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|ethnicity=[[Gutian people]]
|ethnicity=[[Gutian people]]
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The '''Gutian language''' was spoken by the [[Gutian people|Gutians]] or Guteans, an ancient people who lived in the territory between the [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]] and the [[Tigris]], present-day Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan, around 2100 BCE, and who briefly ruled over [[Sumer]].
The '''Gutian language''' was spoken by the [[Gutian people|Gutians]] or Guteans, an ancient people who lived in the territory between the [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]] and the [[Tigris]], around 2100 BCE, and who briefly ruled over [[Sumer]].


Nothing is known about the language except its existence and a list of Gutian ruler names in the [[Sumerian king list]]. The existence is attested by a list of languages spoken in the region, found in a clay tablet from the [[Middle Babylonian period]] presumably originating from the city of [[Imar]],<ref name="heimpel">Wolfgang Heimpel (2003), ''Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary''. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 1575060809, 9781575060804; 657 pages</ref>{{rp|p.13}}, which also lists [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], [[Amorite language|Amorite]], [[Sutean language|Sutean]], "Subarean" ([[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]), and [[Elamite language|Elamite]]. There is also record of "an interpreter for the Gutean language" at [[Adab (city)|Adab]].<ref name="wilcke">Claus Wilcke (2007), ''Early Ancient Near Eastern Law: A History of Its Beginnings : the Early Dynastic and Sargonic Periods''. Eisenbrauns. 204 pages. ISBN 1575061325, 9781575061320</ref><ref name="yang">Yang (1989), ''Was Adab the home of the Gutean king Erridupizzir who left 3 inscriptions at Nippur stil copied there in OB schools (Frayne 1993, 20-228)?'', A956; OIP vol. 14 no. 80, p. 2.</ref>
Nothing is known about the language except its existence and a list of Gutian ruler names in the [[Sumerian king list]]. The existence is attested by a list of languages spoken in the region, found in a clay tablet from the [[Middle Babylonian period]] presumably originating from the city of [[Imar]],<ref name="heimpel">Wolfgang Heimpel (2003), ''Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary''. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 1575060809, 9781575060804; 657 pages</ref>{{rp|p.13}}, which also lists [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], [[Amorite language|Amorite]], [[Sutean language|Sutean]], "Subarean" ([[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]), and [[Elamite language|Elamite]]. There is also record of "an interpreter for the Gutean language" at [[Adab (city)|Adab]].<ref name="wilcke">Claus Wilcke (2007), ''Early Ancient Near Eastern Law: A History of Its Beginnings : the Early Dynastic and Sargonic Periods''. Eisenbrauns. 204 pages. ISBN 1575061325, 9781575061320</ref><ref name="yang">Yang (1989), ''Was Adab the home of the Gutean king Erridupizzir who left 3 inscriptions at Nippur stil copied there in OB schools (Frayne 1993, 20-228)?'', A956; OIP vol. 14 no. 80, p. 2.</ref>
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However, according to [[Tamaz Gamkrelidze|T. Gamkrelidze]] and [[Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov|V. Ivanov]], Gutian language was close to [[Tocharian languages]] of the [[Indo-European]] family<ref>''Гамкрелидзе Т. В., Иванов Вяч. Вс.'' Первые индоевропейцы на арене истории: прототохары в Передней Азии // Вестник древней истории. 1989. № 1.</ref>
However, according to [[Tamaz Gamkrelidze|T. Gamkrelidze]] and [[Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov|V. Ivanov]], Gutian language was close to [[Tocharian languages]] of the [[Indo-European]] family<ref>''Гамкрелидзе Т. В., Иванов Вяч. Вс.'' Первые индоевропейцы на арене истории: прототохары в Передней Азии // Вестник древней истории. 1989. № 1.</ref>


The historical Guti have been widely regarded as among the ancestors of the [[Kurds]], including by the modern Kurds themselves. However, in the late 19th-century, Assyriologist [[Julius Oppert]] sought to connect the Gutians of remote antiquity with the later Gutones (Goths), whom Ptolemy in 150 AD had known as the Guti, a tribe of Scandia. Oppert's theory on this connection is not shared by many scholars today, in the absence of further evidence.<ref>'Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan', by Maria T. O'Shea, 2004 p. 66</ref>
In the late 19th-century, Assyriologist [[Julius Oppert]] sought to connect the Gutians of remote antiquity with the later Gutones (Goths), whom Ptolemy in 150 AD had known as the Guti, a tribe of Scandia. Oppert's theory on this connection is not shared by many scholars today, in the absence of further evidence.<ref>'Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan', by Maria T. O'Shea, 2004 p. 66</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:09, 4 February 2012

Gutian
Qutian
RegionZagros Mountains?
EthnicityGutian people
Extinctspoken ca. 2100 BCE
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)

The Gutian language was spoken by the Gutians or Guteans, an ancient people who lived in the territory between the Zagros and the Tigris, around 2100 BCE, and who briefly ruled over Sumer.

Nothing is known about the language except its existence and a list of Gutian ruler names in the Sumerian king list. The existence is attested by a list of languages spoken in the region, found in a clay tablet from the Middle Babylonian period presumably originating from the city of Imar,[1]: p.13 , which also lists Akkadian, Amorite, Sutean, "Subarean" (Hurrian), and Elamite. There is also record of "an interpreter for the Gutean language" at Adab.[2][3]

The Gutian king names from the Sumerian list are Inkishush, Zarlagab, Shulme (or Yarlagash), Silulumesh (or Silulu), Inimabakesh (or Duga), Igeshaush (or Ilu-An), Yarlagab, Ibate, Yarla (or Yarlangab), Kurum, Apilkin, La-erabum, Irarum, Ibranum, Hablum, Puzur-Suen, Yarlaganda, Si-um (?), and Tirigan. Based on these names, some scholars claim that the Gutian language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and was unrelated to the languages spoken around it.[1]

However, according to T. Gamkrelidze and V. Ivanov, Gutian language was close to Tocharian languages of the Indo-European family[4]

In the late 19th-century, Assyriologist Julius Oppert sought to connect the Gutians of remote antiquity with the later Gutones (Goths), whom Ptolemy in 150 AD had known as the Guti, a tribe of Scandia. Oppert's theory on this connection is not shared by many scholars today, in the absence of further evidence.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Wolfgang Heimpel (2003), Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 1575060809, 9781575060804; 657 pages
  2. ^ Claus Wilcke (2007), Early Ancient Near Eastern Law: A History of Its Beginnings : the Early Dynastic and Sargonic Periods. Eisenbrauns. 204 pages. ISBN 1575061325, 9781575061320
  3. ^ Yang (1989), Was Adab the home of the Gutean king Erridupizzir who left 3 inscriptions at Nippur stil copied there in OB schools (Frayne 1993, 20-228)?, A956; OIP vol. 14 no. 80, p. 2.
  4. ^ Гамкрелидзе Т. В., Иванов Вяч. Вс. Первые индоевропейцы на арене истории: прототохары в Передней Азии // Вестник древней истории. 1989. № 1.
  5. ^ 'Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan', by Maria T. O'Shea, 2004 p. 66


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