GOELRO: Difference between revisions
no "the" |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
'''GOELRO plan''' ([[Russian (language)|Russian]]: план ГОЭЛРО) was the first-ever [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] plan for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five-Year Plan]]s drafted by [[Gosplan]]. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" ('''Го'''сударственная комиссия по '''эл'''ектрификации '''Ро'''ссии). |
'''GOELRO plan''' ([[Russian (language)|Russian]]: план ГОЭЛРО) was the first-ever [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] plan for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five-Year Plan]]s drafted by [[Gosplan]]. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" ('''Го'''сударственная комиссия по '''эл'''ектрификации '''Ро'''ссии). |
||
The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by [[Vladimir Lenin]]. Lenin's belief in electrification's central importance to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement, ''"Communism is Soviet power plus electrification of the whole country."''<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/nov/21.htm Lenin ''Our Foreign and Domestic Position and Party Tasks''].</ref> |
The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by [[Vladimir Lenin]]. Lenin's belief in electrification's central importance to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement, ''"Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole country."''<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/nov/21.htm Lenin ''Our Foreign and Domestic Position and Party Tasks''].</ref> |
||
The Commission was established by the Presidium of the [[VSNKh]] on February 21, 1920<ref name="50a">[http://www.springerlink.com/content/lh35mg7706n56561/ 50th anniversary of the Lenin Goélro Plan and Hydropower Development]</ref> in accordance with February 3, 1920 [[VTsIK]] resolution on the electrification plan development.<ref name="GSE">[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]], 3rd ed., entry on "ГОЭЛРО", available online [http://slovari.yandex.ru/art.xml?art=bse/00020/05400.htm here]</ref> The director of the Commission was [[Gleb Krzhizhanovsky]]. About 200 scientists and engineers participated, including [[Genrikh Graftio]], [[Ivan Gavrilovich Alexandrov|Ivan Aleksandrov]], [[Mikhail Shatelen]] and others.<ref name="50a"/> By the end of 1920 the Commission devised the "[[Russian SFSR]] Electrification Plan" ({{lang-ru|«План электрификации Р.С.Ф.С.Р»}}), that was approved subsequently by the 8th [[Congress of Soviets]] on December 22, 1920<ref name="Kuzbassenergo">{{ru icon}} [http://www.kuzbassenergo.ru/goelro/ On GOELRO Plan - at Kuzbassenergo]</ref> and accepted by the Sovnarkom ([[Sovnarkom|Soviet government]]) on December 21, 1921.<ref>[http://www.turpion.org/php/paper.phtml?journal_id=pu&paper_id=4485 Physics in the USSR: stages in a long journey]</ref> |
The Commission was established by the Presidium of the [[VSNKh]] on February 21, 1920<ref name="50a">[http://www.springerlink.com/content/lh35mg7706n56561/ 50th anniversary of the Lenin Goélro Plan and Hydropower Development]</ref> in accordance with February 3, 1920 [[VTsIK]] resolution on the electrification plan development.<ref name="GSE">[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]], 3rd ed., entry on "ГОЭЛРО", available online [http://slovari.yandex.ru/art.xml?art=bse/00020/05400.htm here]</ref> The director of the Commission was [[Gleb Krzhizhanovsky]]. About 200 scientists and engineers participated, including [[Genrikh Graftio]], [[Ivan Gavrilovich Alexandrov|Ivan Aleksandrov]], [[Mikhail Shatelen]] and others.<ref name="50a"/> By the end of 1920 the Commission devised the "[[Russian SFSR]] Electrification Plan" ({{lang-ru|«План электрификации Р.С.Ф.С.Р»}}), that was approved subsequently by the 8th [[Congress of Soviets]] on December 22, 1920<ref name="Kuzbassenergo">{{ru icon}} [http://www.kuzbassenergo.ru/goelro/ On GOELRO Plan - at Kuzbassenergo]</ref> and accepted by the Sovnarkom ([[Sovnarkom|Soviet government]]) on December 21, 1921.<ref>[http://www.turpion.org/php/paper.phtml?journal_id=pu&paper_id=4485 Physics in the USSR: stages in a long journey]</ref> |
||
Revision as of 00:26, 4 April 2012
GOELRO plan (Russian: план ГОЭЛРО) was the first-ever Soviet plan for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans drafted by Gosplan. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" (Государственная комиссия по электрификации России).
The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by Vladimir Lenin. Lenin's belief in electrification's central importance to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement, "Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole country."[1]
The Commission was established by the Presidium of the VSNKh on February 21, 1920[2] in accordance with February 3, 1920 VTsIK resolution on the electrification plan development.[3] The director of the Commission was Gleb Krzhizhanovsky. About 200 scientists and engineers participated, including Genrikh Graftio, Ivan Aleksandrov, Mikhail Shatelen and others.[2] By the end of 1920 the Commission devised the "Russian SFSR Electrification Plan" (Template:Lang-ru), that was approved subsequently by the 8th Congress of Soviets on December 22, 1920[4] and accepted by the Sovnarkom (Soviet government) on December 21, 1921.[5]
The Plan represented a major restructuring of the Soviet economy based on total electrification of the country. Lenin's stated goal for it was "...the organization of industry on the basis of modern, advanced technology, on electrification which will provide a link between town and country, will put an end to the division between town and country, will make it possible to raise the level of culture in the countryside and to overcome, even in the most remote corners of land, backwardness, ignorance, poverty, disease, and barbarism."[6]
The GOELRO Plan was implemented during a 10- to 15-year period. According to the Plan, the territory of the Russian SFSR was divided into eight regions, with distinct development strategies due to specific features of each region: Southern Region, Central Industrial region, Northern Region, Ural Region, Volga Region, Turkestan Region, Caucasus Region and Western Siberia Region.[3][7] The Plan included construction of a network of 30 regional power plants, including ten large hydroelectric power plants, and numerous electric-powered large industrial enterprises. [8] It was intended to increase the total national power output per year to 8.8 billion kWh, as compared to 1.9 billion kWh of the Imperial Russia in 1913.[3] The Plan was basically fulfilled by 1931. [3][4]
Ivan Aleksandrov was subsequently to direct the Regionalisation Commission of Gosplan which divided the Soviet union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights".[9]
The cliché "Ilyich's lamp" (лампочка Ильича) for an electric bulb, a reference to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, is a reminder of the Plan period.
References
- ^ Lenin Our Foreign and Domestic Position and Party Tasks.
- ^ a b 50th anniversary of the Lenin Goélro Plan and Hydropower Development
- ^ a b c d Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd ed., entry on "ГОЭЛРО", available online here
- ^ a b Template:Ru icon On GOELRO Plan - at Kuzbassenergo
- ^ Physics in the USSR: stages in a long journey
- ^ Lenin "Collected Works", vol. 30, page 335.
- ^ Template:Ru icon 85th anniversary of GOELRO plan - Management at the website of RAO UES
- ^ 70 Years of Gidroproekt and Hydroelectric Power in Russia
- ^ Ekonomicheskoe raionirovanie Rossii, Gosplan, Moscow 1921
External links
- Template:Ru icon 85th anniversary of GOELRO plan at the website of RAO UES
- Map of the electrification from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia