Treaty of Westminster (1462): Difference between revisions
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The Scottish crown in the minority of [[James III of Scotland]] had taken the [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] part in the [[Wars of the Roses]] by welcoming the fugitive [[Henry VI of England]]. Edward VI was forming an alliance with these disaffected nobles to reduce the threat posed by the exiled former king, now in the hands of James III's mother [[Mary of Guelders]]. |
The Scottish crown in the minority of [[James III of Scotland]] had taken the [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] part in the [[Wars of the Roses]] by welcoming the fugitive [[Henry VI of England]]. Edward VI was forming an alliance with these disaffected nobles to reduce the threat posed by the exiled former king, now in the hands of James III's mother [[Mary of Guelders]]. |
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==Process== |
==Process== |
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The highlands lords gave their assent from [[Ardtornish Castle]] on 19 October 1461, their envoys to London were Ranald of the Isles and Duncan, [[Archdeacon of the Isles]]. [[John of Islay, Earl of Ross|John, Earl of Ross]], [[Domhnall Ballach|Donald Balagh]], and his [[John Mor MacDonald, 3rd of Dunnyveg|son and heir John]], with all the people of the [[Ross]] and the [[Hebrides|isles]] would become subjects of Edward VI on Whitsunday. The articles were |
The highlands lords gave their assent from [[Ardtornish Castle]] on 19 October 1461, their envoys to London were Ranald of the Isles and Duncan, [[Archdeacon of the Isles]]. [[John of Islay, Earl of Ross|John, Earl of Ross]], [[Domhnall Ballach|Donald Balagh]], and his [[John Mor MacDonald, 3rd of Dunnyveg|son and heir John]], with all the people of the [[Ross]] and the [[Hebrides|isles]] would become subjects of Edward VI on Whitsunday. The articles were sealed at [[Westminster Palace]] on 13 February 1462 and signed by Edward IV of England on 17 March 1462.<ref>''Foedera'', vol.5 part1 (1741), p.107-109 see external links</ref> |
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==Consequences== |
==Consequences== |
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Revision as of 23:55, 9 February 2012
The Treaty of Westminster (or the Treaty of Westminster-Ardtornish) was signed on February 13, 1461 between Edward VI of England of the House of York and the Scottish Lord of the Isles, the Earl of Ross. The agreement proposed that if Scotland was conquered by England, the lands beyond the Scottish sea, beyond the Firth of Forth, would be divided between the Earls and the Earl of Douglas to be held from the crown of England, and the Earl of Douglas would hold Scotland south of the Firth.
Background
The Scottish crown in the minority of James III of Scotland had taken the Lancastrian part in the Wars of the Roses by welcoming the fugitive Henry VI of England. Edward VI was forming an alliance with these disaffected nobles to reduce the threat posed by the exiled former king, now in the hands of James III's mother Mary of Guelders.
Process
The highlands lords gave their assent from Ardtornish Castle on 19 October 1461, their envoys to London were Ranald of the Isles and Duncan, Archdeacon of the Isles. John, Earl of Ross, Donald Balagh, and his son and heir John, with all the people of the Ross and the isles would become subjects of Edward VI on Whitsunday. The articles were sealed at Westminster Palace on 13 February 1462 and signed by Edward IV of England on 17 March 1462.[1]
Consequences
The historian Norman Macdougall thought that the significance of the agreement was overplayed by earlier historians, such as Andrew Laing, who described it as an attempt to "stab Scotland in the back with a Celtic dirk." Its consequence was an attack by the Earl of Ross on crown lands near Inverness in 1462 and 1463.[2]
The Douglases and England
It is notable that Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus was to play a significant role in the future Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1502) and its offspring, the Treaty of Greenwich. The Douglases were generally at that time, the heads of the pro-English party in Scotland, pushing for what eventually became a Union of the Crowns and Kingdom of Great Britain.
See also
External links
- Timeline for Scotland during the 1400s
- Landscapes of Scotland
- Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, conventiones, literae,... inter Reges Angliae et alios, vol. 5 part 1 & 2, Johannes Neaulm, Hague, (1741) (Latin), (material from Foedera, vol.11 & 12 (1710-1)), in part 1; p.107-9