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== Computer Modelled Crash Simulation ==
== Computer Modelled Crash Simulation ==
NO YOU WOULD NOT
[[Image:POLO1a.JPG|thumb|left|VW POLO first successful frontal full car crash simulation (ESI 1986).]]
[[Image:FAE visualization.jpg|thumb|right|Visualisation of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical crash using finite element analysis.]]
[[Image:EuroNCAP FRONTAL IMPACT (left-hand drive veicles).png|thumb|right|EuroNCAP FRONTAL IMPACT (left-hand drive vehicles).]]
[[Image:Lotus Evora front crash test.jpg|thumb|right|Lotus Evora front crash test showing Aluminium chassis crush structure, the height of the rigid front chassis side beams and rigid front cross beam.]]

In the early 1980s, using technology developed for the [[aerospace]] and [[nuclear industry|nuclear industries]], German car makers started complex computer [[crash simulation]] studies, using [[finite element methods]] simulating the crash behaviour of individual car body components, component assemblies, and quarter and half cars at the [[body in white| body in white(BIW)]] stage. These experiments culminated in a joint project by the Forschungsgemeinschaft Automobil-Technik (FAT), a conglomeration of all seven German car makers (Audi, BMW, Ford, Mercedes-Benz, Opel (GM), Porsche, and Volkswagen), which tested the applicability of two emerging commercial crash simulation codes. These simulation codes recreated a frontal impact of a full passenger car structure (Haug 1986) and they ran to completion on a computer overnight. Now that turn-around time between two consecutive job-submissions (computer runs) did not exceed one day, engineers were able to make efficient and progressive improvements of the crash behaviour of the analyzed car body structure. The drive for improved crash worthiness in Europe has accelerated from the 1990s onwards, with the 1997 advent of [[Euro NCAP]], with the involvement of Formula 1 expertise.

The 2004 [[Pininfarina]] ''Nido'' [[Experimental Safety Vehicle]] locates crumple zones ''inside'' the Survival Cell. Those interior crumple zones decelerate a sled-mounted survival cell.<ref name="autoevolution1"/>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 18:21, 8 March 2012

A crash test illustrates how a crumple zone absorbs energy from an impact.
The crumple zone on the front of these cars absorbed the impact of a head-on collision.
Cross section to show the different strength of the metal in a Saab 9000. The safety cell is in stronger metal (red) compared to the crumple zones (yellow).

The crumple zone is a structural feature mainly of automobiles. Crumple zones have also been incorporated into railcars in recent years.[1][2][3][4][5][6] They are designed to absorb the energy from the impact during an accident by controlled deformation. This energy is much higher than is commonly recognized. The severity of a collision with a pole or tree at 60 km/h is similar to driving over a 10 meter sheer drop and crashing onto a hard surface.[7]

Typically, crumple zones are located in the front part of the vehicle, in order to absorb the impact of a head-on collision, though they may be found on other parts of the vehicle as well. According to a British Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre study of where on the vehicle impact damage occurs: 65% were front impacts, 25% rear impacts, 5% left side, and 5% right side.[8] Some racing cars use aluminium or composite/carbon fiber honeycomb to form an impact attenuator that dissipate crash energy using a much smaller volume and lower weight than road car crumple zones.[9] Impact attenuators have also been introduced on highway maintenance vehicles in some countries.

An early example of the crumple zone concept was used by the Mercedes-Benz engineer Béla Barényi on the 1959 Mercedes-Benz "Fintail".[10] This innovation was first patented by Mercedes-Benz in the early 1950s. The patent 854157, granted in 1952, describes the decisive feature of passive safety. Barényi questioned the opinion prevailing till then, that a safe car had to be rigid. He divided the car body into three sections: the rigid non-deforming passenger compartment and the crumple zones in the front and the rear. They are designed to absorb the energy of an impact (kinetic energy) by deformation during collision.[11]

On September 10, 2009, ABC News 'Good Morning America' and 'World News' showed a U.S. Insurance Institute of Highway Safety crash test of a 2009 Chevrolet Malibu in an offset head-on collision with a 1959 Chevrolet Bel Air sedan. It dramatically demonstrated the effectiveness of modern car safety design, over 1950s design, particularly of rigid passenger safety cells and crumple zones.[12] [13]

Function

Josh i would beat in a battle lets have one

Computer Modelled Crash Simulation

NO YOU WOULD NOT

See also

References

  1. ^ http://machinedesign.com/article/will-the-crash-zone-crumple-fea-tells-1106
  2. ^ http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/crumple-zone2.htm
  3. ^ http://www.plastics-car.com/crumplezone
  4. ^ November 6, 2003 Paul Dvorak (2003-11-06). "Will the crash zone crumple? FEA tells". Machine Design. Retrieved 2011-09-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ http://www.inds.co.uk/education/wdss/Crumple_zones.pdf
  6. ^ November 6, 2003 Paul Dvorak (2003-11-06). "Will the crash zone crumple? FEA tells". Machine Design. Retrieved 2011-11-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  8. ^ A. Robinson, W.A. Livesey (2006). The Repair of Vehicle Bodies P.406. 5th Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-75-066753-1.
  9. ^ Grabianowski, Ed (2008-08-11). "HowStuffWorks "How Crumple Zones Work"". Auto.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
  10. ^ "motoring.independent.co.uk". motoring.independent.co.uk. 2006-01-24. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  11. ^ "Howstuffworks". Howstuffworks. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
  12. ^ Stark, Lisa (2009-09-10). "Highway Safety Exclusive: Car Crashes, Travel Deaths Prevented by Technology - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
  13. ^ Neff, John. "Pics Aplenty: IIHS reveals before and after of Malibu/Bel Air crash". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
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