Pelican

For other uses, see Pelican (disambiguation).

Pelicans
Pink-backed Pelicans (Pelecanus rufescens).
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Pelecaniformes
Family:	Pelecanidae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus:	Pelecanus Linnaeus, 1758
Species
Pelecanus occidentalis Pelecanus thagus Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Pelecanus onocrotalus Pelecanus crispus Pelecanus rufescens Pelecanus philippensis Pelecanus conspicillatus

A pelican is any of several very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak belonging to the bird family Pelecanidae. Along with the darters, cormorants, gannets, boobies, (he said boobies!)frigatebirds, and tropicbirds, they make up the order Pelecaniformes. Like other birds in that group, pelicans have all four toes webbed (they are totipalmate).

Pelicans use two different ways to feed:

• Group fishing, used by white pelicans all over the world. They will form a line to chase schools of small fish into shallow water, and then simply scoop them up. Large fish are caught with the bill-tip, then tossed up in the air to be caught and slid into the gullet head first.
• Plunge-diving, used almost exclusively by the American Brown Pelican, but only rarely by white pelicans like the Peruvian Pelican of the western South American coast, or the Australian Pelican.

Pelicans can grow to a wingspan of three meters and weigh 13 kilograms, males being a little larger than females and having a longer bill.

From the fossil record, it is known that pelicans have been around for over 40 million years. Modern pelicans are found on all continents except Antarctica: they are birds of inland and coastal waters and are absent from polar regions, the deep ocean, oceanic islands, and inland South America.

Pelicans are gregarious and nest colonially, the male bringing the material, the female heaping it up to form a simple structure. Pairs are monogamous for a single season but the pair bond extends only to the nesting area; away from the nest mates are independent.

Symbolism

A pelican in her Piety.

In medieval Europe, the pelican was thought to be particularly attentive to her young, to the point of providing her own blood when no other food was available. As a result, the pelican became a symbol of the Passion of Jesus and of the Eucharist, became a symbol in bestiaries for self-sacrifice, and was used in heraldry ("a pelican in her piety"). This legend may have arisen because the pelican used to suffer from a disease that left a red mark on its chest.. Another version of this is that the Pelican used to kill its young and then resurrect them with its blood, this being analogous to the sacrifice of Jesus.

Species

	Pelecanus occidentalis	Brown Pelican
	Pelecanus thagus	Peruvian Pelican
	Pelecanus erythrorhynchos	American White Pelican
	Pelecanus onocrotalus	Great White Pelican
	Pelecanus crispus	Dalmatian Pelican
	Pelecanus rufescens	Pink-backed Pelican
	Pelecanus philippensis	Spot-billed Pelican
	Pelecanus conspicillatus	Australian Pelican

• 
  Relief of a "pelican in her piety"
• 
  Sequence of pelican coming out of water with a comic ending
• Australian Pelican, (Pelecanus conspicillatus)
  Australian Pelican, (Pelecanus conspicillatus)

External links

• The Medieval Pelican
• Pelican videos on the Internet Bird Collection