 2001 Vendee Globe Race 7th position.
  • Charl DeVilliers; 2004; First deaf person to perform a solo circumnavigation.
  • Bruno Peyron and crew; 2005; aboard maxi catamaran Orange II; set the then current windpowered circumnavigation record, 50 days, 16 hours, 20 minute.
  • Ellen MacArthur; 2005; trimaran B&Q/Castorama; then the fastest singlehanded circumnavigation (71 days), is still the fastest woman in 2010. See also 2001.
  • Donna Lange; 2005–2007; Eastward via the southern ocean with three stops.[3]
  • Dee Caffari; 2006; first woman to perform a solo westward non-stop circumnavigation, in 178 days.[4]
  • RMS Queen Mary 2; 2007 world cruise; at 148,528 gross ton, the world's largest passenger ship to circumnavigate the globe.
  • Fernando Garcia Herran; 2006-2008; Circumnavigation North Atlantic Route.
  • Earthrace; 2008; wave-piercing trimaran, with two 540 horsepower multi-fuelled engines; current world record holder for a motorized vessel (disputed with USS Triton, 1960), in 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes.
  • Francis Joyon; 2008; 95 ftm[convert: unknown unit] trimaran IDEC; current fastest singlehanded multihull circumnavigation, in 57 days 13 hours 34 minutes 06 seconds.
  • Natasza Caban; 2007–2009; boat "Tanasza"; Polish woman, born 1977, East to West, Hawaii to Hawaii through the Panama Canal.
  • Michael Perham; 2009; then youngest person (aged 16–17 years) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation, still youngest man (with stops, through Panama Canal).
  • Franck Cammas and a crew of 10; 20 March 2010; French trimaran Groupama 3; current absolute fastest maritime circumnavigation, in a time of 48 days, 7 hours 44 minutes and 52 seconds.
  • Jessica Watson; 2010; youngest person (aged 16) to perform a solo non-stop circumnavigation (past Cape Horn).
  • Reid Stowe; 2010; eastbound circumnavigation, 1152 days; longest time spent at sea without resupply or touching land.
  • Jeanne Socrates; 2011; oldest woman (aged 68) to perform singlehanded circumnavigation (eastbound with stops) via Cape Horn. [5]
  • Minoru Saito; 2011; oldest person (aged 77) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (westbound, past Cape Horn, with stops). He has made eight singlehanded circumnavigations; after the seventh (which was non-stop) at age 71 he was already the oldest.
  • Laura Dekker; 2011–2012; youngest person (aged 15–16 years) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (with stops, through Panama Canal).

Fastest nautical circumnavigations of the globe

(Ordered by ascending date of completion of voyage)

  • Operation Sandblast; 1960; USS Triton; first underwater circumnavigation, and fastest mechanically powered circumnavigation (disputed with Earthrace, 2008), in 60 days 21 minutes.
  • Jon Sanders; 1986-1988; holds the world record for completing a single-handed, non-stop, triple circumnavigation, in 658 days 21 hours and 18 minutes.
  • Jean Luc Van Den Heede (French); 2004; fastest westward single-handed circumnavigation, 122 days 14 hours 3 minutes 49 seconds.
  • Adrienne Cahalan (Australian); February–March 2004; fastest woman to complete a circumnavigation (crew of "Cheyenne") 58 days 9 hours 32 minutes 45 seconds.
  • Earthrace; 2008; wave-piercing trimaran, with two 540 horsepower multi-fuelled engines; current world record holder for a motorized vessel (disputed with USS Triton, 1960), in 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes.
  • Francis Joyon (French); Nov 2007–Jan 2008; current fastest single-handed circumnavigation, in 57 days, 13 hours, 34 minutes, 6 seconds.
  • Franck Cammas and a crew of 10; 20 March 2010; French sail-powered trimaran Groupama 3; previous absolute (wind or mechanically powered) fastest maritime circumnavigation, in a time of 48 days, 7 hours 44 minutes and 52 seconds.
  • Loïck Peyron and crew of fourteen sailors aboard the Maxi trimaran Banque Populaire V; current absolute (wind or mechanically powered) fastest maritime circumnavigation,in 45 days 13 hours 42 minutes 53 seconds of sailing. Average speed of 26.51 knots (30.51 MPH), covering a total distance of 29 002 miles.

Non-global maritime circumnavigations

Significant nonglobal maritime circumnavigations

Planned non-global maritime circumnavigations

  • Peter Schmidt Mikkelsen and John Murray; 2011; plan to circumnavigate the Arctic,[10] which is possible after many passages that were covered with ice melted.[11]

Aircraft

Spacecraft

  • On 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first human flight in space, and completed the first orbit of the Earth, in Vostok 1, in 108 minutes.
  • The second and third orbital circumnavigations, the first two to have multiple orbits, were made by Gherman Titov (17.5 orbits, a little over a day, for the Soviet Union) and John Glenn, in Friendship 7 (3 orbits, almost five hours, for the USA, first American orbital flight), respectively.
  • The first woman to circumnavigate the Earth in orbit, and to also do so multiple times, was Valentina Tereshkova, who made forty-eight orbits between 16 and 19 June 1963, aboard Vostok 6.
  • Frank F. Borman II, James A. Lovell Jr., and William A. Anders, 21–27 December 1968, first human circumnavigation of the Earth-Moon system, 10 orbits around the moon in about 20 hours, aboard Apollo 8; total trip to the moon and back was more than 6 Earth days.
  • Sally K. Ride, Ph.D., 18–24 June 1983, the first American woman to circumnavigate the Earth in orbit, the youngest American to-date to do so (aged 32 years, 23 days), and the first American woman to do so multiple times; she flew 97 orbits during STS-7 aboard Space Shuttle Challenger.

Mixed transportation

See also: Long-distance riding
  • In 1881, King Kalākaua traveled around the world, over land and sea, thus becoming the first reigning monarch to complete such a journey.
  • Thomas Stevens was the first person to circle the globe by bicycle. The feat was accomplished between 1884 and 1886. While impressive at the time, a good portion of the trip was by steamer due to technical and political reasons.
  • Nellie Bly traveled around the world with public steamboats and trains in 72 days (from November 14, 1889 to January 25, 1890), a world record, resembling the Around the World in Eighty Days novel.
  • George Matthew Schilling is reputed to have walked around the world between 1897 and 1904, though this feat was unverified.
  • Clärenore Stinnes and Carl-Axel Söderström were the first persons to drive around the world in a car between 25 May 1927 and 24 June 1929.
  • David Kunst was the first verified person to walk around the world between 20 June 1970 and 10 October 1974.
  • Arthur Blessitt walked around the world carrying a 45 lb (20 kg) wooden cross, covering 38,102 miles (61,319 km) through 315 countries, between 1969 and 2008.
  • Heinz Stucke has been cycling around the world since 1965.
  • Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Charles Burton and their team circumnavigated 'vertically' via the two poles on the Transglobe Expedition.
  • Rick Hansen, a world-class paraplegic athlete, became the first person to travel around the world in a wheelchair on 22 May 1987, covering over 40,000 km through 34 countries on four continents.[15]
  • Robert Garside is credited by Guinness World Records as the first person to run around the world between 1997–2003, taking 2,062 days to cover 30,000 miles (48,000 km) across 29 countries and 6 continents.[16]
  • Jesper Olsen travelled 26,000 kilometres (16,000 mi) in 2004, completed circumnavigation solely on foot (except for airplane or boats over the seas).
  • Colin Angus circumnavigated the northern hemisphere solely by human power in 2006 but did not qualify under the Guinness guidelines as a human powered circumnavigation. His attempt, however, was recognized by National Geographic.[17]
  • Jason Lewis completed a full human powered circumnavigation in 2007, covering 46,505 miles (74,843 km) in both the southern and northern hemispheres that reached antipodal points, gaining accreditation by Adventurestats by Explorersweb for being the first to circumnavigate the globe using only human power.[18] However it failed to meet Guinness rules for a human powered circumnavigation.[19]
  • Mark Beaumont broke the record for cycling around globe in 2008. He began his attempt on 5 August 2007 and completed the 18,297-mile (29,446 km) journey across 4 continents and 21 countries 194 days and 17 hours later on 15 February 2008.[20]
  • Ed Gillespie (environmental communicator and Co-Founder of "Futerra") travelled around the world without flying between March 2007 and March 2008 [21]
  • Rosie Swale-Pope travelled 32,000 kilometres (20,000 mi) in 2008 completed circumnavigation solely on foot (except for airplane or boats over the seas).
  • Garry Sowerby holds four world records for circumnavigation in an automobile.[22][23][24]

Fictional

See also

References

  1. ^ Kurlansky, Mark. 1999. The Basque History of the World. Walker & Company, New York. ISBN 0-8027-1349-1, p. 63
  2. ^ http://sailorsforthesea.org/about-sailors-for-the-sea/advisors/mark-schrader.aspx
  3. ^ http://www.cruisingworld.com/news/voyaging/donna-lange-completes-circumnavigation-53132.html
  4. ^ wrong-way sailor back on UK soil, BBC News. Retrieved 21 May 2006.
  5. ^ http://www.ealingtimes.co.uk/news/9025839.Ealing_grandmother_s_world_record_sail/
  6. ^ "CCGS Hudson".
  7. ^ Clark, Miles. Russian Voyage. National Geographic Magazine, june 1994. p. 114 a 138.
  8. ^ Purves, Libby (30 April 1993). "Obituary: Miles Clark". The Independent. London.
  9. ^ http://phoenicia.org.uk/discovering-the%20expedition.htm
  10. ^ http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/arctic-expeditions/arctic-circumnavigation/overview
  11. ^ Lean, Geoffrey (31 August 2008). "For the first time in human history, the North Pole can be circumnavigated". The Independent. London.
  12. ^ Round-the-World Flights, from WingNet. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
  13. ^ Fossett flies to non-stop record, from BBC News. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
  14. ^ Steve lands as an uninvited guest!, from Virgin Global Flyer. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
  15. ^ Still making a difference: Hansen continues to inspire while raising understanding and money, By Darah Hansen, Vancouver Sun, 18 May 2007.
  16. ^ Around-World Runner Honoured from the New York Post
  17. ^ Human-Powered Circumnavigation
  18. ^ Adventurestats by Explorersweb. "Global HPC - Human Powered Circumnavigations". Explorersweb.
  19. ^ Outside Magazine, October 2007
  20. ^ Scot Smashes World Cycle Record
  21. ^ "Low Carbon Travel"
  22. ^ http://www.digihitch.com/canada20.html
  23. ^ http://www.thewesternstar.com/index.cfm?sid=252958&sc=23
  24. ^ http://www.gov.ns.ca/news/details.asp?id=19990602004
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